hamzeh saeediyan; Hamid Reza Moradi; Sadat Feiznia; nader Bahramifar
Abstract
Acidic rainfall is one of the complications of industry life that a point of view geographically in recent years spread widely and the attention of many researchers has been found. These rains have significant effects on the different ecosystems of earth. In this study, in order to investigate the sensitivity ...
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Acidic rainfall is one of the complications of industry life that a point of view geographically in recent years spread widely and the attention of many researchers has been found. These rains have significant effects on the different ecosystems of earth. In this study, in order to investigate the sensitivity of erosion and sediment yield of Gachsaran Formation to acidic rainfall and its density change, parts of the Kuhe Gach watershed area in Izeh Township are selected with the area of 1202 hectares. This investigation in order to determine productivity runoff and sediment in 8 points and with 3 replicates in Gachsaran formation in different intensities 1, 1/25 mm in min and in the intensities of distilled water and 4, 5 acidic water in four aspects of northern, southern, eastern, western with using kamphorst rain simulator was done. In order to analyze statistical was used SPSS and EXCEL packages. The highest of runoff and sediment rates in Gachsaran formation in 1, 1/25 mm in min are related to 4 acidic rainfalls. The rainfall of 5 acidic also runoff and sediment are more than the rain of distilled water. The infiltration rates in rainfall different intensities also showed a significant difference.
Saeed Pourheadari; Hassan Ahmadi; ِAbolfazl Moeini; Sadat Feiznia; Mohammad Jafari
Abstract
Due to physical and chemical composition and lack of vegetation cover and therefore less organic matter, Marlons formations are the most sensitive formations to erosion, so that by removing the particles of the soil and transporting their to the lower regions, cause different forms of erosions. Due to ...
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Due to physical and chemical composition and lack of vegetation cover and therefore less organic matter, Marlons formations are the most sensitive formations to erosion, so that by removing the particles of the soil and transporting their to the lower regions, cause different forms of erosions. Due to the physical and chemical properties of marls, the study area has caused various types of erosion in the basin and downstream urban areas has been affected followed by mudflows resulting from their erosion and sedimentation. In this research, 35 soil samples were taken from the different work units to determine the physical and chemical characteristics and also to study the soil losses using a rain simulator. Along to this, 5 samples from particular marl units of the area was taken and transferred to the laboratory for mineralogical experiments. The K method in the global erosion equation was used to evaluate the degradability of detached materials that according to this method, the highest value of k is related to forms with a coefficient of 70%, and the least of which is the surface and rainfall erosion form with a coefficient of 25%. Also, due to the fact that there were 4 units of work with attached materials, the stripy method was used to evaluate their erodibility.
Sadat Feiznia; Rabbaneh Roughani; Saeed Soltani
Abstract
Particulate matters (PM) has a negative effect on human health especially in industrial and urban areas due to their great potential of reaching the furthest parts of human lungs. Therefore, it is essential to conduct continuous monitoring of PM in order to assess their spatial and temporal trend in ...
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Particulate matters (PM) has a negative effect on human health especially in industrial and urban areas due to their great potential of reaching the furthest parts of human lungs. Therefore, it is essential to conduct continuous monitoring of PM in order to assess their spatial and temporal trend in ambient air. This study aimed to assess the spatial and seasonal variations of PM2.5, PM10, total suspended particles (TSP) concentration and evaluating their correlations with meteorological parameters in surrounding regions of Isfahan city, Iran. PM2.5, PM10 and TSP concentrations (24-hours) were measured by gravimetry method with low volume air sampler for one-year period (July 2015-July 2016) at three stations located on western, eastern and southern part of Isfahan. The overall daily mean concentrations of PM2.5, PM10 and TSP were 73, 101 and 134 µg/m3 in east; 50, 86 and 103 µgr/m3 in the south; and 23, 45 and 53 µgr/m3 in west stations, respectively. This study identified that PM2.5 concentrations were above the US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) guideline at all stations. The daily mean concentration of PM2.5, PM10, and TSP showed a negative correlation with humidity, while a positive correlation was observed between daily average temperature and all pollutant concentrations. A weak positive correlation was observed in case of wind speed. This study found that the meteorological condition has the highest impact on fluctuating PM2.5 concentration over the monitoring period. Pollution rose analysis indicated that westerly and north-westerly wind increased PM2.5 concentration at all sites.
zeinab nazari; nematollah khorasani; sadat feiznia; mahmoud karami
Abstract
One of atmospheric phenomena of dry and semi-dry areas and areas adjacent to these areas is the phenomenon of dust and production of particulate matter (PM10) that have many environmental hazards. The purpose of this research is determination of chemical composition and source identification of elements ...
