monirsadat tabatabaeezadeh; Ali Akbar Karimian; Mohammad Matinizadeh; Mohammad Hadi Rad; Seyyed Kazem Sabbagh
Abstract
The symbiosis of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi with plants root plays an important role in the sustainability and development of medicinal plant communities in ecosystems which are subject to various physical and ecological pressures.Teucrium polium L. is one of the most important medicinal plants that ...
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The symbiosis of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi with plants root plays an important role in the sustainability and development of medicinal plant communities in ecosystems which are subject to various physical and ecological pressures.Teucrium polium L. is one of the most important medicinal plants that exists in these areas. In this study after identifying three species of mycorrhizal fungi consist of G. rosea، S. constrictum، G. intraradices which were abundant in the soil of the root zone, The spores were propagated separately and a combination of fungi. Then spores were inoculated with T. polium seeds in a completely randomized design with three replications under greenhouse conditions. After the end of growth period, results showed that the highest stem length was related to G. intraradices. The highest fresh and dry weight of shoots (1.61 and 4.34 g) and root dry weight (0.7 g) were related to combined fungi treatment that showed a significant difference with other treatments. Also the combination of fungi had the highest carotenoid concentration (7.32%). Inoculation of plants with fungal treatments of G. rosea, S. constrictum and G. intraradices (separately) also significantly increased chlorophyll (a) concentration compared to control. Eventually, the results showed the beneficial effects of mycorrhizal symbiosis in T. polium plant that combined use of these fungi can have a much greater and better effect on improving plant growth conditions, as fungi exist in form of combination in nature.
Maryam Malekmirzaei; AliAkbar Karimeian
Abstract
Exploitation and extraction of sub products of forests and rangelands have long been important to the human beings and today these products have economic, cultural and social roles in countries where there are forests and rangelands ecosystems, so that ignoring and not paying attention to it would bring ...
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Exploitation and extraction of sub products of forests and rangelands have long been important to the human beings and today these products have economic, cultural and social roles in countries where there are forests and rangelands ecosystems, so that ignoring and not paying attention to it would bring about irreparable problems for megacities. The purpose of the present study the impact of exploitation on the degradation of forests and rangelands is based on the attitude of the villagers.. Data collection included survey, stratified sampling with proportional allocation. 384 questionnaires were examined. The instrument- questionnaires- were validated by the experts and specialists. The reliability of that has been obtained by Cronbach's alpha (0.76). The statistical population included all the villages in Zarinabad with population around 6379 people, according to Morgan’s table 384 people were selected as statistical sample. The results showed that there is a positive and significant relationship between the harvests and the destruction sub products of forests and rangelands. The results also showed that villagers have a positive attitude toward the formation of public co – operatives (p<0.05). Results showed that the formation of cooperatives for utilization, training and supervision of experts to harvest sub product of forest and rangeland are positive and significant effect in reducing degradation of this resources (p<0.05). The results also showed that there is a significant difference between the utilization of forest and pasture sub-products and income, and poverty reduction from the average.
roya vazirian; Ali Akbar Karimian; Alireza Afshani; Mohammad-Taghi Dastorani
Abstract
In Collaborative management of arid regions, it is necessary to analyze the social relationships between farmers. The purpose of this study was to evaluate and analyze the social network of farmers in trust links and to participate in irrigation, marketing and cultivation activities in three villages ...
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In Collaborative management of arid regions, it is necessary to analyze the social relationships between farmers. The purpose of this study was to evaluate and analyze the social network of farmers in trust links and to participate in irrigation, marketing and cultivation activities in three villages of Aryan, Hareth Abad and Robat Sarpush in Sabzevar. For this purpose,in the firstusing with qualitative studies of survey approach,direct observation method and target population interview were identified. Then, the quantitative network analysis method, four important indices consist of "density", "reciprocity", "transitivity" and "average geodesic distance" in the links of trust and participation in agricultural activities of the farmers' network were evaluated. According to the results, the density of the four transplants was higher in Aryan village than the other villages, which is indicating more social cohesion in this village. The results of reciprocity and transitivity indexed in the studied links show more balance, equilibrium and stability of the network in Aryan village than the other villages, thus there is more social capital in this village. The average geodetic distance results also indicate the most favorable geodetic distance among the farmers in Aryan village. Increasing the cohesion and solidarity of these villages will speed up the flow of information and exchange, as well as increase social capital in them, and will help people to coordinate and access each other with less cost and time. Therefore, reinforcing trust and social participation is essential for increasing social capital as a necessity for participatory management
somaye sharifi; fateme mohamadzade; Aliakbar Karimian; Seyyd Hamidreza Mirghaderi
Abstract
Population growth and more demand for food have imposed pressure on natural resources, one of which is conversion of lands to farming land. For example, in some areas people convert slope rangelands around their village to non irrigation farms since they receive enough rain. This factor accelerates the ...
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Population growth and more demand for food have imposed pressure on natural resources, one of which is conversion of lands to farming land. For example, in some areas people convert slope rangelands around their village to non irrigation farms since they receive enough rain. This factor accelerates the decomposition of organic matter and changes other physical and chemical properties of the soil and impacts upon productivity of lands. To protect the soil of these areas, government has implemented many watershed management projects, one of which is conversion of non irrigation farming into the Amygdalus gardens. This study aimed to investigate the impact of non irrigation farming on some physical and chemical properties of soil and economic evaluation of non irrigation wheat and Amygdalus gardens was conducted. For this purpose, soil samples were selected out of three types of lands i.e. rangelands, non irrigation wheat land, and Amygdalus gardens and from the depths of 0-30 and 30-60 cm soil with 3 replications. The results showed that the plan of converting inefficient non irrigation farming to Amygdalus gardens improves soil quality (fertility) in this region. . The results of economic evaluation of different land uses showed that the benefit to cost ratio for non irrigation wheat is 0/57; while that of Amygdalus gardens project is from 2 to 3/7; that is about 4 to 7 times much more. So the project of Amygdalus gardens has increased rural financial power.
