دانشکده منابع طبیعی دانشگاه تهران Journal of Range and Watershed Managment 5044-2008 دانشکده منابع طبیعی دانشگاه تهران 109 10.22059/jrwm.2015.53469 Research Paper Capability of hillslope version of WEPP model in prediction of runoff and soil erosion dynamic in different type of semi-arid rangeland Parvizi yahya gheitury mohammad Heshmati Mosieb 21 01 2015 67 4 501 513 04 03 2013 10 07 2013 Copyright © 2015, دانشکده منابع طبیعی دانشگاه تهران. 2015 https://jrwm.ut.ac.ir/article_53469.html

The WEPP physically model is able to dynamically simulate runoff and soil erosion using physical concepts of erosion and hydraulic of overland flow science considering plant growth, residue decomposition, winter process. Determination of the capability of this model in runoff and erosion estimation in different range type with investigation the effects of management were the main objectives of this research. This research was conducted in the Kabode placed across the Gharasoo watershed by installing erosion plot with dimension of 10×3 meter and three replications in three range types at the slopes of 25, 35 and 45%. Climate data including rainfall and air temperature was recorded in the site and additional data including wind velocity and direction, solar radiation and dew point temperature was prepared from Kermanshah synoptic climate station. Event based erosion and runoff was simulated in each plot by the v2008.9 version of the model. Results from model assessment for prediction of runoff indicated that the maximum model accuracy was in 45% slope. Also, mode relative error in runoff in 25 and 35% slope was about 0.61 liter. Overall, model performance in runoff estimation was sought in all three slopes, so that Nash-Sutcliff index was 0.96 to 0.73. Minimum and maximum estimation error in erosion prediction was occurred in 35 and 45% slope, respectively. Model prediction results indicated under-estimation in all the slopes. Negative amounts of Nash-Sutcliff index indicated confirms the low efficiency model especially in conditions prevailing in two slopes of 25 and 35%.