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One of atmospheric phenomena of dry and semi-dry areas and areas adjacent to these areas is the phenomenon of dust and production of particulate matter (PM10) that have many environmental hazards. The purpose of this research is determination of chemical composition and source identification of elements in aerosols in city of Kermanshah. Enrichment factor are used to identify natural and anthropogenic sources of these elements in aerosols. Tracing of sreams is performed using contour line in level of 500hpa . Samples of aerosols is analyzed for 20 elements by ICP-OES. According to this study, The elements such as iron, potassium, calcium, selenium, arsenic, cobalt, phosphorus, magnesium and sodium have low EF- values, this indicates that these elements have originated from the crust. These elements account for 84% of the total concentration of elements. This shows that crustal elements are the main contributor to the elements in PM10 in the Kermanshah atmosphere. The results of this research show that the most frequent pass of streams to west Iran; west to east of Iraq is in the first rank, then, westnorth to eastnorth of Jordan, east to westsouth of Syria and east to west of Mediterranean. Therefore, it can be stated that Iraq and its neighboring regions have important role in production of aerosols.
mohsen kazemi; sadegh naji; Sadat Feiznia; Hassan Khosravi
Abstract
One of the strategies to achieve sustainable management of lakes and wetlands is change detection of lakes, wetlands and their surrounding landuses during the specific time periods. In this research, the satellite images from 1381 to 1394 applying geometric and atmospheric corrections were used in order ...
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One of the strategies to achieve sustainable management of lakes and wetlands is change detection of lakes, wetlands and their surrounding landuses during the specific time periods. In this research, the satellite images from 1381 to 1394 applying geometric and atmospheric corrections were used in order to monitor the changes of the Maharloo Lake level and its surrounding lands Image subtraction techniques, the principle component analysis (PCA) and fuzzy logic were used for providing the maps of landuse changes and drastically changes. The obtained results of Maharloo landuse changes showed that the lake water level has decreased 78 percent during 1381 to 1394. Reducing the lake water level, the landuses of bare and saline lands increased 46 and 58 percent respectively. The obtained results of the drastic changes showed that 82% of the changes have had the intensity between 50-100 percent. The most intensity of the changes with reduction of 22 percent was related to water body of Maharloo. The reduction of Maharlu Lake water level have different consequences therefore management planning is necessary to prevent its ecosystem degradation and Risks of reduced water levels in recent years.
sadat Feiznia; ahmad reza mokhtari; mohammad jaaferi; mohammad javad ghanei bafghi; ziba khodayian
Abstract
Mining and its various stages is one of the important factors in spreading pollution in natural environments. Contaminations may affect soil and water resources and actually enter the food chain due to absorption by plants. Among mineral elements, lead is more important because of its toxic effects. ...
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Mining and its various stages is one of the important factors in spreading pollution in natural environments. Contaminations may affect soil and water resources and actually enter the food chain due to absorption by plants. Among mineral elements, lead is more important because of its toxic effects. In order to investigate distribution of lead in downstream soils of Kushk Lead and Zinc Mine and identify anthropogenic and geogenic natures of pollution spread, a classified random systematic sampling was carried out. Sampling interval was 500 to1500 meters and soils were sampled in 0-5 and 5-30 centimeters depths. A control sample area with similar characteristics was considered in the vicinity of the region. The samples were analyzed by ICP-MASS method and the lead content of the samples was determined. Using Enrichment Factor and Geoaccumulation Index, the extension and severity of pollution are determined and related maps are prepared. Conclusions show that average amounts of lead in topsoil is about 4 times of subsoil and one kilometer far from mine, lead content of soil is more than 290 PPM that is more than permissible amounts. Moreover, the difference between lead content in topsoil and subsoil shows that the contamination in these areas is anthropogenic. Contamination reduces by going further from mine and the highest amount of emission of lead is around the main watercourse.
Seid Saeid Ghiasi; Sadat Feiznia; Alireza moghadam nia; Ali Najafinejad; Somayye Najirad
Abstract
Landslide susceptibility assessment is a primary tool for understanding the basic characteristics of slopes that are prone to landslides. In this study, a landslide susceptibility assessment was accomplished, by adopting the Statistical Index Method (SIM) and the Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP). Ten ...
