ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Two Stage Multi Attributes Decision Making to Evaluate the Sustainability of Lake Urmia Restoration Alternatives
Owing to the oncoming needs and increasing the population of Lake Urmia Watershed, providing equilibrium between water supply and demand seems quite challenging and the Lake cannot be successful in meeting its ecological demands in this critical condition. In this unfavorable situation, water resources must be managed through a sustainable context. With this knowledge in hand, a multi attributes framework was applied to investigate the preference of supply or conservation alternatives. Preference of sustainable development attributes was calculated in a pairwise hierarchical structure and instead of time-consuming conventional procedure, Absolute Measurement was used that compares qualitative scales instead of alternatives and can overcome the problem of rank reversal in pairwise comparison. Ranks of the Alternatives were evaluated by VIKOR method which can provide a set of compromise solutions instead of one solution. Due to sensitivity analysis performance, VIKOR was introduced as a robust model in ranking the water resources alternatives. With regards to the results of this two-stage hierarchical-compromising approach, dealing with Watershed crisis is depended on organized indigenous collaboration, water use optimization and protecting available natural resources. On the other hand, supplying water by structural development without sustainability consideration would not be effective.
https://jrwm.ut.ac.ir/article_54919_ee3430aa3c3c3651b94cc255ae0887ea.pdf
2015-08-23
197
212
10.22059/jrwm.2015.54919
Water Crisis
Sustainability
Absolute Measurement
hierarchical structure
Vikor
ali
azarnivand
azarnivand_ali@ut.ac.ir
1
PhD student, College of Agriculture & Natural Resources, University of Tehran, Iran.
LEAD_AUTHOR
Mohammad Ebrahim
Banihabib
banihabib.m.e@gmail.com
2
Associate Professor, College of Aburaihan, University of Tehran, Iran.
AUTHOR
[1] Acharya, A., Piechota, T.C., Stephen, H. and Tootle, G. (2011). Modeled streamflow response under cloud seeding in the North Platte River watershed, Journal of Hydrology, 409(1-2), 305-314.
1
[2] Ananda, J. and Herath, G. (2003). The use of Analytic Hierarchy Process to incorporate stakeholder preferences into regional forest planning, Forest Policy and Economics, 5(1), 13-26.
2
[3] Asgharpour, M. (2008). Multi-Criteria Decision Making, 6th edition, University of Tehran (In Persian).
3
[4] Ataie, M. (2010). Multi-Criteria Decision Making, 1st edition, Shahrood University of Technology (In Persian).
4
[5] Azar, A. and Rajabzadeh, A. (2012). Applied Decision Making MADM Approach, 5th edition, Negaheh Danesh (In Persian).
5
[6] Azarnivand, H. and Zareh-Chahouki, A. (2010). Range Improvement, 1st edition, University of Tehran (In Persian).
6
[7] Cai, X., McKinney, D. and Rosegranta, M.W. (2003). Sustainability analysis for irrigation water management in the Aral Sea region, Agricultural Systems, 76(3), 1043-1066.
7
[8] Chang, C. and Hsu, C. (2009). Multi-criteria analysis via the VIKOR method for prioritizing land-use restraint strategies in the Tseng-Wen reservoir watershed, Journal of Environmental Management, 90(11), 3226-3230.
8
[9] Chang, C.L. and Lin, Y.T. (2014). Using the VIKOR method to evaluate the design of a water quality monitoring network in a watershed, International Journal of Environmental Science and Technology, 11(2), 303-310.
9
[10] Daemi, A.R. (2009). Impacts of Climate Change on Lake Urmia, Kondouj Magazine, Guilan Rural Heritage Museum, 5(8), 18-22 (In Persian).
10
[11] De Carvalho, R.C. and Magrini, A. (2006). Conflicts over Water Resource Management in Brazil: A Case Study of Inter-Basin Transfers, Water Resources Management, 20(2), 193-213.
11
[12] Department of environment of I.R.IRAN. (2010). Integrated Management Plan for Lake Urmia Basin.
12
[13] Despic, O. and Simonovic, S.P. (2000). Aggregation operators for soft decision making in water resources, Fuzzy Sets and Systems, 115(1), 11-33.
13
[14] Ebrahimzadeh, I. (2009). Analysis of the Recent Droughts and Lack of Water in Hamoon Lake on Sistan Economic Functions, Iran Water Resources Research, 5(2), 71-76 (In Persian).
14
[15] Ghorbani, M., Mehrabi, A.A., Servati, M. and Nazari Samani, A.A. (2010). An Investigation of the Population Changes on Relationship with Landuse Changes (Case study: Upland watershed of Taleghan), Journal of Natural Environment, Iranian Journal of Natural Resources, 63(4), 75-88 (In Persian).
15
[16] Ghorbani, M., Azarnivand, H., Mehrabi, A.A., Bastani, S., Jafari, M. and Nayebi, H. (2013). Social network analysis: A new approach in policy-making and planning of natural resources co-management, Journal of Natural Environment, Iranian Journal of Natural Resources, 65(4), 553-568 (In Persian).
16
[17] Jaiswal, R.K., Thomas, T., Galkate, R.V., Ghosh, N.C. and Singh, S. (2014). Watershed Prioritization Using Saaty’s AHP Based Decision Support for Soil Conservation Measures, Water Resources Management, 28(2), 475-494.
17
[18] Karamouz, M. (2005). Quantitative and Qualititative Planning and Management of Operating and Allocating Water with Emphasize on Negotiation, Applied Research plan, Water resources company, Technical and Research Department (In Persian).
18
[19] Karamouz, M., Mojahedi, S.A. and Ahmadi, A. (2007). Economic Assessment in Development of Operating Policies for Inter- Basin Water Transfer, Iran Water Resources Research, 3( 2), 10-25 (In Persian).
19
[20] Lennox, J., Proctor, W. and Russell, S. (2011). Structuring stakeholder participation in New Zealand's water resource governance, Ecological Economics, 70(7), 1381-1394.
20
[21] Loucks, D.P. (2000). Sustainable Water Resources Management, International Water Resources Association, 25 (1), 3-10.
21
[22] Ministry of Energy (2000). Annual Report of national water resources and consumption, Tehran (In Persian).
22
[23] Motevallian, S.S., Tabesh, M. and Roozbahani, A. (2011). Sustainability assessment of urban water supply and distribution systems: a case study, The second Iranian National conference on applied research in water resources, Zanjan, Iran. 18-19 May
23
[24] Opricovic, S. (1998). Multicriteria optimization of civil engineering systems, Faculty of Pennsylvania, Belgrade.
24
[25] Opricovic, S. (2011). Fuzzy VIKOR with an application to water resources planning, Expert System Application, 38(10), 12983-12990.
25
[26] Pires, A., Chang, N. and Martinho, G. (2011). An AHP-based fuzzy interval TOPSIS assessment for sustainable expansion of the solid waste management system in Setubal Peninsula, Portugal, Journal of Environmental Management, 92 (4), 1033-1050.
26
[27] Saaty, T. (1980). The Analytic Hierarchy Process: Planning, Priority Setting, Resource, Allocation, MCGraw-Hill, New York, 287p.
27
[28] Saaty, L.T. (2008). Decision making with the analytic hierarchy process, International Journal of Services Sciences, 1(1), 90-94.
28
[29] Sadoddin, A., Halili, M. and Mosaedi, A. (2010). Reservoir Operation Management Using Multicriteria Decision Making Methods in Bustan Dam-Golestan Province, Iranian Journal of Watershed Management Science, 4(11), 25-34 (In Persian).
29
[30] Saffari, N. and Zarghami, M. (2013). Allocating the Surface Water Resources of the Urmia Lake Basin to the Stakeholder Provinces by Distance Based Decision Making Methods, Water and Soil Science, 23(1), 135-149. (In Persian)
30
[31] Salemi, H.R. and Heydari, N. (2006). Assessment of Water Supply and Use in the Zayandeh-Rud River Basin, Iran, Iran Water Resources Research, 2(1), 72-76 (In Persian).
31
[32] Sarandón, R., Novillo, M.G., Muschong, D. and Borges, V.G. (2009). Lacar Lake Demonstration Project for Ecohydrology: Improving land use policy at Lacar Lake Watershed based on an Ecohydrological approach (San Martín de los Andes – Neuquén – R. Argentina), Journal of Ecohydrology and Hydrology, 9(1), 125-134.
32
[33] Sima, S., Ahmadalipour, A. and Tajrishy, M. (2013). Mapping surface temperature in a hyper-saline lake and investigating the effect of temperature distribution on the lake evaporation, Remote Sensing of Environment, 136, 374-385.
33
[34] Wallenius, J., Dyer, J.S., Fishburn, P.C., Steuer, R.E., Zionts, S. and Deb, K. (2008). Multiple criteria decision making, multiattribute utility theory: recent accomplishments and what lies ahead, Management Science, 54(7), 1336-1349.
34
[35] Yilmaz, B. and Harmancioglu, N.B. (2010). Multi-criteria decision making for water resource management: a case study of the Gediz River Basin, Turkey, Water SA, 36(5), 568-574.
35
[36] WCED. (1987). Our Common Future: The Brundtland Report, Oxford, Oxford University Press, 236p.
36
[37] Zarghami, M. and Ehsani, I. (2011). Evaluation of different Group Multi-Criteria Decision Making Methods in Selection of Water Transfer Projects to Urmia Lake Basin, Iran Water Resources Research, 7(2), 1-14 (In Persian).
37
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Comparison of Neuro-fuzzy and SCS methods in sub-watersheds prioritization for watershed measures (Case study: Taleghan watershed)
Because of insufficient factors including facilities, budget, human resources as well as time watershed operation is not applicable throughout the basin. As a result, watershed operation should be performed in the sub-basins in which is more affectionate and the risk frequency of some events such as destruction, degradation; physical and financial damage and also flooding are considerably high. In addition, due to hydrometric stations, defects or the lack of stations in some areas, some efforts have been made experts recently to assess and consequently introduce some novel and reliable methods for prioritizing on the basis of current data obtained from sub-basins features of different geographical regions. In current study, the utilization possibilities of neuro-fuzzy technique and SCS in HEC-HMS model that have different potential to examine a wide range of advantageous and disadvantageous in making various decisions were studied. To determine the prediction accuracy of these methods, the rate of flow and sediment output of Taleghan sub-basins were taken over one year. The results of these methods were then compared with the maximum two-year return period flow observations. Our results revealed that in making prioritization, neuro-fuzzy as compared with the SCS method can produce the best prediction as long as the coefficients of errors, efficiency compared to the observational data and predictions are taken into account.
https://jrwm.ut.ac.ir/article_54922_2364e449608c01821ca36bca4bf11a19.pdf
2015-08-23
213
225
10.22059/jrwm.2015.54922
neuro-fuzzy
SCS
Prioritization
Flooding
Taleghan watershed
Sadegh
Tali-Khoshk
sadeghtali@gmail.com
1
Ph. D. student in Watershed Management, Sari Agricultural and Natural Resources University, I.R. Iran
AUTHOR
Mohsen
Mohseni Saravi
msaravi@ut.ac.ir
2
Professors, Faculty of Natural Resources, University of Tehran, I.R. Iran
LEAD_AUTHOR
Mahadi
Vatakhah
vafakhah@modares.ac.ir
3
Assistant professor, Faculty of Natural Resources, Tarbiat Modares University, I.R. Iran
AUTHOR
Shahram
Khalighi-Sigarodi
khalighi@ut.ac.ir
4
Associate professor, Faculty of Natural Resources, University of Tehran, I.R. Iran
AUTHOR
[1] Aqil, M., Kita, I., Yano, A. and Nishiyama, S. (2007a). Analysis and prediction of flow from local source in a river basin using a Neuro-fuzzy modeling tool, Journal of Environmental Management, 85, 215-223.
1
[2] Aqil, M., Kita, I., Yano, A. and Nishiyama, S. (2007b). A comparative study of artificial neural networks and neuro-fuzzy in continuous modeling of the daily and hourly behaviour of runoff, Journal of Hydrology, 337, 22-34.
2
[3] Arbind, K., Verma, M., Rajesh, K. and Mahana, K. (2010). Evaluation of HEC-HMS and WEPP for simulating watershed runoff using remote sensing and geographical information system, Paddy Water Environ, 8, 131-144.
3
[4] Bhola, K., Punit and Singh, A. (2010). Rainfall-runoff modeling of river Kosi using SCS-CN method and ANN, Bachelor thesis, Rourkela.