 WEPP erosion Runoff model efficiency Rangeland [1] Ahmadi, H., Jafari, M., Golkarian, A., Abrisham, E. and Laflen, J. (2009). Estimating water erosion and sediment using WEPP model (Case study of Bar-Erieh Watershed, Neyshabur), Pajouhesh & Sazandegi, 75, 161-172. [2] Asadi, H., Roohipour, H., Refahi, H. and Shorafa, M. (2007). Evaluation of WEPP model for interrill erosion prediction in laboratory condition, Iranian Journal of Agricultural Science, 38(4): 553-562. [3] Bowen, W., Baigorria, G., Barrera, V., Cordova, J., Muck, P. and Pastor, R. (1998). A Process-based model (WEPP) for simulating soil erosion in the Andes, CIP Program Report, Natural Resource Management in the Andes, 403-408. [4] Brazier, R.E. Beven, K.J., and Freer, J. and Rowan, J.S. (2000). Equifinality and uncertainty in physically based soil erosion models: application of the GLUE methodology to WEPP-the water erosion prediction project-for sites in the UK and USA, Earth Surface Processes and Landforms, 25(8): 825-845. [5] Dun, S., Wu, J.Q., Elliot, W.J., Robichaud, P.R., Flanagan, D.C., Frankenberger, J.R., Brown, R.E. and Xu, A.C. (2009). Adapting the Water Erosion Prediction Project (WEPP) model for forest applications, Journal of Hydrology, 366, 46-54. [6] Elliot, W.J. (2004). WEPP Internet Interfaces for Forest Erosion Prediction, Journal of the American Water Resources Association, 40(2): 299-309. [7] Flanagan, D.C., Gilley, J.E. and Franti, T.G. (2007). Water erosion prediction project (WEPP): Development history, model capabilities, and future enhancements, Biological Systems Engineering: Papers and Publications,Paper 27. University of Nebraska - Lincoln. USA. [8] Flanagan, D.C. and Nearing, M.A. (ed.). (1995). USDA-Water Erosion Prediction Project: Technical Documentation, NSERL Report No. 10. West Lafayette, IN, USA. [9] Foltz, R.B., Elliot, W.J. and Wagenbrenner, N.S. (2011). Soil erosion model predictions using parent material texture-based parameters compared to using site specific parameters, Transactions of the ASABE American Society of Agricultural and Biological Engineers, 54(4): 1347-1356. [10] Ghidey F., Alberts, E.E. and Kramer, L. (2000). Comparisons of measured and WEPP predicted runoff and sediment loss from deep Loess soils watershed, Soil Erosion for 21st century symposium, USDA-Agricultural Research Service. [11] Grace, J.M. (2007). Modeling Erosion from Forest Roads with WEPP, http://www.dcs.ufla.br/site/_adm/upload/file/pdf/Prof%20Marx/Aula%205/Outro%20art%20interesse/Grace_WEPP_estradas%20florestais.pdf (21/02/2013). [12] Halil, K. (2002). Comparison of Erosion and Runoff Predicted by WEPP and AGNPS Models Using a Geographic Information System, Turkish Journal of Agriculture, 26, 261-268. [13] Kincaid, D.C. (2002). The WEPP model for runoff and erosion prediction under center pivot irrigation, Transactions of the ASAE American Society of Agricultural Engineers, 45(1): 67-72. [14] Laflen, J.M., Flanagan, D.C. and Enge, B.A. (2008). Soil erosion and sediment yield prediction accuracy using WEPP, Journal of the American Water Resources Association, 40(2): 289-294. [15] Lane, L.J., Nichols, M.H. and Paige, G.B. (2009). Modeling erosion on hillslopes: Concepts, theory, and data, USDA-Agricultural Research Service, Tucson AZ, USA. [16] Nash, J.E. and Sutcliffe, J.V. (1970). River flow forecasting through conceptual models, 1: A discussion of principles, Journal of Hydrology, 10,282-290. [17] Pieri, L., Bittelli, M., Wu, J.Q., Dun, S., Flanagan, D.C., Pisa, P.R., Ventura, F. and Salvatorelli, F. (2007). Using the Water Erosion Prediction Project (WEPP) model to simulate field-observed runoff and erosion in the Apennines Mountain Range, Italy, Journal of Hydrology, 336, 84-97. [18] Srivastava, A., Dobre, M., Bruner, E., Elliot, W.J., Miller, I.S. and Wu, J.Q. (2011). Application of the WEPP model to simulate streamflow in Apnforest watershed, Proceedings of International Symposium on Erosion and Landscape Evolution, Anchorage, Alaska. [19] Wilcox, B.P. and Simanon, J.R. (1996). Predicting runoff in semiarid woodlands: Evaluation of the WEPP model, USDA- ARS. TEKTRAN. [20] Zhang, X.C., Nearing, M.A., Risse, L.M. and McGregor, K. (1995). Evaluation of WEPP runoff and soil loss predictions using natural runoff plot data, American Society of Agricultural Engineering, p. 95-2381. ASAE Meeting, Chicago, IL June, 18-23, 1995.
دانشکده منابع طبیعی دانشگاه تهران Journal of Range and Watershed Managment 5044-2008 دانشکده منابع طبیعی دانشگاه تهران 109 10.22059/jrwm.2015.53470 Research Paper Investigation the effects of flood water spreading on Infiltration trend in Bushehr Province Jafari Ali Tavakoli rad Fatemeh 21 01 2015 67 4 515 524 19 09 2012 31 01 2014 Copyright © 2015, دانشکده منابع طبیعی دانشگاه تهران. 2015 https://jrwm.ut.ac.ir/article_53470.html

Flood spreading has an effective role in the soil improvement and fertility, ground water storage, revival of vegetation and prevention of fluent sands movement. One of the main problem of flood spreading projects is the entrance of sediment to the spreading systems and sedimentation in it. Sediment reduces the efficiency of the flood spreading system and after awhile lose its efficiency.The main aim of this research is the investigation of infiltrate changes trend under effect of flood spreading in Tangestan flood spreading station (Bushehr province). In this research, soil surface infiltration in spreading and control area were measured with double rings method. For investigating of these changes the intervals between flood spreadng channels, the first, second and third rows were selected. Data were analyzed by Kruskal-Wallis test. Due to the significant level of this test, less than 0.01, can be expressed that between the infiltration of flood spreading rows and control area were significant difference.