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Landslide susceptibility assessment is a primary tool for understanding the basic characteristics of slopes that are prone to landslides. In this study, a landslide susceptibility assessment was accomplished, by adopting the Statistical Index Method (SIM) and the Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP). Ten landslide causing factors were considered including: elevation, slope, aspect, lithology, land use, drainage density, plan curvature, precipitation, geomorphologic faces, and rock unit’s sensitivity to erosion. The SIM was used to determine the weighted value (Si) for classes of every landslide causing factor, the AHP was utilized to determine the weighted value (Wi) for every factor. The summation of the product of Si by Wi represent the landslide Susceptibility Index (LSI) value for every pixels. Based on the derived LSI, landslide susceptibility map (LSM) was produced then the study area was grouped into five susceptibility classes. The densities of landslide for five susceptibility classes implying there is a satisfactory agreement between the susceptibility map and the actual landslide data. In the following, the results of the LSM were quantitatively validated using observed landslide dataset and the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) method. The validation results showed that the AUC for prediction rate of model was 95.2%. The landslide susceptibility showed the areas with lithology of old terraces, young terraces, lahar, and porphyritic trachyandesite-trachyte with different degrees of sensitivity to erosion which distribute between 10–40% slope and more than 60% are very prone to slope failure. Therefore, SIM and AHP were found to be effective models for landslide susceptibility mapping.
Asghar Kouhpeima; Sadat Feiznia
Abstract
Landslide causes many social and economic losses in many parts of the world every year. These losses can be greatly reduced by using appropriate management measures such as mapping landslide susceptibility mapping in the basin. The aim of this study is landslide susceptibility mapping using Mahalanobis ...
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Landslide causes many social and economic losses in many parts of the world every year. These losses can be greatly reduced by using appropriate management measures such as mapping landslide susceptibility mapping in the basin. The aim of this study is landslide susceptibility mapping using Mahalanobis distance in the Latyan catchment. First, a total of 208 cases of landslides identificated and geo-referenced using geographic information systems based on an interpretation of aerial photographs and extensive field surveys and provided a landslide inventory map. The map of 12 factors, including rainfall, land use, distance to fault, distance from river, distance from road, lithology, altitude, slope, aspect, plan curvature, Peak Ground Acceleration and topographic wetness index as the most important factors in landslides was prepared. Then the correlating each factor and the landslide was examined. Finally landslide susceptibility zoning map was provided based on the Mahalanobis distance in Latyan catchment. To evaluate the results, the ROC and chi-square tests were used. The results show more than 80 % of the catchment located in range of high and very high susceptibility classes and need to suitable management operations. AUC index (area under the curve ROC) for this model is achieved to 0.896 or 89.6% which represent capability and high accuracy. Chi-square test results also reflect the proper separation of landslide susceptibility classes by model.
mahboobeh sarbazi; Sadat Feiznia; Mohammad Mahdavi
Abstract
Water quality is always one of the major challenges for managers and decision makers in water resource management. However, the problems of water quality are more important than quantity. One of the main ways in thorough review and assessment of water quality using multivariate statistical techniques ...
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Water quality is always one of the major challenges for managers and decision makers in water resource management. However, the problems of water quality are more important than quantity. One of the main ways in thorough review and assessment of water quality using multivariate statistical techniques are, the majority of changes to a system, in order to identify important factors that influence could explain. This study classified zone Groundwater Quality Mashhad plain terms of agricultural potential and its quality review process has been carried out in recent decades. Therefore, the quality of groundwater for agricultural use was studied and maps of quality classification for 2001-2011 years were prepared. Then, using geological map, the effect of geological formations on degradation of groundwater quality was assessed. For water quality analyses, 10 important water quality variables in 39 selected wells were measured and they were analyzed using multivariate statistical techniques. The statistical analyses which were used are: Factor analysis for determining the most important variables, cluster analysis for determination of variables homogenous groups and Pearson Correlation for investigation of relationships between variables. The results have shown the best relationship between geological formation and quality factors. Also, the results of Factor Analysis also showed that EC and TDS 71.02 of the total variance explained by factor loading 0.98 and pH 14.91 of the total variance explained by factor loading 0.93 are the most important variables affecting the quality of groundwater in the study area.
Omid Asadi Nalivan; Seid Saeid Ghiasi; Sadat Feiznia; Narges sagghazade
Abstract
At present, Groundwater contamination by nitrate, serves as one of the most important environmental issues. In respect to various land uses of Silveh basin, its ground water quality parameters might vary spatially and temporally. For this, ground water samples taken from 145 points were evaluated. After ...