4
[5] Chen, S., Lin, Y., Chang, L. and Chang, F. (2006). The strategy of building a flood forecast model by neuro fuzzy network, Hydrological processes, 20, 1525-1540.
5
[6] Fathabadi, A. (2007). River flow prediction by Neurofuzzy and time series analysis, M.Sc. thesis, Tehran University.
6
[7] Firat, M. and Güngör, M. (2007). River flow estimation using adaptive neuro fuzzy inference system, Mathematics and Computers in Simulation, 75, 87-96.
7
[8] Foody, G., Ghoneim, E. and Arnell, W. (2004). Predicting Location Sensitive to Flash Flooding in Arid Environment, Journal of Hydrology, 292, 48-58.
8
[9] Han, J. (2002). Application of artificial neural networks for flood warning systems, Ph.D. thesis, North Carolina University.
9
[10] Jahangir, A. (2004). Rainfall-runoff simulation with artificial neural network (ANN) and HEC-HMS model in Kardeh watershed, M.Sc. thesis, Sari University.
10
[11] Jahangir, A., Raeini, M. and Ahmadi, M.Z. (2008). Rainfall-runoff simulation with artificial neural network (ANN) and HEC-HMS model in Kardeh watershed, Water and Soil Journal, 22, 72-84.
11
[12] Jang, J.S. (1993). ANFIS: adaptive-network-based fuzzy inference system, IEEE Transactions on Systems, Management and Cybernetics, 23, 665-685.
12
[13] Khedri-Tajan, B. (2003). Application of fuzzy logic in prioritizing watershed management operations in the Shahrestanak watershed, M.Sc. thesis, Tarbiat Modares, 110pp.
13
[14] Khosravi, M. (2008). Flood forecasting by artificial neural networks and emprical equations (Case study: Taleghan watershed), M.Sc. thesis, Tehran University.
14
[15] Khosroshahi, M. and Saghafian, B. (2003). Determination of sub-basins Participation in flood density, Pajouhesh va Sazandegi, 16, 67-75.
15
[16] Kisi, O., Haktanir, T., Ardiclioglu, M., Ozturk, O., Yalcin, E. and Uludag, S. (2009). Adaptive neuro-fuzzy computing technique for suspended sediment estimation, Advances in Engineering Software, 40, 438-444.
16
[17] Klausmeyer, K. (2005). Effects of climate change on the hydrology of upper Alameda Creek, M.Sc. thesis, University of California.
17
[18] Kurtulus, B. and Razack, M. (2010). Modeling daily discharge responses of a large karstic aquifer using soft computing methods: Artificial neural network and neuro-fuzzy, Journal of Hydrology, 381, 101-111.
18
[19] Mahdavi, M. (2002). Applied Hydrology, 2nd Volume, University of Tehran Press.
19
[20] Nayak, P.C., Sudheer, K.P., Rangan, D.M. and Ramasastri, K.S. (2004). A neuro-fuzzy computing technique for modeling hydrological time series, Journal of Hydrology, 291, 52-66.
20
[21] Roughani, M., Ghafouri, M. and Tabatabaei, M. (2007). An innovative methodology for the prioritization of sub-catchments for flood control, International Journal of Applied Earth Observation and Geoinformation, 9, 79-87.
21
[22] Salajeghe, A. and Fathabadi, A. (2009). Suspended sediment evaluation by fuzzy logic and artifial network, Iranian Journal of Natural Resources (Range and Watershed Management), 62, 271-282.
22
[23] Talei, A., Chua, L.H. and Quek, C. (2010). A novel application of a neuro-fuzzy computational technique in event-based rainfall-runoff modeling, Expert Systems with Applications, 37, 7456-7468.
23
[24] Trahan, M. (2005). Hydrology model of the silver river watershed Baraga country, M.Sc. thesis, Michigan Technological University.
24
[25] USACE (2000). HEC-HMS Technical Manual, Hydrologic Engineering Center, Davis.
25
[26] USDI (1975). Water measurement manual, United States government printing office, bureau of reclamation, Washington.
26
[27] Vafakhah, M. (2008). Simulating snow discharge by artifical neural network, fuzzy logic and measurment data of snow in Taleghan watershed, Ph.D. thesis, Tehran University.
27
[28] Vafakhah, M. (2012). Application of artificial neural networks and adaptive neuro-fuzzy inference system models to short-term streamflow forecasting, Canadian Journal of Civil Engineering, 39, 402-414.
28
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Investigation of relationships between soil physiochemical attributes
And vegetation covers for recognition of index species in Savog-bolagh region
Investigation of relationships between soil
The purpose of this research is investigation of relationship between vegetation cover and soil characteristics and determination of the most important soil factor that effects on quantity variations and kinds of vegetation cover in the study area. The study area is located in west of Tehran province and south eastern of Hashtgerd, next to Najm-abad village. After field study, the index vegetation types were selected and randomized-systematic sampling method has been used for soil and vegetation cover sampling in each of key area. The area of each plot was determined according to kind of plant species and species distribution using minimum area method. Some vegetation cover parameters such as canopy cover percentage, density and frequency of plant species were measured in the area. Then soil sampling were done from 2 horizon 0-10 cm and 10-30 cm in each plot and soil attributes such as texture, pH, organic carbon percentage and gypsum were measured in soil laboratory. Afterwards statistical methods like multivariate regression, analysis of variance and statistical techniques were used for analyzing of soil and vegetation cover data. Results showed that there is not any specific difference between soil and vegetation data except for gypsum. In other words the effective factor on vegetation cover variation was soil gypsum.
https://jrwm.ut.ac.ir/article_54925_f8c8c7492ff4360044ab94c1201e79cd.pdf
2015-08-23
227
245
10.22059/jrwm.2015.54925
Savog-bolagh Rangeland
Vegetation types
Soil characteristics
Analysis of Variance
RDA technique
Mohammad
Jafari
jafary@ut.ac.ir
1
Professor, Faculty of Natural Resources, University of Tehran, Karaj, I.R. Iran
AUTHOR
Mohammad
Tahmoures
tahmoures@ut.ac.ir
2
PhD Student, Faculty of Natural Resources, University of Tehran, Karaj, I.R. Iran
LEAD_AUTHOR
Mohsen
Naghiloo
m.tnaghilou@gmail.com
3
MSc. Graduate, International Desert Research Center, University of Tehran, I.R. Iran
AUTHOR
[1] Asri, y. (2001). Investigation on plant sociology of Sefid koh protected area, J. Natural, Res, 54, 423-440 (In Persian).
1
[2] Allison, J. (1985). Soil Conservation Legislation in Australia, University of Adlaide Printing Department, Adelaide.
2
[3] Azarnivand, H, jafari, M, Moghadam, m.R, Jalili, A. and Zare chhouki, M.A. (2003). The effects of soil characteristics and elevation on distribution of two Artemisia species, Iranian j.Natural, Res., 56(1, 2) (In Persian).
3
[4] Baghestani meybodi, N. (1998). Investigation on plant sociology based on geomorphological units and soil Ndoshan reign, M.S thesis, natural resources college, University of Tehran (In Persian).
4
[5] Bawman, R.A., Muller, D.M. and McGirnies, W.J. (2004). Soil and vegetation relationship in central plains saltgrass meadaw, J. Rang management ,38, 325-328.
5
[6] Beno, B. (1996). Plant as soil indicators along the Saudi coast of the Arabian Gulf, Journal of Arid Environment, 199, 261-266.
6
[7] Boer, B.E. and Sargeant, D.O. (1998). Desert perennials as plant soil indicator in eastern Arabia, j. plant and soil, 1999, 261-266.
7
[8] Byoeng, Mee Min and Jong, Geelje (2002). Typical coastal vegetation of Korea.
8
[9] Bouyoucous, M. (2004). Soil and vegetation relationship in central plains saltgrass meadaw, J. Rang management, 38, 325-328.
9
[10] Carneval N.J. and Torres, P.S. (1990). The relevance of physical factors on species distribution, in inland salt marshes (Argentina) Coenoses, 5(2), 113-120.
10
[11] Cartter, R.E., Saffigna, P., Vanclay, F. and McTainsh, G. (1993). Social bases of farmer responses to land degradation, in Chisholm, A. and Dumsday, R. (eds.), Land Degradation, Cambridge University Press, Sydney, pp. 187-201.
11
[12] Hosyni tavasoli, M. (2003). The relationships between soil characteristics and some rangeland species, Agriculture and Resources Sciences of Gorgan j., , 115-130 (In Persian).
12
[13] jafari, M., Zare chhouki, M.A. (2005). The relationships between soil characteristics and vegetation in Ghom province rangelands Pajohesh and Sazandegi J.,9(4), 11o-117 (In Persian).
13
[14] Jansen, M. (1989). Soil moisture regimes some rangeland of Southern Idaho, Soil Science Soc. Amer, 48, 1328- 1330.
14
[15] Kajeldahl, D. (1983). Does soil erosion matter to people in metropolitan Sydney, Australian Journal of Soil and Water Conservation, 3(1), 29-32.
15
[16] Kleiner, E.F. and Harper, K.T. (1997). Occurrence of four major perennial grasses in relation to edaphic factors in a pristine community, J. Range Management, 30, 280-289.
16
[17] Leonard, S.G. and Burkhartal, J.W. (2005). Vegetation–soil relationship of arid and semi arid rang land.
17
[18] Mc Cune, B. and Mefford, M.J. (1997). PC- ORD. Multivariate Analysis of Ecological Data Version 3.0.MjM Software Design, Gleneden Beach, OR.
18
[19] Mesdaghi, M.A. (2005). Plant ecology, Mashhad university press, pp 187.
19
[20] Noy-Meir, I., Tadmor, N.H. and Orsham, G. (1970). Multivariate analysis of desert vegetation, Israel J. Botony, 19, 550-561.
20
[21] Olsen, M. (1990). Land Conservation Policies and Farmer Decision-Making, Australian Journal of Soil and Water Conservation, 3(1), 6-13.
21
[22] Toranjzar, H. (2004). Investigation on ecological effect on vegetation distribution in Veshnoh rangeland, M.S thesis,natural resources college, University of Tehran (In Persian).
22
[23] Walkly, J. and Black, R.J. (1934). Legal issues and institutional constraints, in A. Chisholm and R. Dumsday (eds.), Land degradation: Problems and Policies, Cambridge University Press, Melbourne.
23
[24] Zahran M.A. and Willis A.J. (1992). The vedetation of Egypt chapman and Hal, London, 424pp.
24
[25] Zare chhouki, M.A. (2001). The relationships between soil chemistry and physical characteristics and some rangeland species in Poshtkoh range of Yazd province. M.S thesis, natural resources college, University of Tehran (In Persian).
25
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Assessment of Desertification Density Using IMDPA Model
(Case study: Shahr-Babak plain, Kerman Province)
To assessment and preparation of desertification mapping, much research has been conducted ever within and outside the country that has led to numerous regional models. To provide a regional model and quantitative assessment of current state of desertification, ShahrBabak plain with an area of 4112 square kilometers (Km2) located in the Northwest of Kerman province were considered. In this study, to assess the severity of desertification using thirteen indices that five of them based on groundwater and include: electrical conductivity (EC), sodium absorption ratio (SAR), chloride (Cl), drop of groundwater and water table depth and three of them based on climate data and included: annual rainfall, Transeau drought index, drought index and also three of them based on vegetation and included: Conditions, exploitation and restoration of vegetation, water erosion and irrigation methods in format of desertification Iranian model IMDPA to investigation and determine the class of desertification intensity were done in each of work units. The final score of each of work units and then total area were determined using Geometric average from any of the mentioned indices. Finally the current status of desertification intensity classes were estimated in low, medium, high and very high classes. The results indicated that in the regional proposed model, the study area with respect to intensity of desertification is placed in about 61351 ha (14.92 %) in low class and about 138575 ha (33.7%) in medium class, about 117685 ha (28.62 %) in high class and about 93589 ha (22.76 %) in very high class. Also the weight average of quantitative value estimated 2.06 in total area that it indicated the medium desertification class in the total area.
https://jrwm.ut.ac.ir/article_54927_1959bb945f130ba314aef7782d997895.pdf
2015-08-23
247
267
10.22059/jrwm.2015.54927
groundwater
Desertification
IMDPA model
ShahrBabak
Afshin
Jahanshahi
afshin.jahanshahi@yahoo.com
1
PhD Student, Sari Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources University, Sari, , I.R. Iran
AUTHOR
Alireza
Moghaddamnia
a.moghaddamnia@ut.ac.ir
2
Associate Professor, Faculty of Natural Resources, University of Tehran, Karaj, I.R. Iran
AUTHOR
Hasan
Khosravi
hakhosravi@ut.ac.ir
3
Assistant Professor, Faculty of Natural Resources, University of Tehran, Karaj, I.R. Iran
LEAD_AUTHOR
[1] Abdi, J. (2008). Assessment and mapping of desertification with IMDPA model based on two criteria in water & soil in Zeidabad area. M.sc. Dissertation, Faculty of Natural resources, University of Tehran, 114pp.