 "Bushehr" "Flood spreading" "Infiltration changes" "Sediment" [1] Adams, W.A. and Kassin, J.K. (1983). The origin of vermiculite in soils developed from lower Paleozoic sedimentary rocks in Mid-Wales, Soil Science, 47, 316-320. [2] Amiri, M. (2004). Origin of clay and silt in Kaboderahang water flood spreading station, Final report of reseach project, Soil Conservation and Watershed Management Research Institute. (In Persian). [3] Baybordi, M. (1981). Soil formation and classification, Tehran University Press, pp. 144-46. (In Persian). [4] Heidari, F. (2000). Investigation the effects of sedimentation on soil infiltration in Abbarik water flood station, M.Sc. thesis, Islamic Azad University, Tehran. (In Persian). [5] Jones, O.R. and Gossand Scheider, D.W.W. (1981). Management of recharge Basin on the Southern high plains, Tias.ASAE, 24(4): 980-987, 997. [6] Kamali, K. (1998). Investigation the effects of depisited alluvial on soil infiltration in Khorasan province, M.Sc. thesis, Islamic Azad University, Tehran. (In Persian). [7] Khalfi, J., Bayat Movahed, F., Reazaei, A. and Mojtahedi, GH. (2007). Effects of flood spreading on chemical-physical characteristics of soil surface in Zanjan province, Journal of Soil and Water Sciences, 20(2): 319-327. (In Persian). [8] Kohian Afzal, F. (1997). Evaluation of artificial nutrition project of Nodab Estahban, Shiraz University, Faculty of Science, Department of Geology. (In Persian). [9] Mohamadi, A. and Esmaeilinasab, A. (2001). Investigation the effects of water flood spreading on physical properties of soil, Proceedings of the second conference of flood spreading stations achievements, Soil Conservation and Watershed Management Research Institute, pp. 55-61. (In Persian). [10] Peirovani, A., BoromandNasab, S. and Charkhabi, A.H. (2004). Investigation of flood spreading on soil infiltration trend in Dehloran aquifer, Proceedings of the Third conference of Aquifer management, Soil Conservation and Watershed Management Institute, Oromiyeh. (In Persian). [11] Shamsolmaali, N. (2009). Investigation the effects of flood spreading on soil infiltration trend of soil surface, M.Sc. thesis, Department of Natural Resources, Tehran University. (In Persian). [12] Shariati, M.H. (2001). Investigation the effects of water flood spreading on soil infiltration in Damghan, M.Sc. thesis, Imam Khomeini education center. (In Persian). [13] Zomoradi, K. (1990). Opitimal recharge in intermittent Malt basin system, ASCE, J. Water resourse plan and Management, 116(5): 639-651.
دانشکده منابع طبیعی دانشگاه تهران Journal of Range and Watershed Managment 5044-2008 دانشکده منابع طبیعی دانشگاه تهران 109 10.22059/jrwm.2015.53471 Research Paper Mapping the potential habitat of Zygophylum eurypterum in North East of Semnan, using Ecological Niche Factor Analysis khalasiahwazi leila Zare Chahouki Mohammad Ali 21 01 2015 67 4 525 536 18 03 2013 26 06 2014 Copyright © 2015, دانشکده منابع طبیعی دانشگاه تهران. 2015 https://jrwm.ut.ac.ir/article_53471.html

Zygophyllum atriplicoides is one of the most important rangeland plants that often seen as associated species and rarely seen as the dominant species in ranglands rangelands which is very critical for soil  in starting and ending points of each transect. Measured soil properties (included gravel, texture, organic matter, lime, pH and electrical conductivity) and physiography (elevation and slope) is measured also. By importing the information layers in appropriate model and using necessary statistical analysis in ENFA model, the map of its potential habitat has been created. The results showed that 25200 hectares of study site is potential habitat of Zygophyllum atriplicoides which is 34 percent of study site. To evaluate the verity of this model, Boyce index has been used and model rectitude in this test was determined as 87.2 percent. The result of this model is shown that PH and Lime are the main effective factor to determine potential suitable of this plant species.

 Ecological niche factor analysis North East of Semnan Biomap : Zygophylum eurypterum References [1] Allen, R.B., Hewit, A.E. and Partidge, T.R. (1995). Predicting and use suitability vegetation and landform in depleted semi- arid grassland, New Zealand, Landscape and Urban Planning, 130p. [2] Beno, B. (1998). Desert perennials as plant and soil indicators in Eastern Arabia, Plant and soil Journal, 199, 261-266. [3] Black, C.A. (1979). Methods of soil analysis, American Society of Agronomy, 2, 771-1572. [4] Carneval, N.J. and Torres, P.S (1990). The relevance of physical factors on species distribution in inland salt marshes (Argentina), Coenoses, 5(2): 113-120. [5] Caccianiga M., Luzzaro, A., Pierce, S., Ceriani, R.M. and Cerabolini, B. (2006). The functional basis of a primary succession resolved by CSR classification, Oikos, 112, 10-20. [6] Dieckmann, U., Law, R. and Metz, J.A.J. (2000). 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دانشکده منابع طبیعی دانشگاه تهران Journal of Range and Watershed Managment 5044-2008 دانشکده منابع طبیعی دانشگاه تهران 109 10.22059/jrwm.2015.53472 Research Paper Investigation of Climate Change Effect on Drought Characteristics in the Future Period using the HadCM3 model (Case Study: Northwest of Iran) salehpour jam amin Mohseni Saravi Mohsen Bazrafshan Javad Khalighi Shahram 21 01 2015 67 4 537 548 23 04 2013 29 08 2013 Copyright © 2015, دانشکده منابع طبیعی دانشگاه تهران. 2015 https://jrwm.ut.ac.ir/article_53472.html