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At present, Groundwater contamination by nitrate, serves as one of the most important environmental issues. In respect to various land uses of Silveh basin, its ground water quality parameters might vary spatially and temporally. For this, ground water samples taken from 145 points were evaluated. After determining nitrate spatial variations by varyogram, different methods involved distance inverse method and geo-statistics methods of radial estimator approaches, local estimator, ordinary kriging, simple kriging and global kriging were evaluated using GIS software and nitrate spatial distribution map were prepared in two time intervals (pre and post-harvest). Criteria based on the Root Mean Squared Error(RMSE), ordinary kriging method has the lowest error, and the accuracy considerably. Spatial distribution of nitrate in area groundwater indicated that there was high concentration of nitrate in land uses of agriculture and arid area. Of course, presence of shale-stone causes nitrate releases, intensifying issues. Comparison of nitrate samples concentration with national and international standards suggested that 1.38%(2 Point) of all samples have been nitrate-contaminated before harvesting, while 11.03%(16 Point) of them have been contaminated after harvesting.
sadat feiznia; Meisam Samadi; Teimur Teimurian
Abstract
The age determination of sediments is usually performed by different methods, all of them need a lot of cost, effort and research facilities. The goal of this research is to compare the results of sediment granulometery with precipitation data to perform chronology of sediments. In this study four check ...
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The age determination of sediments is usually performed by different methods, all of them need a lot of cost, effort and research facilities. The goal of this research is to compare the results of sediment granulometery with precipitation data to perform chronology of sediments. In this study four check dams were selected and profiles were drilled in their sediments. Then sediment sampling was performed in different horizons based on texture and color of the sediments. Granolumetric analyses were performned on samples and the results were analyzed by Gradistat Software. Long-term (45 years) rainfall statistics of Zanjan Station was obtained from Zanjan Meteorological Office for determination of low-water and high-water periods using PNPI (Percent of Normal Precipitation Index). The results of granolumeteric analyses were compared with the results of rainfall analyses which showed that sandy texture relates to high-water and silty texture to low-water periods. The results showed that in thirteen samples from seventeen samples, there is complete conformity between granolumetric and climatic results and that accurate recognition of high-water and low-water periods can be reached using granolumetric characteristics.The age of sediments in four small dams is as follow: Sediments of profile one were deposited between 2005 to 2011, profile 2 between 2006 to 2011, profile 3 between 2008 to 2011 and profile 4 between 2008 to 2011 years. Using sediment chronology of each horizon in sediment profiles, sediment yield potential of upland drainage basin of each small dam in different temporal phases can be estimated.
Hesam Ahmady-Birgani; Sadat Feiznia; Hasan Mirnejad; Hassan Ahmadi; Ken Mc Queen; Mohammad Ghorban Pour
Abstract
This study investigates the mineralogy and physico-chemical properties of atmospheric particulates collected at Abadan (southwestern Iran) near the Persian Gulf coast and Urmia (northwestern Iran) during ambient and dust events over 6 months (winter 2011; spring 2012). Particle sizes collected were: ...
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This study investigates the mineralogy and physico-chemical properties of atmospheric particulates collected at Abadan (southwestern Iran) near the Persian Gulf coast and Urmia (northwestern Iran) during ambient and dust events over 6 months (winter 2011; spring 2012). Particle sizes collected were: TSP (total suspended particulates); PM10 (particulates <10µm); and PM2.5 (particulates <2.5µm). Minerals were identified using X-ray diffraction (XRD); particle morphology and composition were examined by scanning electron microscopy and energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (SEM-EDX). Major minerals detected are calcite, quartz, clay minerals and gypsum, with relative abundance related to sampling site, collection period, wind direction, sampling head, and total sample amount. The anomalously high calcite content appears a characteristic feature originated from calcareous soils of the region. SEM observations indicated a wide range of particle morphologies over the 1-50 µm size range, with spherical, platy, cubic, elongate and prismatic shapes and rounding from angular to rounded. Energy dispersive X-ray analysis of TSP samples from both sites for non-dusty periods indicated that the sampled mineral suite contained Al, Mg, Na, Cl, P, S, Ca, K, Fe, Ti, and Si, mostly reflecting calcite, quartz, aluminosilicates, clays, gypsum and halite. Additionally, As, Pb, Zn, Mn, Sc, Nd, W, Ce, La, Ba and Ni were detected in TSP, PM10 and PM2.5 samples collected during dust events.
Mozafar Ansari; Sadat Feiznia; Hassan Ahmadi; MohammadAli Fattahi Ardekani
Abstract
Soil is one of the most vital natural resources in any country. Nowadays, lands are rarely found worldwide without having severe erosion problem. Landslide is one of the soil erosion processes in which a huge volume of soil is washed away. SHETRAN Model was used in this study to assess the landslides ...