1
[2] Ahmadi, H. (1995). Investigation of effective factors in desertification, Journal of Forest and Range, 62, 66-70.
2
[3] Ahmadi, H. (2004). The final report describes the formulation of a comprehensive service plan and methodology specifying the evaluation criteria and indicators of desertification in Iran, Faculty of Natural Resources, University of Tehran.
3
[4] Ahmadi, H. (2005). The final report describes the formulation of a comprehensive service plan and methodology of the evaluation criteria and indicators of desertification in Iran, Faculty of Natural Resources, University of Tehran.
4
[5] Azarnivand, H. and Zare Chahuki, M.A. (2009). Introduce a measure of vegetation indices to evaluate the severity of desertification, Journal of social and economic Forest and Range, 78, 15 pp.
5
[6] Bakhshandeh Mehr, L. (2008). Quantitive assessment of desertification present status in east of Isfahan and a regional model development with emphasis on MEDALUS method, M.sc. Dissertation, University of Isfahan.
6
[7] Ekhtesasi, M.R. and Mohajeri, S. (2001). Classification and methods of Desertification intensity in Iran, Proceedings of the 2th National Conference of desertification and desertification methods, Department of Construction Jahad Ministry of Education and Research, Research Institute of Forest, Rangeland and Watershed, Kerman, Iran.
7
[8] Esfandiari, M. and Hakimzade, M.A., Ekhtesasi, M.R., Zehtabian, GH.R. (2009). Assessment of Desertification in density as a result of water by IMDPA model, (case study: Toshak, Fars), 1th International Water Management Conference, University of Shahrood.
8
[9] FAO\UNEP. (1984). Provisional Methodology for Assessment and Mapping of Desertification, Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, United Nations Environmental Program, Rome, 73pp.
9
[10] Giordano, L., Grauso, S., Lannetta, M., Scicortino, M., Bonnati, G. and Borfecchia, F. (2002). Desertification vulnerability in Sicily. Proc. Of the 2nd Int. Conference on New Trend in Water and Enviromental Engineering for safety and Life Eco-compatible solutions for Aquatic Environmental, Capri, Italy.
10
[11] Halilab Consulting Engineers (2011). Semi-detailed study of Shahr-Babak groundwater resources, Kerman province Regional Water Company, 69pp.
11
[12] Jahanshahi, A. (2012). Spatial variability analysis of groundwater quality and quantity in Shahr Babak plain using geostatistic and GIS. M.sc. Dissertation, University of Zabol, 178pp.
12
[13] Kerman province Natural Resources Organization (2010). Shahrbabak Plain watershed studies, 143pp.
13
[14] Kheirabi, J. (1995). Methodes modernes des irrigations de surface et par aspersion, University of Tehran press, 382pp.
14
[15] Khosravi, H. (2012). Desertification monitoring and early warning system model, Ph.D. Dissertation, University of Tehran (Case study: Kashan Plain).
15
[16] Lavado Conntador, J.F., Schnabel, S., Mezo Gutierrez, A.G. and Pulido, F.M. (2008). Mapping Sensivity to land degradation Ex-tremadura, SW Spain, 1(1), 25-41.
16
[17] Meteorological organization in Kerman province (2012). Analysis of weather in Kerman province, 32pp.
17
[18] Nateghi, S. (2008). Assessment of desertification intensity in Sagzi area with IMDPA model with emphasis on issues of water and vegetation, M.sc. Dissertation, University of Tehran.
18
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19
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[22] Sepehr, M. (2006). Quantitative Assessment of Desertification status using GIS and RS to provide a regional model (with an emphasis on MEDALUS Model), M.sc. Dissertation, University of Shiraz.
22
[23] Shokouhi, E., Zehtabian, GH. and Tavili, A. (2012). Zoning status of desertification, Journal of Range and Watershed, 65(4), 517-528.
23
[24] Yekom Consulting Engineers (2009). Environmental studies and consumptions of Shahr-Babak plain, Kerman province Regional Water Company. 186pp.
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[25] Zakerinejad, R., Masoudi, M., Afzali, F. and Falah, R. (2011). Assessment of Desertification using groundwater criteria and GIS (case study: Zarin Dasht, Fars), Journal of Irrigation and Water Engineering, 7, 1-10.
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[26] Zehtabian, GH.R., Azareh, A., Nazari Samani, A. and Khosravi, H. (2013). Effect of Water and Agriculture Criteria on Desertification (Case study: Garmsar plain), International Journal of Agronomy and Plant Production, 4(7), 1721-1730.
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[27] Zehtabian, GH.R., Javadi, M.R., Ahmadi, H. and Azarnivand, H. (2006). Investigation on effect of wind erosion on increasing of desertification Intensity and presenting of regional desertification model in Mahan Basin, Journal of Research and Development in Natural Resources (Pajouhesh & Sazandegi), 73, 65-75.
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[28] Zolfaghari, F., Shahriari, A., Fakhireh, A., Rashaki, A., Noori, S. and Khosravi, H. (2010). Assessment of desertification potential using IMDPA model in Sistan plain, Journal of Watershed Management Research (Pajouhesh & Sazandegi), 91, 97-107.
28
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Comparison of the ecological amplitude of Festuca ovina L., and Poa bulbosa L.,to some environmental variables using the function HOF (Case study: Rangeland of Glandrood Watershed)
The present study was conducted in the rangeland of Glandrood watershed in the province of Mazandaran. The objective of this study was to compare between the ecological amplitude of Festuca ovina L., and Poa bulbosa L., using the function HOF along the gradient of the environmental variables. For this purpose 150 plots of 1m2 were established along the altitude gradient. The sampling method was randomized-systematic. In the area sampled, frequency of Festuca ovina and Poa bulbosa, altitude and slope were recorded. Soil samples were taken from 0-20 cm in each plot. In each sample, bulk density, pH, N, EC, organic matter, organic carbon, the percentage of sand, silt and clay were measured. In order to study the shape of response curve and the ecological optimum in relation to the mentioned variables, HOF function was used with binomial distribution function. The data were analyzed by R ver.3.0.2 software. The two species Festuca ovina and Poa bulbosa, mainly showed different ecological amplitude along the gradient environmental variables. The results showed that the ecological amplitude and optimum alonge altitude gradient for Festuca ovina has been recorded 2244-3037m and 3037m respectively for Poa bulbosa 2335-3037m and 2636 m respectively. Also the response curve of Poa bulbosato the altitude has unimodal and symmetric but for Festuca ovina was monotonically increasing trend. The response curve ofPoa bulbosato pH is monotonically decreasing but for Festuca ovina was unimodals symmetric.
https://jrwm.ut.ac.ir/article_54930_85fe9f3521ddd9e96341a47e1c4214c1.pdf
2015-08-23
269
285
10.22059/jrwm.2015.54930
HOF function
ecological amplitude
Ecological optimum
response curve
Festuca ovina and Poa bulbosa
Ghasem Ali
Dianati Tilaki
dianatitilaki@yahoo.com
1
Associate Professor, Department of Rangeland Management, Faculty of Natural Resources, Tarbiat Modares University
LEAD_AUTHOR
Ali
Mohammadsharifi
ali_sharifi131@yahoo.com
2
2M.Sc. Student, Department of Rangeland Management, Faculty of Natural Resources, Tarbiat Modares University
AUTHOR
Seyed Jalil
Alavi
sja_sari@yahoo.com
3
Assistant Professor, Department of Forestry, Faculty of Natural Resources, Tarbiat Modares University
AUTHOR
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1
]2[ Akbarzade, M. and Shahmoradi, A. (2004). Investigation some of Characteristic Festucaovina Species in Mazanderan province Rangelalnd, Articles Collection Third National Conference rangeland and Range Management in Iran, Tehran, Iran, pp.222-231.
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]5[ Austin, M.P. (2002). Spatial prediction of species distribution: an interface between ecological theory and statistical modelling, Ecological modeling, 157(2), 101-118.
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]16[ Ghlichnia, H. (2006). Research Report Rangeland evaluation in different climates, Research Institute of Forests and Rangelands, 110p.
16
]17[ Ghorbani, A., Sharifieniarogh, J.A., Kavianpoor, Malekpoor, B. and Mirzaee, F. (2013). Investigation on ecological characteristics of Festuca ovina L. in south-eastern rangelands of Sabalan, Journal of Range and Desert Research, 2(2), 379-396.
17
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]23[ Karimi, H. (1990). Range management, Tehran University publications, 131p.
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30
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31
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Social Monitoring in Local Stakeholders Network to Water Resources Local Governance (Case Study: Razin Watershed, Kermanshah City)
Water resources local governance can is one of the most influential collaborative approach in the water resources management. Social monitoring of local stakeholders plays an important role in planning, resources management and water efficient governance. Therefore to achieve this goal, social network analysis has been considered as an approach of analysis of the relationship among local stakeholders, in order to sustainable management of water resources. This study aims to social monitoring in local stakeholders network using social network analysis in Razin watershed located in Kermanshah province. This work based on social network analysis approach as method with emphasis on trust and collaboration ties and quantitative and mathematical indicators on the macro-level of local stakeholders network (Density, Centralization, Reciprocity and Geodesic Distances). The results showed that the level of social capital in the village has been measured weak. The degree of reciprocity indicator for trust and collaboration ties and the stability of network is weak. Also the level of correlation between trust and collaboration is 37 percent. The results of the mean geodesic distance on the basis of trust and collaboration ties showed that circulation velocity of trust and collaboration is moderate to low. Can be concluded on the basis of the results, weak social capital and low union between stakeholders, makes reduce circulation of trust and collaboration and therefore local governance of water resources in the region is challenged
https://jrwm.ut.ac.ir/article_54931_d66da19a7eb83f21f2b1489f04d44e3e.pdf
2015-08-23
287
305
10.22059/jrwm.2015.54931
Social monitoring
Water Local Governance
Social capital
Local Stakeholders Network
Razin Village
Fatemeh
Salari
fatemehsalari@ut.ac.ir
1
MSc Student of Watershed Management, Faculty of Natural Resources, University of Tehran, Iran
AUTHOR
Mehdi
Ghorbani
mehghorbani@ut.ac.ir
2
Assistant Prof., Faculty of Natural resources, University of Tehran, Iran.
LEAD_AUTHOR
Arash
Malekian
malekian@ut.ac.ir
3
: Assistant Prof., Faculty of Natural resources, University of Tehran,Iran
AUTHOR
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1
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[5] Berkes, F. (2010). Devolution of environment and resources governance: trends and future, Environ. Conserv, 37, 489e500.
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[6] Bindra, S.P., Hamid, A., Salem, H., Hamuda, Kh. and Abulifa, S. (2014). Sustainable integrated water resources management for energy production and food security in Libya, Procedia Technology, 12, 747-752.
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[7] Bisung, E. and Elliott, S. (2014). Toward a social capital based framework for understanding the water-health nexus, Journal of Social Science & Medicine, 108, 194-200.
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9
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10
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17
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45
[46] Shafiaa, S. (2009). Relation to social inclusion and sustainable development of the local residents of informal settlements. MSc. Dissertation, Department of Urban Management, Allameh Tabataba'i University.
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[50] UNDP (2007). Water Governance Facility. http://www.watergovernance.org/
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55
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Effect of check dams on time of concentration and reduction of flood peak
(Case study: Gash watershed)
Check dams, are small dams in the watershed. These dams are constructed in susceptible areas to erosion due to reduce of flow velocity and erosion, control of sediment and flood in upstream of reservoir dams. These structures are made using wood, stone and cement, and Gabion. These structures change the hydrological response of the watershed by reducing flow velocity, the channel slope and storage of flow.