Investigation of drought event has a great importance in the natural resources management and planning water resources management. In this research, the effect of the climate change on drought characteristics in northwest of Iran was investigated using the HadCM3 model under A2 scenario. The statistical downscaling was executed using SDSM 4.2.9 and observed daily precipitation, observed predictors and large-scale predictors derived from the HadCM3 model. Afterwards the SPI was calculated for different time scales of 3, 12, 24 and 48 months in the observed period of 1977-2006 and three periods of 2007-2036, 2037-2066 and 2067-2096. Obtained results show that the mean annual precipitation at the stations of Ardebil, Khoy and Oroomieh was decreased in the future periods and it was also increased at the station of Tabriz in the future period. The Ardebil station with the depletion of 97 mm (32 %) in the fourth period than the observed period has maximum rate of the depletion. The results also show that the drought occurrence with more intensity, duration and frequency can occur in the future periods. The comparison of the results between different stations shows that the Ardebil station has the most intensity of dry period in time scales of 3, 12 and 24 months based on the maximum cumulative intensity of dry periods among the stations. On the time scale of 48 months, the Oroomieh station with the cumulative intensity of -92.78, has the most intensity of dry period between the different stations.

 climate change Drought characteristics Statistical Downscaling SPI Hadcm3 Model [1] Abbasi, F. and Asmari, M. (2011). Forecasting and assessment of climate change over Iran during future decades using MAGICC-SCENGEN model, Water and Soil, 25, 70-83. [2] Bootsma, A., Gameda, S. and McKenney, D.W. (2005). Impacts of potential climate change on selected agroclimatic indices in Atlantic Canada, Canadian Journal of soil science, 85, 329-343. [3] Dastorani, M.T., Massah Bavani, A.R., Poormohammadi, S. and Rahimian, M.H. (2011). Assessment of potential climate change impacts on drought indicators (case study: Yazd Station, Central Iran), Desert, 16, 159-167. [4] Golmohammadi, M. and Massah Bavani, A. (2011). Investigation of climate change impact on drought intensity and duration, Water and Soil, 25, 315-326. [5] IPCC (Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change) (2007). Summary for policy makers. In: IPCC. Climate change: The physical Science basic, Contribution of working group first to the Fourth assessment report of the intergovernmental panel on climate change, Cambridge university press, 450p. [6] Labedzki, L. (2006). Estimation of local drought frequency in central Poland using the standardized precipitation Index (SPI), Irrigation and Drainage, 56, 67-77. [7] Lazar, B. and Williams, M. (2008). Climate change in western ski areas: potential changes in the timing of wet avalanches and snow quality for the Aspen ski area in the years 2030 and 2100, Cold regions science and technology, 51, 219-228. [8] Loukas, A., Vasiliades, L. and Tzabiras, J. (2008). Climate change effects on drought severity, Advances in Geosciences, 17, 23-29. [9] McKee, T.B., Doesken, N.J. and Kleist, J. (1993). The relationship of drought frequency and duration to time scales, 8th conference on applied climatology, Anaheim, USA. [10] Mohammadi, H., Moghbel, M. and Ranjbar, F. (2010). The study of Iran's precipitation and temperature changes using MAGICC-SCENGEN model, Journal of Geography, 25, 125-142. [11] Mohammadi, H. and Taghavi, F. (2005). Trend of extreme indices of temperature and precipitation in Tehran, Geography researches, 53, 151-172. [12] Morid, S., Moghaddam, M., Paymozd, Sh. and Ghaemi, H. (2005). Design of Tehran province drought monitoring system, Final Report, Water Resources Management Co. (WRMC-Iran), 196p. [13] Sayari, N., Alizadeh, A., Bannayan, M., Farid Hossaini, A. and Hesami Kermani, M.R. (2011). Comparison of two GCM models (HadCM3 and CGCM2) for the prediction of climate parameters and crop water use under climate change (case study: Kashafrood Basin), Water and Soil, 25, 912-925. [14] Schoof, J.T. and Pryor, S.C. (2001). Downscaling temperature and precipitation: A Comparison of regression-based methods and artificial neural networks, International Journal of climatology, 21, 773-790. [15] Wilby, R.L. and Wigley, T.M.L. (2000). Precipitation predictors for downscaling: Observed and general circulation model relationships, International Journal of Climatology, 20, 641-661.
دانشکده منابع طبیعی دانشگاه تهران Journal of Range and Watershed Managment 5044-2008 دانشکده منابع طبیعی دانشگاه تهران 109 10.22059/jrwm.2015.53473 Research Paper Investigation of Atriplex induced soil chemical changes (Case study: Hossein Abad Hapeshloo) Investigation of Atriplex induced soil chemical Abbasi Khalaki Masoomeh Jafary Mohammad Tavili Ali moameri mehdi 21 01 2015 67 4 549 558 11 01 2011 11 06 2010 Copyright © 2015, دانشکده منابع طبیعی دانشگاه تهران. 2015 https://jrwm.ut.ac.ir/article_53473.html