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Soil is one of the most vital natural resources in any country. Nowadays, lands are rarely found worldwide without having severe erosion problem. Landslide is one of the soil erosion processes in which a huge volume of soil is washed away. SHETRAN Model was used in this study to assess the landslides being occurred in Zidasht catchment, Taleghan. At the first stage, sediment-water mixed samples were gathered at the outlet of the Catchment for calibration purpose in 2011. To run the model, regions undergoing landslide were identified using GISLIP sub-model. Secondly, after hydrological and sediment production simulations in a sub-model of SHETRAN for the region, calibration was made for spring season. After the calibration process, the model was run again, this time for the regions having landslide (for 418 spots), and in regions where landslide sediments do not pour into water courses, these regions were omitted, the final amount of sediment was calculated using SHETRAN sub-model and the results were compared with the previous studies. The results show that 19.75% of the total sediment belongs to landslides. With regard to the current sediment quantity of about 111248 kg, total sediment in landslides was estimated to be around 120668kg.
REZA SHAHBAZI; Sadat Feiznia; Razieh Lak; Hasan Ahmadi
Abstract
Study of surface sediments of southern Khuzestan plain in Shadegan marshes surroundings was made to understand the nature of the sediments, their classification and determining the most effective physical and chemical characteristics of sediments change. Samples were taken from 27 points inside the work ...
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Study of surface sediments of southern Khuzestan plain in Shadegan marshes surroundings was made to understand the nature of the sediments, their classification and determining the most effective physical and chemical characteristics of sediments change. Samples were taken from 27 points inside the work units. The chemical characteristics of sediment samples containing calcium carbonate, calcium sulfate, sodium chloride, sodium, magnesium, calcium, electrical conductivity, pH and sodium absorption ratio, was measured. After removal all carbonates and evaporates materials, the portion of carbonates-evaporates and terrigenous parts, was specified. Granulometry for terrigenous part was done for terrigenous materials. The new method of classification was performed for these fine sediments containing solutes, which considers the portion of the chemical and terrigenous parts, was performed. In order to specify the most effective factors and variables in the sediment variability, factor analysis and cluster analysis were used consequently. Classification results showed that the sediments are marl, with similar components with Iran tertiary marls. Two main factors, the components of the new classification and the chemical characteristics were controlled sediments variability, while the chemical characteristics had more effective roles. According to the results of cluster analysis, Sodium was the most effective variable which its value varies up to more than 20 in different work units. The results of this study show that the use of the new method of classification together with statistical analysis led to extract more details from flat and broad playa and sabkha environments.
Ali Akbar Nazari Samani; alireza oliaye; sadat feiznia
Abstract
Assessment frequency of springs has become an important issue for land use planning, especially water resource identification and environmental protection.The purpose of this study is to produce a spring occurrence potential map in Bojnourd Basin, based on a logistic regression method using Geographic ...
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Assessment frequency of springs has become an important issue for land use planning, especially water resource identification and environmental protection.The purpose of this study is to produce a spring occurrence potential map in Bojnourd Basin, based on a logistic regression method using Geographic Information System (GIS) and remote sensing (RS). The locations of the springs (359 springs) were determined in the study area. In this study, 14 effective factors including spring were used in the analysis: lineament density, distance to lineament, distance to drainage, drainage density, normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI), profile curvature, tangential curvature, surface rate, vector dispersion, precipitation, elevation, geology, aspect and slope. Binary logistic regression coefficients of the variables by selecting 300 spring randomly. 59 another spring were used for validation that 80.6% of the springs were correctly predicted. The accuracy of the model was measured using ROC curves which showed that accuracy is 86.6 percent which indicates that the model shows high accuracy in the analysis of spring occurrence potential in the study area. The results showed that the distance of lineaments, distance of drainage, drainage density, vegetation index, profile curvature, tangential curvature, vector dispersion, precipitation and slope have the greatest impact on the occurrence of springs. Finally, spring occurrence potential map was divided into four probably classes of very low, low, medium and high. According to the survey results, this method can be used to identify sources of groundwater in karstic zones and has important role in better management of the karstic Basins.
mohammad moazami; Sadat Feiznia; Majid Khayyat Kholghi; Arash Malekian
Abstract
Hydraulic conductivity is an important parameter for controling water flow through porous media. Hence, accurate estimation of this parameter is important for evaluating flow exchange between surface water and groundwater. In this study, 12 empirical formulae based on grain-size and 4 infiltration equations ...