Analyzed the effects of these dams before making can be deciding on the correct and efficient implementation of the project as well as better management in order to achieve various objectives effectively. Since the constructions of these dams are effective on flood behavior, this research aims to impact of check dams on time of concentration and reduction of flood peak discharge in the Gash watershed. In this research are used from Puls method for flood routing in reservoir and Muskingum method for flood routing in river due to evaluate the impact of dams, and also flood hydrograph with 25 to 100 year return period was simulated the situation before and after construction of dams. The results showed that the proposed check dams are reduced peak of flow between 75 to 97 percent and flood volume from 73 to 98 percent that shows the positive effects of the construction of these dams in reducing the peak of flow and flood volume. In addition, in different return period with increasing peak of flow and flood volume, reservoir role in reducing peak of flood discharge and flood volume will be decreased. Also time of concentration will be increased between 0.26 to 0.98 hours by Construction of check dams.
https://jrwm.ut.ac.ir/article_54932_2b53143fd183b9261f4cadf0a803363b.pdf
2015-08-23
307
322
10.22059/jrwm.2015.54932
flood routing in reservoir
flood routing in rivers
flood peak flow
Check dams
hydrologic reaction
Gash watershed
Bita
Shiravi
bita.shiravi@gmail.com
1
M. Sc. Student, Faculty of Natural Resources and Environment, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Iran.
AUTHOR
Ali
Golkarian
golkarian@um.ac.ir
2
Assistant prof, Faculty of Natural Resources and Environment, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad,Iran.
LEAD_AUTHOR
Ali
Abotalebi pirnaeemi
goolebiibi@yahoo.com
3
M. Sc., Faculty of Natural Resources and Environment, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad,Iran
AUTHOR
[1] Abbasizadeh, M., Mahdavi, M. and Salajegheh, A. (2010). Evaluation performance of Hydrological flood routing method in Dez river, Journal of physical Geography, 3, 63-75.
1
[2] Dabiri, S.S., Sofi, M. and Talbbedokhti, N. (2014). Effect of watershed check dams in control sediment (case study: Eghlid & Marvdasht & Mamsani watershed), Journal of water Resources Engineering, 6, 1-21.
2
[3] Eskandari, M., Dasturani, M.T., Ftahi, A. and Nasri, A. (2012). Evaluation of Watershed Management actions on Zayanderood watershed (case study: sub catchment), Third National Conference on Integrated Water Resources Management.
3
[4] Francis, J. and Keith, H. (2005). Changes in hydrologic regime by dams, Journal of Geomorphology, 71, 61-78.
4
[5] Gill, M. A. (1979). Critical Examination of the Muskingum Method, Nordic Hydrology, 10, 10-15.
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[6] Golrang, B.M., Lai, F.S., Sadeghi, S.H.R., Khamurudin, M.N., Kamziah, Abd Kudus., Mashayekhi, M. and Bagherian, R. (2013). Assessment of watershed management implemented on springal peak flood discharge and flood volume, using HEC-HMS model, Nature and Science,11, 6-12.
6
[7] Graff, W. (2006). Downstream hydrologic and geomorphic effects of large dams on American rivers, Geomorphology, 79, 336-360.
7
[8] Hashemi, S.A.A. (2013). Effect of Rock check dams on flood reducing in Arid and Semi arid regions (case study :Darjazin watershed in semnan province), J. sci. & Technol. Agric. & Natur. Resour., Water and soil sci., 66(17), 160-171.
8
[9] Iranian Hydraulic Association., hydraulic newsletter. (2001). 23 p.
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[10] Karimizadeh, K. (2009). Technical assessment of watershed management measures effects on flood (case study: Sira-Kalvan watershed), MSc. Thesis, Tehran university, 104 pp.
10
[11] Lammersen, R., Engel, H., Langemheen, W.V.D. and Buiteveld, H. (2002). Impact of river training and retention measures on flood peaks along the Rhine, Journal of Hydrology, 267, 115-124.
11
[12] Mahdavi, M. (2011). Applied Hydrology, 7ed Edition, University of Tehran press, 437p.
12
[13] Nourali Ghazimahalleh, M., Najafi nejad, A. and Noura, N. (2008). The study of performance of Nowkandeh multipurpose dam for flood control by using HEC-HMS model in province of Golestan, J. Agric . Sci. Natur. Resour., 15, 13p.
13
[14] Polyakov, V.O., Nichols, M.H., McClaran, M.P. and Nearing, M.A. (2014). Effect of check dams on runoff, sediment yield, and retention on small semiarid watersheds. Journal of soil and water conservation, 69, 414-421.
14
[15] Roshani, R. (2003). Evaluating the effect of check dams on flood peaks to optimize the flood control (Kan case study in Iran), International institute for geo information science and earth observation enschede, The Netherlands, 43pp.
15
[16] Roughani, M. (2012). Surveying the roles of soil and water conservation structures in runoff control and storage (Case Study in Hydarie Catchment), Watershed Management Research (Pajouhesh & Sazandegi), 96, 36-44.
16
[17] Sanei, M., Moteei, M. and Hoseni, S.A. (2005). Determination of flow velocity by power method in channels of with steep qradient, 5th Conference of Hydraulic, Kerman, Iran.
17
[18] Singh, V.P. and McCann, R.C. (1980). Some Notes on Muskingum Method of Flood Routing, Journal of Hydrology, 48, 343-361.
18
[19] Soltani, M., Ekhtesasi, M., Talebi, A., Poraghnai, M. and Sarsangi, A. (2011). Effect of check dams on reduction of flood peak (case study: Manshad watershed), Watershed management research (pajouhesh & sazandegi), 93, 46-54.
19
[20] Tajeki, M. (2007). Evaluation of watershed activities on flood and sedimention (case study: Ramian watershed), MSc. thesis, Gorgan University of Agricaltural Sciences & Natural Resources, 138 pp.
20
[21] Torabi Haghighi, A., Marttila, H. and Klove, B. (2014). Development of a new andex to assess river regime impacts after dam construction, Golbal and planetary change journal, 122, 186-196.
21
[22] Yoshikawaa, N., Nagaob, N. and Misawac, S. (2010). Evaluation of the flood mitigation effect of a Paddy Field Dam project, Agricultural Water Management, 97, 259-270.
22
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Analysis of Intra-Storm Suspended Sediment Delivery Processes from Different Tributaries to the Lake Zarivar using Hysteresis Patterns
The behavior of suspended sediment during flood events is not only a function of energy conditions, i.e. sediment is stored at low flow and transported under high flow conditions, but also is related to the variations in sediment supply and sediment depletion. These changes in sediment availability result in so-called hysteresis effects. Therefore, Hysteresis pattern analysis is of great importance in sediment studies in the watersheds. However, their analyses has been rarely considered. In this study, based on the discharge and sediment concentration data collected from 8 storm events occurred during March 2 011 to April 2012, event suspended sediment dynamics of 7 tributaries of the Lake Zarivar watershed was investigated using hysteresis patterns. Based on the fact that all sampling points were not active in all events, about 46 hysteresis patterns were obtained. The analysis of results showed that 16, 13, 11, and 6 events had clockwise, irregular, complex and counterclockwise patterns, respectively. Small tributaries of the Zarivar lake watershed showed the rapid responses to the variation of storm intensity and the most hydrographs of different storms were multi peak discharges and consequently high suspended sediment variations led to different hysteresis patterns. The diversity of patterns suggested that the detailed processes of sediment transport were not only complicated during one event but also varied from event to event. The reasonable and statistically significant relationship (p<0.05) between suspended sediment yield and peak discharge of each sampling point indicated that the data from all events may be statistically well described by a simple regression equation, regardless of different inter and intra-storm variations of the suspended sediment.
https://jrwm.ut.ac.ir/article_54933_cb9c0cc6047a5b3170267eca7bb9b60f.pdf
2015-08-23
323
340
10.22059/jrwm.2015.54933
Peak Discharge
Sediment yield
Temporal variation of sediment
Suspended Sediment
Sedimentgrap
Seyed Hamidreza
Sadeghi
sadeghi@modares.ac.ir
1
Professor, Dept. of Watershed Management Engineering, Faculty of Natural Resources, Tarbiat Modares University, Noor, Iran
LEAD_AUTHOR
Shirkouh
Ebrahimi Mohammadi
shirkoebrahimi@uok.ac.ir
2
Assistant Prof., Dept. of Range and Watershed Management, University of Kurdistan, Iran
AUTHOR
Kamran
Chapi
k.chapi@uok.ac.ir
3
Assistant Prof., Dept. of Range and Watershed Management, University of Kurdistan, Iran
AUTHOR
[1] Asselman, N.E.M. (1999). Suspended sediment dynamics in a large drainage basin: the River Rhine, Hydrological Processes 13, 1437-1450.
1
[2] Bayat, R., Ghermez cheshme, B. and Khaledian, H. (2013). Investigation of relationship between meteorological characteristics and soil erosion of Zarivar lake, 1st Conference of Semi-arid Zone Hydrology, April 23-25, Kurdistan, Sanandaj, Iran, 5 p (in Persian).
2
[3] Brasington, J. and Richards, K. (2000). Turbidity and suspended sediment dynamics in small catchments in the Nepal Middle Hills, Hydrological Processes 14, 2559-2574.
3
[4] di Cenzo, P.D. and Luk, S. (1997). Gully erosion and sediment transport in a small subtropical catchment, South China, Catena, 29, 161-176.
4
[5] de Boer, D.H. and Campbell, I.A. (1989). Spatial scale dependence of sediment dynamics in a semi-arid badland drainage basin, Caten, 16, 277-290.
5
[6] Duvert, C., Nord, G., Gratiot, N., Navratil, O., Nadal-Romero, E., Mathys, N., Némery, J., Regüés, D., García-Ruiz, J.M., Gallart, F. and Esteves, M. (2012). Towards prediction of suspended sediment yield from peak discharge in small erodible mountainous catchments (0.45-22 km2) of France, Mexico and Spain, Journal of Hydrology, 454-455, 42- 55.
6
[7] Ebrahimi Mohammadi, Sh., Sadeghi, S.H.R. and Chapi, K. (2013). Runoff and suspended sediment load from main tributaries into the Zarivar Lake, 1st International Conference on Environmental Crisis and its Solutions, February 13-14, Kish Island, Iran, 5 p.
7
[8] Ebrahimi Mohammadi, Sh., Sadeghi, S.H.R. and Chapi, K. (2012). Analysis of runoff, suspended sediment and nutrient yield from different tributaries to Zarivar lake in event and base flows, Journal of Soil and Water Resources Conservation, 2(1), 61-75.
8
[9] Gao, P. (2008). Understanding watershed suspended sediment transport, Progress in Physical Geography, 32, 243-263.
9
[10] Gao, P. and Josefson, M. (2012). Event-based suspended sediment dynamics in a central New York watershed, Geomorphology, 139-140, 425-437.
10
[11] Gao, P. and Pasternack, G. (2007). Dynamics of suspended sediment transport at field-scale drain channels of irrigation-dominated watersheds in the Sonoran Desert, southeastern California, Hydrological Processes, 21, 2081-2092.
11
[12] Ghorbani, M.A., Moradi Zadeh, F. and Nikmehr, S. (2010). Analysis of hysterics curves of suspended sediment in the Lighvan River, Water and Soil Sciences 20, 1(3), 171-184 (in Persian).
12
[13] Jansson, M.B. (2002). Determining sediment source areas in a tropical river basin, Costa Rica, Catena, 47, 63-84.
13
[14] Jeje, L.K., Ogunkoya, O.O. and Oluwatimilehin, J.M. (1991). Variation in suspended sediment concentration during storm discharges in three small streams in upper Osun basin, central western Nigeria, Hydrological Processes, 5, 361-369.
14
[15] Klein, M. (1984). Anti-clockwise hysteresis in suspended sediment concentration during individual storms, Catena, 11, 251-257.
15
[16] Kronvang, B., Laubel, A. and Grant, R. (1997). Suspended sediment and particulate phosphorus transport and delivery pathways in an arable catchment, Gelbaek stream, Denmark, Hydrological Processes, 11, 627-642.
16
[17] Krueger, T., Quinton, J.N., Freer, J., Macleod, C.J.A., Bilotta, G.S., Brazier, R.E., Butler, P. and Haygarth, P.M. (2009). Uncertainties in data and models to describe event dynamics of agricultural sediment and phosphorus transfer, Journal of Environmental Quality, 38(3), 1137-1148.
17
[18] Langlois, J.L., Johnson, D.W. and Mehuys, G.R. (2005). Suspended sediment dynamics associated with snowmelt runoff in a small mountain stream of Lake Tahoe (Nevada), Hydrological Processes, 19, 3569-3580.