To find the effect of Atriplex canescens on soil chemical properties, two adjacent areas, each with and area of 1 ha, were selected in Hossein Abad Hapeshloo Shahryar. In one area it was planted Atriplex canescens in 2003 while the later one without Atriplex canescens was considered as control area. To sample soil, random- systematic method was used along 3 transects with a length of 100 m. In planting site transects were established perpendicularly on furrows were while in control site they were established parallel. Along each transect, 3 profiles were dug in initiate, medium and end points of each transect under shrubs and samples were taken from two depths (0- 30 cm and > 30 cm). Then, soil characteristics including texture, pH, Ec, Lime (CaCo3), ESP, organic mater (OM) and elements of Na, K, Ca, Mg and N were measured in laboratory. The results of this study showed that pH and Mg were significantly reduced in planting site compared of control. In addition, Na, Mg, Lime and Ca were significantly increased in planting site in comparison to control.

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دانشکده منابع طبیعی دانشگاه تهران Journal of Range and Watershed Managment 5044-2008 دانشکده منابع طبیعی دانشگاه تهران 109 10.22059/jrwm.2015.53474 Research Paper Effect of mycorrhiza inoculation on seedlings establishment and morphological parameters of Bromus kopetdaghensis L. under field conditions Azimi Reyhane Jankju Mohammad Asghari Hamid Reza 21 01 2015 67 4 559 570 19 09 2013 14 11 2013 Copyright © 2015, دانشکده منابع طبیعی دانشگاه تهران. 2015 https://jrwm.ut.ac.ir/article_53474.html

Improved pasture establishment in plants, especially in arid and semi-arid is very important Application of biological fertilizers in pasture can be considered as a useful approach. that is one of the sources of the symbiotic fungus.. The purpose of the present study was to investigate the possibility of enhancing seedling establishment and growth rate of Bromus kopetdaghensis under natural habitats by inoculation with mycorrhiza species, Seeds of alfalfa were sown under greenhouse for 20 days and inculcated with two species of Glomus intraradices and Glomus mosseae. After one month growth, the inoculated seedlings were transplanted into the natural as sub plots as split plot based on RCBD (Randomized complete block design) were evaluated with three replication. Inoculation percent with G.mosseae was 62/7 % and with of G. intraradices 81/3%. Symbiosis increased establishment of alfalfa at the early and late growth stages, with stronger effects G,intra than G.mosseae. Furthermore leaf and root dry matter, total dry matter and the ratio of above ground to underground plant parts was increased in association with G. intraradices, where as such effects were not associated with G.mosseae. In conclusions, it Glomus intraradices can be used as a biological fertilizer for establishment of alfalfa in semiarid rangeland of Bahar Kish rangeland, Quchan.

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دانشکده منابع طبیعی دانشگاه تهران Journal of Range and Watershed Managment 5044-2008 دانشکده منابع طبیعی دانشگاه تهران 109 10.22059/jrwm.2015.53475 Research Paper Relationship between morphological characteristics of seeds in semi-steppe rangelands with Endozoochory fazelian sepideh tahmasbi Pejman Shirmardi Hamzehali 21 01 2015 67 4 571 585 14 11 2013 16 01 2015 Copyright © 2015, دانشکده منابع طبیعی دانشگاه تهران. 2015 https://jrwm.ut.ac.ir/article_53475.html