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Hydraulic conductivity is an important parameter for controling water flow through porous media. Hence, accurate estimation of this parameter is important for evaluating flow exchange between surface water and groundwater. In this study, 12 empirical formulae based on grain-size and 4 infiltration equations were used for estimating hydraulic conductivity on 3 sites in Jarmeh flood spreading system, Khuzestan Province. Results were evaluated using measured hydraulic conductivity by double rings infiltrometer. The results of the empirical formulae showed that 9 formulae were overestimated or underestimated and 3 formulae were close to measured values. Hazen formula gave the largest overestimation and Slitcher formula gave the largest underestimation and Shepherd formula is the best one. Generally, empirical formulae applicability requires the calibration of C coefficients. The results of the infiltration equations showed that all of 4 equations estimated hydraulic conductivity appropriately and there are no significant differences between them. Among the equations, Kastiakov and Green-Ampt were the best.
sadat Feiz Nia; Mariam Musavian; Zohreh Abdolahian Dehkordi; Khadijeh Ebrahimi Dorche
Abstract
Physical characteristics of drainage basins suchas geological materials, landuse type and vegetation cover, soil type, surfacepermeability, depth of underground water table, topographical conditions anddrainage are important factors in flood occurrence which affect prevailingequations on water movement ...
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Physical characteristics of drainage basins suchas geological materials, landuse type and vegetation cover, soil type, surfacepermeability, depth of underground water table, topographical conditions anddrainage are important factors in flood occurrence which affect prevailingequations on water movement in drainage and determine storage capacity ofdrainage basins. Geology is one of the most important factors affecting floodoccurrence of drainage basin. In this study it is attempted to investigate theeffect of geology factor on flood occurrence in Joneghan drainage basin,Shahr-e – Koord, using a new method. In this respect, after preparing base mapsconsisting of slope amount , geology , landuse , erodibility of geologicalmaterial , soil depth and drainage pattern , studies were performed in twostages as follows: In the first stage, flood occurrence of hill slopes of eachsub- catchment was investigated. For doing so, work unit map was prepared usingslope and infiltration maps. Then in each sub-catchment, land use, erodibilityof geological materials and soil depth were overlaid with work unit map one byone and dually. In the second stage, flood occurrence of drainage wasinvestigated as follows: First, longitudinal profile of main drainage of eachsubcatchment was prepared using GIS. For investigation of flood occurrence ofdrainages, slope and permeability of geological units were used. The results ofthe first stage showed that permeability, slope, erodibility of geologicalmaterials and soil depth have the greatest effect on flood occurrence,respectively. Also based on this four – factor method, subcatchments weredivided into five flood occurrence classes as follow: low, low to medium,medium, relatively high, and high. The results of the second stage showed thatdrainage flood occurrence belongs to two classes of low to medium and medium.By combining slope and drainage flood occurrence, it can be concluded that thethird subcatchment with medium flood occurrence is more susceptible to floodrelative to other subcatchments. With regard to the results of the presentstudy, it can be concluded that geology has high impact on flood occurrence andpermeability of geological materials decrease flood occurrence in the basin.
Ali Fazlollahi; Ali Salajegheh; Sadat Feiznia; Hassan Ahmadi
Abstract
Sediment fingerprinting is a method for identifying sediment sources and determining the rate of contribution of each source. In this method, the natural tracer technology is used, that combined from samples collection, laboratory analyzing and statistical modeling. The natural tracers are measured in ...
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Sediment fingerprinting is a method for identifying sediment sources and determining the rate of contribution of each source. In this method, the natural tracer technology is used, that combined from samples collection, laboratory analyzing and statistical modeling. The natural tracers are measured in both the sources and suspended sediment to determine the rate of contribution each sources. The suspended sediment traps were constructed and used for the first time in country. In this research sediment fingerprinting was used in the loess area. 27 tracers were measured in all samples. Data were evaluated about outlier. The capability of each tracer in separating the sources was evaluated with kruskal-wallis test. All tracers were accepted. Then the best combination of tracers was determined with discriminate analysis. This combination is total carbon, Na, organic carbon, Pb, Co, Sr, Al, C/N and Rb. Then, the rate of contribution of each source was determined with normal method and optimized method. Among all the sediment sources, Gully and forest have the highest and lowest rates, respectively. The field observations were confirmed the results. The use of genetic algorithm increased the accuracy of determination of contribution of each source in comparison to normal method
nasim arman; Ali Salajegheh; Sadat Feiznia; Hassan Ahmadi; Jamal Ghoddousi; ali kiani rad
Abstract
Identification of homogenous watershed sub basins allows generalization of environmental study results. For this purpose, first available data for 27 selected watersheds in North Alborz regarding 21 variables including physiographic and climatic characteristics was gathered. The most important factors ...
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Identification of homogenous watershed sub basins allows generalization of environmental study results. For this purpose, first available data for 27 selected watersheds in North Alborz regarding 21 variables including physiographic and climatic characteristics was gathered. The most important factors impacting upon soil erosion and sediment yield were equivalent rectangular length, mean annual precipitation, rock susceptibility, aspect and drainage density which were identified using factor analysis (Principle Component Analysis : PCA) and a 80.72 percent variation of data was observed (KMO =0.516). For determination of homogenous region, different methods of cluster analysis (hierarchical, K-means and two step clustering) were used and three homogeneous regions were specified. Discriminant function analysis was employed and confirmed the results of cluster analysis in homogenous region. On the other hand, based on these five factors, a discriminant function was defined and canonical correlation, chi-square, wilks’ lambda values revealed that three homogenous regions were quite separate.