18
[19] Lawler, D.M., Petts, G.E., Foster, I.D.L. and Harper, S. (2006). Turbidity dynamics during spring storm events in an urban headwater river system: the Upper Tame, West Midlands, UK. Science of the Total Environment, 360, 109-126.
19
[20] Lecce, S.A., Pease, P.P., Gares, P.A. and Wang, J. (2006). Seasonal controls on sediment delivery in a small coastal plain watershed, North Carolina, USA, Geomorphology, 73, 246-260.
20
[21] Lefrancois, J., Grimaldi, C., Gascuel-Odoux, C. and Gilliet, N. (2007). Suspended sediment and discharge relationships to identify bank degradation as a main sediment source on small agricultural catchments, Hydrological Processes, 21, 2923-2933.
21
[22] Lenzi, M.A. and Marchi, L. (2000). Suspended sediment load during floods in a small stream of the dolomites (Northeastern Italy), Catena, 39, 267-282.
22
[23] Lopez-Tarazon, J.A., Batalla, R.J., Vericat, D. and Francke, T. (2009). Suspended sediment transport in a highly erodible catchment: the River Isábena (southern Pyrenees), Geomorphology, 109, 210-221.
23
[24] Mano, V., Nemery, J., Belleudy, P. and Poirel, A. (2009). Assessment of suspended sediment transport in four alpine watersheds (France): influence of the climatic regime, Hydrological Processes, 23, 777-792.
24
[25] May, R.W.P., Bromwich, B.C., Gasowski, Y. and Rickard, C.E. (2003). Hydraulic design of side weirs, Thomas Telford Publishing, London. 59 p.
25
[26] Nu-Fang, F., Zhi-Hua, Sh., Lu, L. and Cheng, J. (2011). Rainfall, runoff, and suspended sediment delivery relationships in a small agricultural watershed of the Three Gorges area, China, Geomorphology, 135, 158-166.
26
[27] Oeurng, C., Sauvage, S. and Sánchez-Pérez, J.M. (2010). Dynamics of suspended sediment transport and yield in a large agricultural catchment, southwest France, Earth Surface Processes and Landforms, 35, 1289-1301.
27
[28] Park, j. (1992). Suspended sediment transport in a mountainous catchment, The Science Report of the Institute of Geoscience, University of Tsukuba, South Korea, pp. 137-197.
28
[29] Rankl, J.G. (2004). Relations between total-sediment load and peak discharge for rainstorm runoff on five ephemeral streams in Wyoming, Water-resources investigation report 02-4150. U.S. Geological Survey, Reston, Virginia, 24 p.
29
[30] Richards, G. and Moore, R.D. (2003). Suspended sediment dynamics in a steep, glacierfed mountain stream, Place Creek, Canada, Hydrological Processes, 17, 1733-1753.
30
[31] Owens, P.N., Batalla, R.J., Collins, A.J., Gomez, B., Hicks, D.M., Horowitz, A.J., Kondolf, G.M., Marden, M., Page, M.J., Peacock, D.H., Petticrew, E.L., Salomons, W. and Trustrum, N.A. (2005). Fine-grained sediment in river systems: environmental significance and management issues, River Research and Applications, 21, 693-717.
31
[32] Sadeghi, S.H.R., Aghabeigi Amin, S., Vafakhah, M., Yasrebi, B. and Esmaeili Sari, A. (2006). Suitable drying time for suspended sediment samples, Iran, International Sediment Initiative Conference, November 12-16, Khartoum, Sudan, 7 p.
32
[33] Sadeghi, S.H.R., Mizuyama, T., Miyata, S., Gomi, T., Kosugi, K., Fukushima, T., Mizugaki, S. and Onda, Y. (2008a). Determinant factors of sediment graphs and rating loops in a reforested watershed, Journal of Hydrology, 356, 271-282.
33
[34] Sadeghi, S.H.R., Mizuyama, T., Miyata, S., Gomi, T., Kosugi, K., Fukushima, T., Mizugaki, S. and Onda, Y. (2008b). Development, evaluation and interpretation of sediment rating curves for a Japanese small mountainous reforested watershed, Geoderma, 144, 198-211.
34
[35] Saeidi, P. and Sadeghi, S.H.R. (2010). Analysis of observed sedimentgraphs and rating loops on storm basis in Educational Watershed of Tarbiat Modares University, Iran, Journal of Water and Soil Conservation, 17(1), 97-112 (in Persian).
35
[36] Sayer, A.M., Walsh, R.P.D. and Bidin, K. (2006). Pipeflow suspended sediment dynamics and their contribution to stream sediment budgets in small rainforest catchments, Sabah, Malaysia, Forest Ecology and Management, 224, 119-130.
36
[37] Seeger, M., Errea, M.P., Begueria, S., Arnaez, J., Marti, C. and Carcia-Ruiz, J.M. (2004). Catchment soil moisture and rainfall characteristics as determinant factors for discharge/suspended sediment hysteretic loops in a small headwater catchment in the Spanish Pyrenees, Journal of Hydrology, 288, 299-311.
37
[38] Smith, H.G. and Dragovich, D. (2009). Interpreting sediment delivery processes using suspended sediment-discharge hysteresis patterns from nested upland catchments, south-eastern Australia, Hydrological Processes, 23, 2415-2426.
38
[39] Terajima, T., Sakamoto, Nakai, Y. and Kitamura, K. (1997). Suspended sediment discharge in subsurface flow from the head hollow of a small forested watershed, northern Japan, Earth Surface Processes and Landforms, 22(11), 987-1000.
39
[40] Walling, D.E. (1977). Limitations of the rating curve technique for estimating suspended sediment loads, with particular reference to British rivers. Publication No. 122, International Association of Hydrological Science, Paris, France, pp. 34-47.
40
[41] Walling, D.E., Collins, A.L, Sichingabula, H.A. and Leeks, G.J.L. (2001). Integrated assessment of catchment suspended sediment budgets: A Zambian Example, Land Degradation and Development, 12, 387-415.
41
[42] Walling, D.E. and Webb, B.W. (1982). Sediment availability and prediction of storm-period sediment yield, Publication No. 137, International Association of Hydrological Science, Exeter, UK, pp. 327-337.
42
[43] Williams, G.P. (1989). Sediment concentration versus water discharge during single hydrologic events in rivers, Journal of Hydrology, 111, 89-106.
43
[44] Watershed and Natural Resources Head Office of Kurdistan Province (2007). Comparative-operational study of Zarivar watershed, Hydrology and soil erosion and sedimentation study, volumes of 6 & 7, Develompent Idepardazan Company, p. 171 (in Persian).
44
[45] Wood, P.A. (1977). Controls of variation in suspended sediment concentration in the River Rother, West Sussex, England, Sedimentology, 24, 437-445.
45
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Comparison of geostatistical and artificial neural network methods to estimate of spatial distribution of snow depth
(Case study: Sakhvid watershed, Yazd)
[1] Ahmad, S. and Simonovic, S.P. (2005). An artificial neural network model for generating hydrograph from hydrometeorological parameters, J. Hydrol, 315, 236-251.
[2] Agarwal, A., Mishra, S.K., Ram, S. and Singh, J.K. (2006). Simulation of runoff and sediment yield using artificial neural networks, Biosys. Eng, 94(4), 597-613.
[3] Amini, M., Abbaspour, K.C., Khademi, H., Fathianpour, N., Afyuni, M. and Schulin, R. (2005). Neural network models to predict cation exchange capacity in arid regions of Iran, European Journal of Soil Science, 53, 748-757.
[4] Balk, B. and Elder, K. (2000). Combining binary decision tree and geostatistical methods to estimate snow distribution in a mountain watershed, Water Resources Research, 36, 13-26.
[5] Bagheri Fahrji, R. (2011). Estimating the satial distribution of snow water equivalent in mountain watersheds using geostatistic methods (Case study: Bidakhovid), M.Sc. thesis, Islamic Azad University Maybod branch.
[6] Carrol, S.S. and Cressie, N. (1996). Acomparison of geostatistical methodologies used to estimate snow water equivalent, Water Resources Bull., 32, 267-278.
[7] Chen, J. and Adams, B.J. (2006). Integration of artificial neural networks with conceptual models in rainfall-runoff modeling, J. Hydrol, 318, 232-249.
[8] Elder, K., Dozier, G. and Michaelsen, J. (1991). Snow Accumulation and Distribution in an Alpine Watershed, Water Resources Research, 27(7), 1541-1552.
[9] Elder, K., Michaelsen, J. and Dozzier, J. (1995). Small basin modeling of snow water equivalence using binary regression tree methods, IAHS Publ., No. 228.
[10] Elder, K., Rosenthal, R. and Davis, R.E. (1998). Estimating the spatial distribution of snow water equivalence in a mountain watershed, Hydrological Processes, 12, 1793-1808.
[11] Erickson, T.A., Williams, M.W. and Winstral, A. (2005). Persistence of topographic controls on the spatial distribution of snow in rugged mountain, Colorado, United States, Water Resources Research, 41, 1-17.
[12] Erxleben, J., Elder, K. and Davis, R. (2002). Comparison of spatial interpolation methods for estimating snow stribution in Colorado Rocky Mountains, Hydrological Processes, 16, 3627-3649.
[13] Fathzadeh, A. (2008). Estimating the spatial distribution of snow water equivalent in Karaj watershed using remote sensing and energy balance model, PhD thesis, Tehran University.
[14] Gayoor, H., Kavyani, M., Mohseni, B. (2004). Estimates of coverage and the amount of snowfall in the mountains north of Tehran Case Study: River Basin Rehabilitation (Darband and Glabdarh), Journal of Geographical Research.
[15] Hassani Pak, A. (1998). Geostatistics, Tehran University Publications.
[16] Hosang, J. and Dettwiler, K. (1991). Evalution of a water equivalent of snow cover map in a small catchment area using a geostatistical approach, Hydrological Processes, 5, 283-290.
[17] Huang, M., Peng, G., Zhang, J. and Zhang, S. (2006). Application of artificial neuralnetworks to the prediction of dust storms in Northwest China, Global and Plantetary Change, 52, 216-224.
[18] Marchand, W.D. and Killingtveit, A. (2001). Analyses of the Relation between Spatial Snow Distribution and Terrain Characteristics, 58th Estern Snow Conference Ottawa, Ontario, Canada.
[19] Marchand, W.D. and Killingtveit, A. (2005). Statistical probability distribution of snow depth at the model sub-grid cell spatial scale, Hydrological Processes, 19, 355-369.
[20] Menhaj, M. (2007). Fundamental of Artificial neural networks, Amirkabir Press.
[21] Mohammadi, J. (2001). Considering geostatistics and its application in soil science, Journal of Soil & Water Science, 15(1), 99-121 (In Farsi).
[22] Molotch, N.P., Colee, M.T., Bales, R.C. and Dozier, J. (2005). Estimating the spatial distribution of snow water equivalent in an alpine basin using binary regrnion tree models: the impact of digital elevation data independent variable selection, Hydrological Processes, 19, 1459-1479.
[23] Najafi, M., Sheykhivand, J. and Porhemat, J. (2006). Runoff from melting snow in snowy areas using SRM (Case Study Mahabad), Journal of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources (In Farsi).
[24] Roebber, P.J., Bruening, S.L., Schultz, D.M. and Cortinas JR., J.V. (2002). Improving snowfall forecasting by diagnosing snow density, Weather and Forecast, 18, 264-287.
[25] Sharifi, M.R., Akhund Ali, M. and Porhemat, J. (2007). Assess the linear correlation and ordinary kriging method to estimate the spatial distribution of snow depth in the watershed Samsami, Journal of Watershed Management Science & Engineering, 1(1), 24-38 (In Farsi).
[26] Topsoba, D., Fortin, V., Anctil, F. and Hache, M. (2008). Use of the kriging technique with external drift for a map of the water equivalent of snow: application to the Gatineau River Basin, 32(1), 289-297.
[27] Tedesco, M., Pulliainen, J., Takala, M., Hallikainen, M. and Pampaloni, P. (2004). Artificial neural network-based techniques for the retrieval of SWE and snow depth from SSM/I data, Remote Sens. Environ, 90, 76-85.
[28] Tryhorn, L. and DeGaetano, Art (2012). A methodology for statistically downscaling seasonal snow cover characteristics over the Northeastern United States, 10. 1002/joc. 3626.