Endozoochory is one of the seed dispersal modes through animal’s digestive systems transmission and the increases rate germination and plant establishment. The aim of this study, investigated the relationship between seed characteristics and the passage through the digestive tract of livestock and domestic animals (cattle, sheep and goats) in the 7 species perennial grass 8 species perennial forbs and 3 species annuals forbs in semi-steppe rangelands of Chaharmahal and Bakhtiari. The first, morphological seeds characteristics including: seed weight, length, width and shape of the seeds measured, and Seeds were fed to the livestock (animal treatments) and the excreta collected to order records germination success of plant species in a greenhouse during a four months experiment. Using multiple regression models the relationship between seed characteristics and success germination was evaluated and compared for different animals. Simple linear regression showed that the percentage of germination after passing through the digestive tract of livestock and properties measured, there is no communication and seed size, weight, length and width of the seed does not affect the animal through the gastrointestinal tract. The logarithmic regression showed that for perennial grasses between seed length and germination, exists direct relationship in all animal treatments. The results of this study showed that, there is no Correlation between morphological characteristics of seeds and passing through the digestive tract of livestock.

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دانشکده منابع طبیعی دانشگاه تهران Journal of Range and Watershed Managment 5044-2008 دانشکده منابع طبیعی دانشگاه تهران 109 10.22059/jrwm.2015.53476 Research Paper Effect of slope length on spatially variation of concentration Golkarian Ali 21 01 2015 67 4 587 601 06 10 2010 18 05 2011 Copyright © 2015, دانشکده منابع طبیعی دانشگاه تهران. 2015 https://jrwm.ut.ac.ir/article_53476.html

Erosion is one of the important factors in soil degradation and decrease fertility and slope length is one of the most effective factors in land form and amount of erosion. The objective of this study was investigation of spatially variation of sediment concentration in slope length until to receive transport capacity. To obtain this goal a hill slope simulator system designed and manufactured. This system include 10 flumes, each has five meter length which after series them become fifty meters. This system can produce cumulative flow via fifty watering can tube which are install on flumes with one meter interval and each flume discharging is 100 cc. Other variables include two type of soil and slope in three level 15, 22.5, 30 percent. Three replications were used for each treatment and totally 18 experiment was done. In each experiment four samples were gathered from end of each flume and concentration was determined. Complete randomized design with factorial arrangement was used for data analyzing. Richard’s function was used for fitting a suitable curve on observed data. Result was shown that effect of soil type on sediment concentration was not significant while slope and slope length effects was significant. Otherwise sediment concentration in the two last flumes was located in same class which is shown that sediment concentration achieved to transport capacity in this slope length. Also results were shown that Richard’s function can simulate trend of concentration variety in slope length.