Mohammad Rostamtabar; Sadat Feiznia; ziaodin Shoaii
Abstract
More accurate understanding of rock formations and sedimentary units sensitive to erosion willenable us to present appropriate and timely methods in order to prevent accelerated erosion. In thisstudy, through predefined sampling from main and minor channels and granulometric analysisusing index sieves, ...
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More accurate understanding of rock formations and sedimentary units sensitive to erosion willenable us to present appropriate and timely methods in order to prevent accelerated erosion. In thisstudy, through predefined sampling from main and minor channels and granulometric analysisusing index sieves, mineralogical investigation has been performed qualitatively and quantitativelyby binoculars in laboratory. After that, sedimentation potential has been calculated by usingpractical formulas. Then, sedimentation potential of each sedimentary unit has been estimated fromaverage results of sedimentary sample and with this method, sedimentation potential of ShafaroodWatershed has been obtained from average results of five sub basins. An equation has beencalculated for each sub basin and by this, an equation for whole watershed was presented. In thisequation, the Y which refers to the amount of delivered sediments has been placed in one side androck unit coefficients on the other side. The coefficient of each rock unit has a rule in sedimentproduction. These coefficients are dimensionless and demonstrate rock unit sensitivity to erosion.The bigger this value, the more sensitive that rock unit is to erosion. In this way, the map ofsensitivity to erosion for each sub basin has been prepared by using (ARC GIS) software.According to average sedimentation potential of Shafarood Watershed, marl units (Pgf), silty sandyshale (Jsh) and sandy limestone (Kusl), have respectively the highest sensitivity and limestone units(P), andesite - basalt (Pev) and tuffy shale (V) have the least sensitivity to the erosion.
Nayereh Ghazanfarpour; Sadat Feiznia; Hassan Ahmadi; Mohammad Jafari; Masoud Nasri
Abstract
Estimation of the amount of soil loss measurement of field indicators is a low-cost method, is easy to learn and can be simply applied. In order to measure and make assessment of soil loss amount by field indicators method in Shahrak Watershed, first map of the work units was prepared and then, measurements ...
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Estimation of the amount of soil loss measurement of field indicators is a low-cost method, is easy to learn and can be simply applied. In order to measure and make assessment of soil loss amount by field indicators method in Shahrak Watershed, first map of the work units was prepared and then, measurements of the relevant field indicators were carried out within these units. Then, EPM model was calibrated and verified. Then the measured data for the amount of the soil loss obtained by using field indicators were analysed and assessed using EPM experimental model. Mean of relative error and correlation coefficient between values from filed indicators method and EPM model were around 7.6 and 0.9, respectively which these results verify field indicators method for estimation of soil loss intensity. Estimation of the average of soil loss amounts relevant to each of the field indicators shows the following soil losses: Rock exposure indicator: 47.61 (ton/ha), Pedestal indicator: 22.61 (ton/ha), Rill indicator: 5.67 (ton/ha), Sediment in drains indicator: 2.21 (ton/ha), Gully indicator: 2.17 (ton/ha) and Build up against barriers indicator: 34.78 (ton/ha).
Mohammad Nohtani; Sadat Feiznia; Hasan Ahmadi; Hamidreza Peirovan
Abstract
Loess Deposit is one of the most important Quaternary Deposits of northeastern parts of Iran which have high erosion rate. This study was performed with field- Rainfall- Simulator which has a plot area of 1 m2 in Gorganrood Drainage Basin to determine the effective factors on sediment yield. Landuse, ...
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Loess Deposit is one of the most important Quaternary Deposits of northeastern parts of Iran which have high erosion rate. This study was performed with field- Rainfall- Simulator which has a plot area of 1 m2 in Gorganrood Drainage Basin to determine the effective factors on sediment yield. Landuse, slope and erosion feature maps were overlaid in GIS to obtain land unit map. Then on work units, rainfall simulator analyses were performed. The produced runoff and sediment in 69 points on work units were collected and were measured. Adjacent to each rainfall simulator plot, samples of surface material were collected in the field to analyze for physical and chemical characteristics. In the field, descriptive tables were prepared for different work units in which locality, slope percentage, elevation, depth of A horizon of the soil and other necessary informations were recorded. In order to determine logical relationship between different variables, regression and correlation analyses were performed. In statistical analyses, it was found that slope percentage has the highest correlation coefficient and has the highest direct relationship with sediment yield and sediment production and silt amount is the second factor. The investigation of multiple regression analyses generated a model which shows %80 of sediment production variations. In this model slope percentage, cation exchange capacity and silt have possitive relationship and Calcium cation has negetive relationship with sediment yield.