[29] Vafakhah, M., Mohseni Saravi, M., Mahdavi, M., Alavi Panah, S.k. (2008). Geostatistics application to estimate snow depth and density in the watershed Ourazan, Journal of Watershed Management Science & Engineering, 4(2), 49-55 (In Farsi).
[30] Vaziri, F. (2003). Applied hydrology in Iran-The second book: Identification of glaciers in Iran, Publication Management and Planning Organization.
[31] Zareabyaneh, H. (2012). Estimating the spatial distribution of snow water equivalent and snow density using ANN method (Case study watershed Azarbayejan), Journal of Water Resources Engineering, 5(15), 1-12 (In Farsi).
https://jrwm.ut.ac.ir/article_54934_2c30016af02d38df0a44422fce3977a2.pdf
2015-08-23
341
357
10.22059/jrwm.2015.54934
Ali
Fathzadeh
fat@ardakan.ac.ir
1
Assistant Professor of Agr. & Natural Resources College, University of Ardakan, Iran
LEAD_AUTHOR
Somayeh
Ebdam
somayehebdam@yahoo.com
2
MS.C graduate of Watershed Management, University of Yazd, Iran
AUTHOR
[1] Ahmad, S. and Simonovic, S.P. (2005). An artificial neural network model for generating hydrograph from hydrometeorological parameters, J. Hydrol, 315, 236-251.
1
[2] Agarwal, A., Mishra, S.K., Ram, S. and Singh, J.K. (2006). Simulation of runoff and sediment yield using artificial neural networks, Biosys. Eng, 94(4), 597-613.
2
[3] Amini, M., Abbaspour, K.C., Khademi, H., Fathianpour, N., Afyuni, M. and Schulin, R. (2005). Neural network models to predict cation exchange capacity in arid regions of Iran, European Journal of Soil Science, 53, 748-757.
3
[4] Balk, B. and Elder, K. (2000). Combining binary decision tree and geostatistical methods to estimate snow distribution in a mountain watershed, Water Resources Research, 36, 13-26.
4
[5] Bagheri Fahrji, R. (2011). Estimating the satial distribution of snow water equivalent in mountain watersheds using geostatistic methods (Case study: Bidakhovid), M.Sc. thesis, Islamic Azad University Maybod branch.
5
[6] Carrol, S.S. and Cressie, N. (1996). Acomparison of geostatistical methodologies used to estimate snow water equivalent, Water Resources Bull., 32, 267-278.
6
[7] Chen, J. and Adams, B.J. (2006). Integration of artificial neural networks with conceptual models in rainfall-runoff modeling, J. Hydrol, 318, 232-249.
7
[8] Elder, K., Dozier, G. and Michaelsen, J. (1991). Snow Accumulation and Distribution in an Alpine Watershed, Water Resources Research, 27(7), 1541-1552.
8
[9] Elder, K., Michaelsen, J. and Dozzier, J. (1995). Small basin modeling of snow water equivalence using binary regression tree methods, IAHS Publ., No. 228.
9
[10] Elder, K., Rosenthal, R. and Davis, R.E. (1998). Estimating the spatial distribution of snow water equivalence in a mountain watershed, Hydrological Processes, 12, 1793-1808.
10
[11] Erickson, T.A., Williams, M.W. and Winstral, A. (2005). Persistence of topographic controls on the spatial distribution of snow in rugged mountain, Colorado, United States, Water Resources Research, 41, 1-17.
11
[12] Erxleben, J., Elder, K. and Davis, R. (2002). Comparison of spatial interpolation methods for estimating snow stribution in Colorado Rocky Mountains, Hydrological Processes, 16, 3627-3649.
12
[13] Fathzadeh, A. (2008). Estimating the spatial distribution of snow water equivalent in Karaj watershed using remote sensing and energy balance model, PhD thesis, Tehran University.
13
[14] Gayoor, H., Kavyani, M., Mohseni, B. (2004). Estimates of coverage and the amount of snowfall in the mountains north of Tehran Case Study: River Basin Rehabilitation (Darband and Glabdarh), Journal of Geographical Research.
14
[15] Hassani Pak, A. (1998). Geostatistics, Tehran University Publications.
15
[16] Hosang, J. and Dettwiler, K. (1991). Evalution of a water equivalent of snow cover map in a small catchment area using a geostatistical approach, Hydrological Processes, 5, 283-290.
16
[17] Huang, M., Peng, G., Zhang, J. and Zhang, S. (2006). Application of artificial neuralnetworks to the prediction of dust storms in Northwest China, Global and Plantetary Change, 52, 216-224.
17
[18] Marchand, W.D. and Killingtveit, A. (2001). Analyses of the Relation between Spatial Snow Distribution and Terrain Characteristics, 58th Estern Snow Conference Ottawa, Ontario, Canada.
18
[19] Marchand, W.D. and Killingtveit, A. (2005). Statistical probability distribution of snow depth at the model sub-grid cell spatial scale, Hydrological Processes, 19, 355-369.
19
[20] Menhaj, M. (2007). Fundamental of Artificial neural networks, Amirkabir Press.
20
[21] Mohammadi, J. (2001). Considering geostatistics and its application in soil science, Journal of Soil & Water Science, 15(1), 99-121 (In Farsi).
21
[22] Molotch, N.P., Colee, M.T., Bales, R.C. and Dozier, J. (2005). Estimating the spatial distribution of snow water equivalent in an alpine basin using binary regrnion tree models: the impact of digital elevation data independent variable selection, Hydrological Processes, 19, 1459-1479.
22
[23] Najafi, M., Sheykhivand, J. and Porhemat, J. (2006). Runoff from melting snow in snowy areas using SRM (Case Study Mahabad), Journal of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources (In Farsi).
23
[24] Roebber, P.J., Bruening, S.L., Schultz, D.M. and Cortinas JR., J.V. (2002). Improving snowfall forecasting by diagnosing snow density, Weather and Forecast, 18, 264-287.
24
[25] Sharifi, M.R., Akhund Ali, M. and Porhemat, J. (2007). Assess the linear correlation and ordinary kriging method to estimate the spatial distribution of snow depth in the watershed Samsami, Journal of Watershed Management Science & Engineering, 1(1), 24-38 (In Farsi).
25
[26] Topsoba, D., Fortin, V., Anctil, F. and Hache, M. (2008). Use of the kriging technique with external drift for a map of the water equivalent of snow: application to the Gatineau River Basin, 32(1), 289-297.
26
[27] Tedesco, M., Pulliainen, J., Takala, M., Hallikainen, M. and Pampaloni, P. (2004). Artificial neural network-based techniques for the retrieval of SWE and snow depth from SSM/I data, Remote Sens. Environ, 90, 76-85.
27
[28] Tryhorn, L. and DeGaetano, Art (2012). A methodology for statistically downscaling seasonal snow cover characteristics over the Northeastern United States, 10. 1002/joc. 3626.
28
[29] Vafakhah, M., Mohseni Saravi, M., Mahdavi, M., Alavi Panah, S.k. (2008). Geostatistics application to estimate snow depth and density in the watershed Ourazan, Journal of Watershed Management Science & Engineering, 4(2), 49-55 (In Farsi).
29
[30] Vaziri, F. (2003). Applied hydrology in Iran-The second book: Identification of glaciers in Iran, Publication Management and Planning Organization.
30
[31] Zareabyaneh, H. (2012). Estimating the spatial distribution of snow water equivalent and snow density using ANN method (Case study watershed Azarbayejan), Journal of Water Resources Engineering, 5(15), 1-12 (In Farsi).
31
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Investigation of production and utilization of Bromus tomentellus Boiss. in Kordan rangeland of Alborz province
To evaluate the vegetative and productive characteristics and forage utilization by livestock at different stages of Bromus tomentellus Boiss.Phonology, this experiment was carried out during five years in Kordan Rangeland of Alborz province rangelands. So starting the grazing season and livestock entering, any remaining amount of forage grazing was harvested until a month intervals, and utilization rate was determined by subtraction between harvested forage and fenced plot forage. Finally, in order to study the effect of harvest months on the production and utilization of specie under investigation in the study area, data were analyzed. In overall, the results of this study were showed that highest production was belong to third and fourth years and least production was belong to first year. The utilization changes were similar to production changes. In addition, growth and production period Bromus tomentellus Boiss.was spring. The growth and production this plant was maximum in April and then reduced in July. The forage of this plant in May and June has been strongly grazing in the study area. In July the utilization rate this plant was decreased. It seems that the complete growth stages, this species have a woody and livestock grazing has less on it. Thus reduce the amount consumed by livestock.
https://jrwm.ut.ac.ir/article_54935_b85858688c45c4a8e3c9880bee225ffd.pdf
2015-08-23
359
370
10.22059/jrwm.2015.54935
Forage production
forage utilization
Bromus tomentellus Boiss
Kordan rangelands
Ghader
Karimi
ghkarimi_58@hotmail.com
1
Assistant Professor, Research Institue of Forest and Rangelands, Tehran, Iran
AUTHOR
hasan
Yeganeh
hyeganeh@ut.ac.ir
2
Assistant Professor, University of Gorgan Agricultural Sciences & Natural Resources, Gorgan, Iran
AUTHOR
Masoomeh
Abassi Khalaki
m_abasi6@yahoo.com
3
Ph.D Student of Range Management in University of Mohaghegh Ardabili, Ardabil, Iran
AUTHOR
mehdi
moameri
m_moameri16@yahoo.com
4
Ph.D Student of Range Management in University of Tehran, Karaj, Iran
LEAD_AUTHOR
Hadi
Afra
mmoameri@ut.ac.ir
5
M.Sc of Gorgan University of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources, Gorgan, Iran.
AUTHOR
[1] Abdollahi, J., Arzani, H. and Naderi, H. (2011). Factors of climatic efficiency of production forage in Nodoshan steppe rangelands in Yazd province, Iranian Journal of Rangeland, 5, 45-56 (In Persian).
1
[2] Abedi Rad, M. (1995). Range and range management, Hmsayeh Press, 207 p (In Persian).
2
[3] Akbarzadeh, M., Moghadam, M.R., Jalili, A., Jafari, M. and Arzani, H. (2007). Effect of precipitation on cover and production of rangeland Plants in Polour, Iranian journal of the Natural Resources, 60, 307-322 (In Persian).
3
[4] Arzani, H. (1994). Some aspect of estimating short term and long term rangeland carrying capacity in the western division of new thouth-wales Ph.D. thesis, University of New South Wales, Australia.
4
[5] Baghestani Maybodi, N. and Zare, M.T. (2007). Investigation of relationship between annual precipitation and yield in steppic range of Poosht-kooh region of Yazd province, Iranian Journal of Pajouhesh & Sazandegi, 75,103-107 (In Persian).
5
[6] Bashari, H., Moghadam, M.R. and Sanadgol, A. (2002). Investigation of quality and quantitative balance of forage and daily requirement of sheep in several rangelands with different condition, Iranian Journal of Range and Desert, 8, 25-32 (In Persian).
6
[7] Bates, J.D., Svejcar, T., Miller, R.F. and Angell, R.A. (2006). The effects of precipitation timing on sagebrush steppe vegetation, Journal of Arid Environments, 64, 670-697.
7
[8] Ehsani, A., Arzani, H., Farahpour, M., Ahmadi, H., Jafari, M., Jalili, A., Abasi, H.R., Azimi, M.S. and Mirdavoudi, H.R. (2007). The effect of climatic conditions on range forage production in steppe Ranglands, Akhtarabad of Saveh, Iranian Journal of Range and Desert Reseach, 14, 249-260 (In Persian).
8
[9] Ghelijnia, H., Shahmoradi, A.A. and ZareKia, S. (2008). Autecology of two range plants species of Bromus tomentosus and Agropyron pectiniforme in Mazandaran Province, Iranian Journal of range and Desert, 15, 348-359 (In Persian).
9
[10] Ghorbani, O. (1995). Study some of ecological characteristics of Bromus tomentellus and Psathyrostachys fragilis in watershed basin of Tehran, M.Sc thesis in Tarbiat Modares University, 165p (in Persian).
10
[11] Heidari Sharifabad, H. and Dorry, M. (2003). Forage Grasses, Volume 2. Research Institute of Forests and Rangelands Press, Tehran, Iran, 311p (in Persian).
11
[12] Hosseini, S.Z, Mirjani, S.T. and Safari, A. (2001). Investigation of relationship between annual precipitation and yield of Medicago sativa, station of rangelands research, Hamande Absard, second range and range management seminar, 459-462 (In Persian).