 erosion Sediment concentration Slope length Transport capacity [1] Aksoy, H.L. and Kavvas, M. (2005). A review of hillslope and watershed scale erosion and sediment transport models, Catena, 64, 247-271. [2] Alonso, C.V., Neibling, W.H. and Foster, G.R. (1981). Estimating sediment capacity in watershed modeling, Trans. ASAE, 24, 1211-1220, 1226. [3] Bennett, S.J. (1999). Effect of Slope on the growth and migration of headcuts in rill, Geomorphology, 30, 273-290. [4] Bradford, J.M. and Foster, G.R. (1996). Interrill soil erosion and slope steepness factors. Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J., 60, 909-915. [5] Elliot, W.J., Laflen, J.M. and Foster, G.R. (1993). Soil erodibility nomographs for the WEPP model, paper No 932046, presented at the 1993 Int. summer Meeting of ASAE and CSAE, Spokane, Washington. [6] Flanagan, D.C. and Nearing, M.A . (ed.) (1995). USDA-Water Erosion Prediction Project: Hillslope Profile and Watershed Model Documentation, NSERL Report No. 10. West Lafayette, Ind.: USDA-ARS Nat. Soil Erosion Research Lab. [7] Flanagan, D.C. and Nearing, M.A. (ed.) (1995). USDA-Water Erosion Prediction Project: Hillslope Profile and Watershed Model Documentation, NSERL Report No. 10. West Lafayette, Ind.: USDA-ARS Nat. Soil Erosion Research Lab. [8] Govers, G. (1990). Empirical relationship for the transporting capacity of overland flow. In: Walling, D.E., Yair, A., Berckowicz, C. (Eds.), Erosion, Transport, and Deposition Processes, Proceedings of the erusalem Workshop, vol. 189. IAHS Pub., Wallingford, UK, pp. 45-64. [9] Harisin, P.B. and Rose, C.W. (1991). Rainfall detachment and deposition: sediment transport in the absence of flow-driven processes, Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J., 55, 320-324. [10] Harisine, P.B. and Rose, C.W. (1992). Modeling water erosion due to overland flow using physical principles, 2. Rill Flow. Water Reso. Res., 28(1): 245-250. [11] Hogarth, W.L., Parlange, J.Y., Rose, C.W., Sander, G.C., Steenhuis, T.S. and Barry, A. (2004). Soil erosion due to rainfall impact with inflow: An Analytical solution with spatial and temporal effects, J. Hydro., 295, 140-148. [12] Huang, C., Wells, L.K. and Norton, L. D. (1999). Sediment transport capacity and erosion processes: Model concepts and reality, Earth Surf. Process. Landforms, 24, 503-516. [13] Huang, C.-H., Bradford, J.M. and Laflen, J.M. (1996). Evaluation of the detachment-transport coupling concept in the WEPP rill erosion equation, Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J., 60, 734-739. [14] Lei, T.W., Nearing, M.A., Haghighi, K. and Bralts, V.F. (1998). Rill erosion and morphological evolution: A simulation model, Water Reso. Res., 34, 3157-3168. [15] Lei, T.W., Zhang, Q.W., Zhao, J. and Nearing, M.A. (2006). Tracing sediment dynamics and sources in eroding rills with rare earth elements, European J. Soil Sci., 57, 287-294. [16] Lei, T.W., Zhang, Q.W., Zhao, J., Xia, W.S. and Pan, Y.H. (2002). Soil detachment rates for sediment loaded flow in rills, Transactions the ASAE, 45, 1897-1903. [17] Mahmoodabadi, M., Rejahi, H.D. and Rouhipour, H. (2007). Study on interrill and rill erosion and related processes using rainfall and runoff simulation. Ph.D. Thesis, Tehran University, 256 p. [18] Marques, M.J., Bienes, R., Jimenez, L. and Perez-Rodriguez, R. (2007). Effect of Vegetal Cover on Runoff and Soil Erosion under Light Intensity Events, Rainfall Simulation over USLE Plots, Science of the Total Environment, 378, 161-165. [19] Merten, G.H. and Nearing, M.A. (2001). Effect of sediment load on soil detachment and deposition in rills, Soil Sci.Soc. Am. J., 65, 861-868. [20] Misra, R.K. and Rose, C.W. (1996). Application and sensitivity analysis of process-based erosion model GUEST, Eur. J. Soil Sci, 47, 593-604. [21] Nearing, M.A., Bradford, J.M. and Parker, SC. (1991). Soil detachment by shallow flow at low slopes, Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J., 55, 339-344. [22] Nearing, M.A., Foster, G.R. Lane L.J. and Finkner, S.C. (1989). A process-based soil erosion model for USDA-water erosion prediction project technology, Trans. ASAE, 32,1587-1593. [23] Nearing, M.A., Norton, L.D., Bulgakov, D.A., Larionov, G.A., West, L.T. and Dontsova, K.M. (1997). Hydraulics and erosion in eroding rills, Water Resour. Res, 33(4): 865-876. [24] Polyakov, V.O. and Nearing. M.A. (2003). Sediment transport in rill flow under deposition and detachment conditions, USDA-ARS National Soil Erosion Research Laboratory, West Lafayette, IN 47907-1196, USA. [25] Rejman, J., Turski, R. and Paaluszek, J. (1998). Spatial and Temporal Variation in Erodibility of Loss Soil, Soil and Tillage Research, 46, 61-68. [26] Sadeghi, H.R., Bashari, M. and Rangavar, A.S. (2008). Comparing the sediment variation with hillside direction and plot length in storm wise soil erosion, Soil & water 22, number 2. [27] Shainberg, I., Goldstein, D. and Levy, G.J. (1996). Rill erosion dependence on soil water content aging and temperature. Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J., 60, 916-922. [28] Tayfur, G. (2002). Applicability of sediment transport capacity models for non-steady state erosion from steep slopes. ASCE. J. Hydro. Eng., 7(3): 252-259. [29] Toy, T.J., Foster, G.R. and Reynard, K.G. (2002). Soil Erosion Processes, Prediction, Measurement and Control, John Wiley and Sons, New York, 338p. [30] Zachar, D. (1984). Soil Erosion, Problems and Methods of Soil Erosion Research, VEDA, Brtislava, 547p. [31] Zhang, G.H., Liu, B.Y., Nearing, M.A., Huang, C.H. and Zhang, K.L. (2002). Soil detachment by shallow flow, Trans. ASAE., 45, 351-357. [32] Zhang, X.C., Li, Z.B. and Ding, W.F. (2005). Validation of WEPP sediment feedback relationships using spatially distributed rill erosion data, Soil Science Society of America Journal, 69, 1440-1447. [33] Zhang, X.C., Tingwu, Lei and Jun, Zhao (2008). Estimation of the detachment rate in eroding rills in flume experiments using an REE tracing method, Geoderma, 147, 8-15 [34] Zheng, F.L., Huang, C.H. and Norton, L.D. (2000). Vertical hydraulic gradient and run-on water and sediment effects on erosion processes and sediment regimes, Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J., 64, 4-11.
دانشکده منابع طبیعی دانشگاه تهران Journal of Range and Watershed Managment 5044-2008 دانشکده منابع طبیعی دانشگاه تهران 109 10.22059/jrwm.2015.53477 Research Paper Monitoring of soil salinity using ASTER satellite data to evaluate desertification in the Marvast plain, Yazd province Monitoring of soil salinity using ASTER satellite data to evaluate desertification giveiiashraf zahra Hakimzade Mohammad Ali Zare Mohammad Ebrahimi Khusfii Zohre Dashtakian Kazem 21 01 2015 67 4 603 616 28 05 2013 24 08 2013 Copyright © 2015, دانشکده منابع طبیعی دانشگاه تهران. 2015 https://jrwm.ut.ac.ir/article_53477.html