Elham alsadat Abrisham; Sadat Feiznia
Abstract
The Derakhte Senged area is located in south of Neishaboor town at Khorasan Razavi province. In this research, desertification intensity of Derakht senged area was evaluated using IMDPA, one of the newest method to Assess desertification potential in arid and semi arid regions of Iran. To evaluate desertification ...
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The Derakhte Senged area is located in south of Neishaboor town at Khorasan Razavi province. In this research, desertification intensity of Derakht senged area was evaluated using IMDPA, one of the newest method to Assess desertification potential in arid and semi arid regions of Iran. To evaluate desertification intensity, based on the primary research in this area, 4 criteria were selected including vegetation cover, soil, climate, geology and geomorphology. Each criterion was assessed based on the selected indices which result in qualitative mapping of each criterion cased on geometric mean of the indices. Then, sensitive map of region was extracted using geometric mean of all criteria. By laminate of thematic databases layers and using geometric mean of main criteria intensity map was obtained. The results showed that 0.37 % of study area categorized in low class, 80% was medium and 19.63% involved high class of desertification. Analysis of desertification criteria in this region showed that among study criteria, vegetation cover criteria is a major problem with a geometric average of 3.05 which shows high class, while geology and geomorphology with a weighted average of 1.8, has moderate effect in desertification. Also, climate and soil criteria with a geometric average of 2.04 and 2.21 show medium class desertification.
Mohsen Padyab; Sadat Feiznia; Hassan Ahmadi; Ardeshir Shafei
Abstract
Small precipitation with temporal and spatial variation of rainfall is the main responsible factors on flood occurrence in arid and semi arid regions. Floods in their regions usually contain high concentration of sediments which when they are deposited on the surface of lands, they change the properties ...
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Small precipitation with temporal and spatial variation of rainfall is the main responsible factors on flood occurrence in arid and semi arid regions. Floods in their regions usually contain high concentration of sediments which when they are deposited on the surface of lands, they change the properties of soils of the area. In this research, the effect of floodwater spreading on physic-chemical characteristics of soil in Gachsaran floodwater spreading station, after 12 years of floodwater spreading, is investigated. For this purpose, soils and sediments were sampled from 0-15, 15-30, 30-45 and 45-60 centimeter depths, from the flood spreading and representative (without floodwater spreading) fields. Samples were analyzed for following proportion: percentages of clay, silt, sand and gravel, pH, EC, percentage of lime, anions and cations. The result have show that the amounts of clay, silt and sand have increased, chemical properties have changed slightly and among the chemical properties, pH and percentage of lime have higher change so that pH decreased and lime increased in floodwater spreading field respect to the representative field. It is concluded that due to floodwater spreading, physical properties of the field underwent considerable amount of changes and gravelly texture has changed to less gravelly texture. The surface soil has undergone more changes and from the surface to the depth, change of physical and chemical properties becomes negligible.
Sadat Feiznia; Soheila Youneszadeh Jalili; Hasan Ahmadi
Abstract
Due to difficulties in the application of traditional methods for identifying sediment sources, fingerprinting techniques, based on physical, chemical and organic properties of sediment and source materials, are increasingly being used as a valuable and effective alternative approach to obtain such information. ...
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Due to difficulties in the application of traditional methods for identifying sediment sources, fingerprinting techniques, based on physical, chemical and organic properties of sediment and source materials, are increasingly being used as a valuable and effective alternative approach to obtain such information. The first step in this method is using an appropriate combination of diagnostic properties that is able to differentiate sediment sources. In this study a combination of properties was used in different subbasins of Khur-Sefidarak Basin, located in Savojbolagh Township, Alborz Province and the share of each lithological unit on production of suspened load was estimated. By preparing lithological map, lithological units are considered as sediment sources and sediment behind the small dams are considered as deposittional areas. Aboat 43 samples were taken from lithological units and trap sediments of small dams in outlet of different sub basins. Then particle sizes finer than 62.5 µ were seprated and concentration of nine geochemical elements in the samples were obtained. After being certain about absence of outliers data and after using analysis of variance and Kolmogorov-Smirnov Tests, discriminant analysis is used for finding the final proper combination. Among different elements, Ca is the most important element for differentiating geological units in different subbasins of Khor-Sefidarak Basin. Finally, relative importance of each geological unit in producing suspended load was calculated. Results have shown that Zagun and Shemshak Formations have the highest share in sediment production of the area.