12
[13] Hussain, F. and Durrani, M.J. (2007). Forage Productivity of Arid Temperate HARBOI Rangeland, KALAT, PAKISTAN, Pakistan Journal Botany, 39, 1455-1470.
13
[14] Lemus, R. (2008). Stockpiling Warm-Season Perennial Grasses to Extend the Grazing Season, Cooperative Extension Service, Mississippi State University, 135p.
14
[15] Lyons, R.K. and Machen, R.V. (2002). Interpreting grazing behavior, Texas agriculture extention service, Texas and university system, Journal of Arid environment, 70, 94-110.
15
[16] Moghimi, J. (2005). Introduction some of important rangeland species for improvement of Iranian rangelands, Arvan press, 669p (In Persian).
16
[17] Ni, J. (2003). Plant functional types and climate along a precipitation gradient in temperate grasslands, north-east China and south-east Mongolia, Journal of Arid Environments, 53, 501-516.
17
[18] Richinger, K.H. (1970). Flora Iranica, V, 70.
18
[19] Roath, L.R. and Krueger, W.C. (1982). Cattle grazing and behavior on a forested range, Journal of Range Management, 48, 314-321.
19
[20] Sadeghiyan, S., Khorami, T. and Habibian, S.H. (2004). Study of phonology on four range plant in Dehbid Fars, Iranian Journal of Natural Resource, 5, 1-10 (In Persian).
20
[21] Sanadgol, A. (2005). The production and maintenance of range plant seed, Higher Education Research Institute of Applied Agriculture Press, 206p (In Persian).
21
[22] Sanadgol, A. (2006). Effects of grazing systems and grazing intensities on soil moisture content in Bromus tomentellus pasture, Iranian Journal of Pajouhesh & Sazandegi, 73, 49-54 (In Persian).
22
[23] Sehhat Niaki, N. (1995). Vegetation forage of Iran in herbarium of Kiu Landan, Shahid Camran University press, 225p (In Persian).
23
[24] Smilauer, P. (1997). CanoDraw User Guide 3.1. Microcomputer Power, Ithaca. USA, 887pp.
24
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Recognizing of the most important change in the qualitative and quantitative components of vegetation in consequent of exclusion Kalpush plain rangeland using multivariate analysis
Considering the importance of vegetation changes and awareness of its destruction or improvement trends in programming and its proper managing of utilization, this study was conducted in order to survey the effects of grazing on the qualitative and quantitative components of vegetation (including life form, growth form, palatability class, plant families and species diversity) and recognition their most important changes in both grazing and enclosed sites in Kalpush plain, Golestan provience. For this purpose, samples were taken via 78 plot 1 square meter in a randomly- systematic method. Mean comparison of the components and recognition of the most changeable components in consequent implementing grazing management were done with t-student test and principle component analysis (PCA) respectively using Spss software. According to the vegetation study, 13 species belong to Asteraceae family and 10 species to Poaceae family and there are 69 Herbaceous species, 13 Grass species and 5 shrubs species of plants in this region. The results of t-Student test indicate an increase in relative density of Therophytes and class I plants, and decrease in Cryptophytes and class III in the enclosed. Also the results point out that grazing has caused increasing in the relative canopy of Shrubs and Champhyte and decreasing in Therophytes, Forbs in the region. Comparison of relative density and canopy cover of plant species in two sites showed a relatively good effect of rangeland enclosing in increasing of the density, restoration and recovery of species composition and diversity. Principal component analysis also showed that the most changeable components in consequent of rangeland enclosing were Forbs, Hemicryphtophyte, Therophyte, Appiacea and Brassicacea families in positive and Shrubs in negative of first axis. Also the Papaveracea and Asteracea families have the most incremental changes in the second component.
https://jrwm.ut.ac.ir/article_54936_4e0d570183bef24167f2055da3f89968.pdf
2015-08-23
371
383
10.22059/jrwm.2015.54936
Canopy cover
exclusion
Palatability
Composition
Grazing
Principal component analysis
Seyedeh Zohreh
Mirdeilami
zohremirdeilami@gmail.com
1
pHD Student, Dept. Rangeland management, Gorgan University of Agricultural sciences & Natural Resources, I.R. Iran
LEAD_AUTHOR
Esmaeil
Sheidai
esmaeil_sheidayi@yahoo.com
2
pHD Student, Dept. Rangeland management, Gorgan University of Agricultural sciences & Natural Resources, I.R. Iran
AUTHOR
Moosa
Akbalou
akbarlou@gau.ac.ir
3
; Associ. Prof., Dept. Rangeland management, Gorgan University of Agricultural sciences & Natural Resources, Gorgan, Iran
AUTHOR
[1] Amiri, F. and Bassiri, M. (2008). Comparision of some soil properties and vegetation characteristic in grazed and ungrazed range site, Journal of Rangeland, 2(3), 237-253.
1
[2] Asadian, GH., Akbarzadeh, M. and Sadeghimanesh, M.R. (2009). The effects of the Exclosure on the improvement of the range lands in Hamedan province, Iranian journal of Range and Desert Research, 16(3), 343-352.
2
[3] Campos, A.C., Oleschko, L.K., Etchevers, J.B. and Hidalgo, C.M. (2007). Exploring the effect of changes in land use on soil quality on the eastern slope of the Cofre de Perote Volcano (Mexico), Forest Ecology and Management, 248, 174-182.
3
[4] Carmel, Y. and Kadmon, R. (1999). Effects of grazing and topography on long-term vegetation changes in a Mediterranean ecosystem in Israel, Journal of Plant Ecology, 145, 243-254.
4
[5] Chamani, A. (1993). Investigating the species diversity and richness in Mirzabailoo plain and southern Almeh mountain (Golestan national park), MSc. Dissertation, Range management, Gorgan University, 92P.
5
[6] Dianati Tilaki, GH.A. and Mirjalili, A.B. (2007). Investigation on palatability of rangeland plants in Yazd region, Journal of Pajouhesh and Sazandegi, 76, 69-73.
6
[7] Ejtehadi, H., Zahedipour, H. and Sephry, A. (1999). Describtion Beta diversity using ordintation and classification methods in three sites with different grazing intensity in Moote plain, Proceeding of 8th Conference in Biology Iran, Razi University, Kermanshah, Iran.
7
[8] Eteraf, H. and Telvari, A. (2005). Effects of animal grazing on some physical characteristics of loose soil in Maravetapeh rangelands, Golestan, Iran, Journal of Pajouhesh and Sazandegi, 66, 8-13.
8
[9] Feizi, M.J., Farzadmehr, J., Zare Chahouki, M.A. and Hosseinalizadeh, M. (2009). Plant Cover of Artemisia sieberi under two management policies, Seasonal and Continuous Grazing Case study: Rangeland of Kabotar koh in Razavi Khorasan, Northern east Iran, Journal of Rangeland, 3(4), 571-589.
9
[10] Firinioglu, H.K., Seefeldt, S.S. and Sahin, B. (2007). The Effects of long-term grazing exclosures on range plants in the central Anatolian region of Turkey, Journal of Environment Management, 39, 326-337.
10
[11] Gharedaghi, H. and Jalili, A. (1999). Comparison and influences of grazing and exclosure on plant composion in the steppic rangeland Rudshur Saveh, Mrkazi province, Iranian Journal of Forest and Range, 43(2), 28-34.
11
[12] Hayek, L.A.C., Buzas, M.A. and Osterman, L.E. (2007). Community Structure of Foraminiferal Communities within Temporal Biozones from the Western Arctic Ocean, Journal of Foraminiferal Research, 37(1), 33-40.
12
[13] Heidarian Aghakhani, M., Naghipour Borj, A.A. and Tavakoli, H. (2010). The Effects of grazing intensity on vegetation and soil in Sisab rangelands, Bojnord, Iran, Iranian journal of Range and Desert Research, 17(2), 243-255.
13
[14] Hoseini, S.A.H. (1995). Investigation plant associations of Mirzabailoo plain and Almeh of Golestan national prk, MSc. Dissertation, Range management, Tarbiat Modarres University, 100P.
14
[15] Jafari, M., Ebrahimi, M., Azarnivand, H. and Madahi, A. (2009). The effects of rangeland restoration treatments on some aspects of soil and vegetation parameters (Case study: Sirjan rangelands), Journal of Rangeland, 3(3), 371-384.
15
[16] Javadi, S.A., Jafari, M., Azarnivand, H. and Zahedi Amiri, Gh. (2004). Investigation of grazing effects on plant composition and diversity of Lar rangeland, The 3th National Congress on Range and Range Management of Iran, Tehran, Iran, pp. 702-707.
16
[17] Karimi, G., Mozafari, S. and Nikbakht, M. (2009). Effect of range and livestock management on vegetation of Margon station in Kohkiloyeh and Boyerahmad province, Iran, Iranian journal of Range and Desert Research, 16(3), 353-361.
17
[18] Khatir Namani, J. (2007). The study of vegetation changes of grazed and ungrazed in Chut rangelands, Iranian Journal of Range and Desert Research, 14(1), 88-96.
18
[19] Kohandel, A., Arzani, H. and Hosseini Tavassol, M. (2011). Effect of grazing intensity on soil and vegetation characteristics using Principal components Analysis, Iranian Journal of Range and Desert Research, 17(4), 518-526.
19
[20] Mesdaghi, M. (2003). Management of Iran’s rangelands, Imam Reza University Press, 4th, 333P.
20
[21] Mesdaghi, M. (2005). Plant ecology, Jihad Daneshgahi of MashHad Press, 187P.
21
[22] Mirdeilami, Z. and Sepehri, A. (2011). The comparing of plot size in estimating the quantitative characteristics of species in enclosure and non enclosure rangelands of Calpush plain, Watershed Management Research (Pajouhesh & Sazandegi), 91, 38-44.
22
[23] Moeenpour, N. (2008). The Study of enclosure effecting on vegetation of Calpush rangelands. MSc. Dissertation, Range management, Gorgan University, 80P.
23
[24] Mofidi, M., Jafari, M., Tavili, A., Rashtbari, M. and Alijanpour, A. (2013). Grazing exclusion effect on soil and vegetation properties in Imam Kandi rangelands, Iran, Arid Land Research and Management, 27(1), 32-40.
24
[25] Moghadam, M.R. (2007). Ecology of terrestrial plants, University of Tehran Press, 701P.
25
[26] O’Connor, T.G. (1995). Trasformation of savanna grassland by drought and grazing, Africa Journal of Range and Forage Science, 12(2), 53-60.
26
[27] Raziei, T. and Azizi, Gh. (2007). A precipitation-based regionalization in western iran using principal component analysis and cluster analysis, Iran-Water Resources Research, 3(2), 62-65.
27
[28] Wienhold, B.J., Hendrickson, J.R. and Karn, J.F. (2001). Pasture management influences on soil properties in the Northern Great Plains, Journal of Soil and Water Conditions, 56(1), 27-31.
28
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Evapo-transpiration estimation in Taleghan Drainage Basin using MODIS images and SEBAL model
Estimation of evapo-transpiration is necessary in cases such as irrigation planning, determining of evaporation of the water bodies, water balance assessment, estimation of runoff and watershed management and ecological and meteorological studies. Evapo-transpiration can be determined precisely using field measurements. However, these methods provide evapo-transpiration just for limited areas from spatial point of view. This limitation has motivated the development of using remote sensing data to evaluate evapo-transpiration over vast area. Surface Energy Balance Algorithm for Land (SEBAL) is a new model that has been used at different areas all over the world for estimating of evapotranspiration. Due to the fact that no written report in evapo-transpiration estimation using this algorithm in the country has been published yet, the objective of this study is to investigate the validation of revised SEBAL model in mountainous region. In this project, actual evapo-transpiration values were estimated using MODIS image data and revised SEBAL model for mountainous region in 22 different dates in 2006 in Taleghan Drainage Basin. The result showed that the correlation between estimated and measured values is significant (R2=0.88, p<0.001). Thus, MODIS image data and revised SEBAL model were able to estimate actual daily evapo-transpiration values in Taleghan Drainage Basin. Therefore this revised algorithm could recommend as suitable method for further studies in different area with variation topography.
https://jrwm.ut.ac.ir/article_54937_de791a3d547b0bddd3476ab754855705.pdf
2015-08-23
385
398
10.22059/jrwm.2015.54937
remote sensing
evapo-transpiration
SEBAL
MODIS images
kazem
Nosrati
k_nosrati@sbu.ac.ir
1
Associate Prof. Faculty of Earth Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, Iran
LEAD_AUTHOR
Mohsen
Mohseni Saravi
msaravi@ut.ac.ir
2
Prof. Faculty of Natural Resources, University of Tehran, Iran
AUTHOR
Hasan
Ahmadi
ahmadi2@ut.ac.ir
3
Prof. Faculty of Natural Resources, University of Tehran, Iran
AUTHOR
Hosein
Aghighi
4
Iranian Space Agency, Tehran, Iran.
AUTHOR
[1] Akbari, M., Toomanian, N., Droogers, P., Bastiaanssen, W. and Gieske, A. (2007). Monitoring irrigation performance in Esfahan, Iran, using NOAA satellite imagery, Agricultural Water Management, 88, 99-109.
1
[2] Allen, R.G. and Tasumi, M. (2000). Appendix B: Algorithm for applying SEBAL to sloping mountainous areas, Application of the SEBAL methodology for estimating consumptive use of water and stream flow depletion in the Bear River basin of Idaho through remote sensing, [PDF format], Idaho Department of Water Resource, http:///www.idwr.state.id.us/gisdata/ET/final_sebal_page.htm.
2
[3] Bastiaanssen, W.G.M. (2000). SEBAL-based sensible and latent heat fluxes in the irrigated Gediz Basin, Turkey, Journal of Hydrology, 229, 87-100.
3
[4] Bastiaanssen, W.G.M., Thiruvengadachari, T., Sakthivadivel, R. and Molden, D.J. (1999). Satellite remote sensing for estimating productivities of land and water, International Journal of Water Resources Development, 15, 181-196.
4
[5] Bastiaanssen, W.G.M., Menenti, M., Feddes, R.A. and Holtslag, A.A.M. (1998a). The Surface Energy Balance Algorithm for Land (SEBAL): Part 1 formulation, Journal of Hydrology, 212-213, 198-212.
5
[6] Bastiaanssen, W.G.M., Pelgrum, H., Wang, J., Ma, Y., Moreno, J., Roerink, G.J. and Van der Wal, T. (1998b). The Surface Energy Balance Algorithm for Land (SEBAL): Part 2 validation, Journal of Hydrology, 212-213, 213-229.
6
[7] Bastiaanssen, W.G.M., Noordman, E.J.M., Pelgrum, H., Davids, G., Thoreson, B.P. and Allen, R.G. (2005). SEBAL model with remotely sensed data to improve water-resources management under actual field conditions, ASCE J. Irrig. Drain. Eng., 131(1), 85-93.
7
[8] Chandrapala, L. and Wimalasuriya, M. (2003). Satellite measurement supplemented with meteorological data to operationally estimate actual evaporation of Sri Lanka, Agricultural Water Management, 58, 89-107
8
[9] Ines, A.V.M., Honda, K., Das Gupta, A., Droogers, P. and Clemente, R.S. (2006). Combining remote sensing-simulation modeling and genetic algorithm optimization to explore water management options in irrigated agriculture. Agricultural Water Management 83, 221-232.
9
[10] Kalma, J., McVicar, T. and McCabe, M. (2008). Estimating Land Surface Evaporation: A Review of Methods Using Remotely Sensed Surface Temperature Data, Surveys in Geophysics,29, 421-469.
10
[11] Kimura, R., Bai, L., Fan, J., Takayama, N. and Hinokidani, O. (2007). Evapo-transpiration estimation over the river basin of the Loess Plateau of China based on remote sensing, Journal of Arid Environments, 68, 53-65.
11
[12] Long, D. and Singh, V.P. (2010). Integration of the GG model with SEBAL to produce time series of evapotranspiration of high spatial resolution at watershed scales, Journal of Geophysical Research, 115, D21128.
12
[13] Lu, X. and Zhuang, Q. (2010). Evaluating evapotranspiration and water-use efficiency of terrestrial ecosystems in the conterminous United States using MODIS and AmeriFlux data, Remote Sensing of Environment, 114, 1924-1939.
13
[14] Medina, J.L., Camacho, E., Reca, J., Lopez, R. and Roldan, J. (1998). Determination and analysis of regional evapotranspiration in Southern Spain based on remote sensing and GIS, Physics and Chemistry of the Earth, 23(4), 427-432.
14
[15] Mobasheri, M.R., Khavarian, H., Ziaeian, P. and Kamaly, G. (2007). Evapo-transpiration assessment using Terra/MODIS images in the Gorgan general district, Modarres Human Sciences, 11, 121-142.
15
[16] Mohamed, Y.A., Bastiaanssen, W.G.M. and Savenije, H.H.G. (2004). Spatial variability of evaporation and moisture storage in the swamps of the upper Nile studied by remote sensing techniques, Journal of Hydrology, 289, 145-164.
16
[17] MohseniSaravi, M., Nosrati, K., Ahmadi, H. and Aghighi, H. (2009). Application of SEBAL method to calculate evapotranspiration using remote sensing images, Final Report of Research Project, Faculty of Natural Resources, University of Tehran.
17
[18] Morse, A., Allen, R.G., Tasumi, M., Kramber, W.j., Trezza, R. and Wright, J.L. (2000). Final Report: Application of the SEBAL Methodology for Estimating Evapotranspiration and Consumptive Use of Water Tthrough Remote Sensing [PDF format], Idaho Department of Water Resources, University of Idaho, Department of Biological and Agricultural, http://www.idwr.state.id.us/gisdata/ET/final_sebal_page.htm, 107pp.
18
[19] Mutiga, J.K., Su, Z. and Woldai, T. (2010). Using satellite remote sensing to assess evapotranspiration: Case study of the upper Ewaso Ng'iro North Basin, Kenya. International Journal of Applied Earth Observation and Geoinformation, 12, S100-S108.
19
[20] SanaeiNejad, S.H., Noori, S. and Hasheminia, S.M. (2011). Estimation of evapotranspiration using satellite image data in Mashhad area, Journal of Water and Soil, 25(3), 540-547.
20
[21] Yao, W., Han, M. and Xu, S. (2010). Estimating the regional evapotranspiration in Zhalong wetland with the Two-Source Energy Balance (TSEB) model and Landsat7/ETM+ images, Ecological Informatics, 5, 348-358.
21
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Study Of Effective Factors On Sediment Yield of Loess Deposits Using Rainfall Simulator
Loess Deposit is one of the most important Quaternary Deposits of northeastern parts of Iran which have high erosion rate. This study was performed with field- Rainfall- Simulator which has a plot area of 1 m2 in Gorganrood Drainage Basin to determine the effective factors on sediment yield. Landuse, slope and erosion feature maps were overlaid in GIS to obtain land unit map. Then on work units, rainfall simulator analyses were performed. The produced runoff and sediment in 69 points on work units were collected and were measured. Adjacent to each rainfall simulator plot, samples of surface material were collected in the field to analyze for physical and chemical characteristics. In the field, descriptive tables were prepared for different work units in which locality, slope percentage, elevation, depth of A horizon of the soil and other necessary informations were recorded. In order to determine logical relationship between different variables, regression and correlation analyses were performed. In statistical analyses, it was found that slope percentage has the highest correlation coefficient and has the highest direct relationship with sediment yield and sediment production and silt amount is the second factor. The investigation of multiple regression analyses generated a model which shows %80 of sediment production variations. In this model slope percentage, cation exchange capacity and silt have possitive relationship and Calcium cation has negetive relationship with sediment yield.
https://jrwm.ut.ac.ir/article_54938_c0c61904b05661e8f730c203585eda35.pdf
2015-08-23
399
412
10.22059/jrwm.2015.54938
loess
Sediment yield
Rainfall simulator
Gorganrood Drainage Basin
Mohammad
Nohtani
m_nohtani@yahoo.com
1
Ph. D. Student, Watershed Management, Faculty of Natural Resources, University of Tehran, I. R. Iran
AUTHOR
Sadat
Feiznia
sfeiz@ut.ac.ir
2
Professor, Faculty of Natural Resources, University of Tehran, I. R. Iran
LEAD_AUTHOR
Hasan
Ahmadi
ahmadi2@ut.ac.ir
3
Professor, Faculty of Natural Resources, University of Tehran, I. R. Iran
AUTHOR
Hamidreza
Peirovan
hrpeyrowan@yahoo.com
4
Assistant Professor in Soil Conservation and Watershed Management Research Center, Tehran, I. R. Iran
AUTHOR
[1] Ahmadi, H. and Feizna, S. (2006). Quaternary Formations (Theorical and applied principles in natural resources), University of Tehran Press, 627p.
1
[2] Bihamta, M.R. and Zare Chahouki, M.A. (2008). Principles of statistics for the natural resources science, University of Tehran Press, 300p.
2
[3] Esaee, H., Charkhabi, A.H. and Ehteraf, H. (2005). Investigation on relationships between physical and chemical characteristics with erosion forms of loessic soils in Atrak and Gorganrood Drainage Basins in Golestan Province, 3rd Erosion and Sediment National conference, 28-30 August, Soil Conservation and Watershed Management Research Center, Iran.
3
[4] Feiznia, S., Ghayumian, J. and Khaje, M. (2006). The study of the effect of physical, chemical, and climate factors on surface erosion sediment yield of loessic soils (Case study in Golestan Province), Paghuesh va Sazandegi Journal, 66, 14-24.
4
[5] Feiznia, S. (2008). Applied sedimentlogy with emphasis on soil erosion and sediment production, Agriculture and Natural Resources University of Gorgan Press, 356p.
5
[6] Golestan Province Watershed Management (2003). Report for technical helps to soil conservation in loess regions, 75p.
6
[7] HasanZade Nafuti, M., Feiznia, S., Ahmadi, H., Pierovan, H.R. and Ghayumian, J. (2009). Investigation of effects of marl physical and chemical characteristics on sediment yield using rain simulator physical model, Scientific Research Journal of Engineering Geology of Iran, 1, 35-48.
7
[8] Jamab (Engineering Counsultant Co.) (1991). Integrated water project for Iran, Goganrood Drainage Basin Report, Ministry of Energy, Iran.
8
[9] Kantari, K. (2006). Data Processing and analysis in socio-economic research, Sharif Publication, 388p.
9
[10] Khaje, M. (2003). Study of Gorganrood Drainage Basin sedimentlogy, sedimentary environment and sediment production (Il Chashmeh and GHurchay), Ph.D. Thesis, Azad Islamic University, Science and Research Branch.
10
[11] Meyer, L.D. and Harmon, W. (1984). Susceptibility of agricultural soils to inter-rill erosion, Soil Science Society of America, Journal, 48, 1152-1157.
11
[12] Mogaddam, M. (2007). Range and range management, University of Tehran Press, 350p.
12
[13] Pashaee, A. (1998). Investigation of physical and chemical characteristics and source of loess deposits in Gorgan and Rasht Areas, Journal of Geological Science, 23 &24, 67-78.
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ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Estimation suspended sediment load with sediment rating curve and artificial neural network method (Case Study: Lorestan province)
Suspended sediment estimation is an important factor from different aspects including, farming, soil conservation, dams, aquatic life, as well as various aspects of the research. There are different methods for suspended sediment estimation. This study aims to estimate suspended sediment using feed forward neural network with error back propagation with Levenberg-Marquardt back propagation algorithm and compare the results with best sediment rating curves among commonly used sediment rating curves, including: linear, seasonal, monthly and Mean load within discharge classes. To attain this, the sediment discharge and the corresponding water discharge data for ten hydrometric stations of Lorestan province of Iran were used. In next step different methods of sediment rating curves along with different correction factors, a total of 20 methods were applied to data. Results showed among examined methods; monthly rating curve with MUVE correction factor has been selected as best, based on Nash and Sutcliffe index and accuracy index. Then results of estimating sediment load by using selected sediment rating curve were compared with the results of the neural network. Mean-square error and Nash and Sutcliffe index were applied to select more appropriate method. The results showed the suitability of the feed forward neural network error propagation in compare with sediment rating curves.
https://jrwm.ut.ac.ir/article_54939_cacc9e01481cd85c54530ba3363a6409.pdf
2015-08-23
413
426
10.22059/jrwm.2015.54939
Suspended sediment load
Sediment Rating Curve
Levenberg-Marquardt algorithm
mohsen
yosefi
mohsenyosefi67@gmail.com
1
MSC of watershed management, Faculty of Desert and Natural Resources, Yazd University, Iran
LEAD_AUTHOR
Fatemeh
Barzegari
fa-barzegar@yahoo.com
2
Academic staff of agricultural department of Payamnoor university, Iran
AUTHOR
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