Desertification relates to the both the process and end state of drylands degradation. Salinization and alkalinization are two indicators of soil degradation in arid and semi-arid regions. The main objectives of this research is monitoring of soil salinity using high spectral and spatial resolution of remote sensing to assess desertification in the Marvast plain, Yazd province. Two images of Terra satellite, ASTER synchronous to 2003 and 2010 are used. After preprocessing and analyzing of the images, relationship between parameters of soil salinity (i.e. SAR and EC) and spectral reflections were determined and, both two satellite images were classified using maximum likelihood method. Then, the surface area of each class and the amount of its changes were calculated. Results showed that during the period of 7 years (2003-2010), area of non-saline lands has decreased while, the area of saline land has increased, which leads to the salinization of agricultural lands, reduction of its yield and also extent of desertification in this region. Accuracy of EC map classification for 2003 and 2010 images are 87.5% and, 82.5%, respectively. Kappa coefficients for both images are 0.83 and 0.76. Accuracy of SAR map classification for 2003 and 2010images are 87.5% and 87.5%, respectively. Kappa coefficients for these two images are 0.81 and 0.77, respectively. Generally, it can be conclude that using of remote sensing data, especially ASTER images has high efficiency for change detection analysis in soil salinity and natural resources management.

 ASTER Desertification Marvast monitoring Soil Salinity [1] Abrams, M. and Hook, S. (2004). ASTER User Guide (version 2), Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL) and EROS Data Center, Pasadena, 135 pp. [2] Alavipanah, S.K. (2003). Application of remote sensing in Earth sciences (Soil science), Tehran University Press, 478 pages (in Farsi). [3] Alavipanah, S.K., Ehsani, A. H. and Omidi, P. (2004). Study of desertification and changes in Damghan playa using multi-spectral and multi-temporal satellite data, Iranian Journal of Desert, 9(1):143-154 (in Farsi). [4] Amini, M. (1999). Evaluation of soil salinity and alkalinity using Geostatistical in the selected soil of Rodasht, MSc Thesis, Department of Agriculture, Isfahan University of Technology, 119 pages (in Farsi). [5] Dadrasi Sabzevari, A. and Pakparvar, M. (2007). Determination of lands affected by desertification using near and remote sensing in Sabzevar desert area, Iranian Journal of Range and Desert Research, 14(1): 33-52 (in Farsi). [6] Dashtakian, K. and Pakparvar, M. (2007). Study of soil salinity trend using Landsat images in Marvast, Natural Resources and Agriculture Research Center of Yazd, Technical Report (in Farsi). [7] Dashtakian, K., Pakparvar, M. and Abdollahi, J. (2008). Study of soil salinity preparing methods by using landsat images in Marvast, Iranian Journal of Range and Desert Research, 15(2): 139-157 (in Farsi). [8] Feizi Zadeh, B., Jafari, F. and Nazmfar, H. (2008). Application of remote sensing data in change detection of urban land uses: (Case study: Green spaces in Tabriz), Journal of Fine Art, 34, 17-24 (in Farsi). [9] Garcia, M., Oyonarte, C., Villagarcia, L., Contreras, S., Domingo, F. and Puigdefabregas, J. (2008). Monitoring land degradation risk using ASTER data: The non-evaporative fraction as an indicator of ecosystem function, Remote Sensing of Environment, 112, 3720-3736. [10] Giveii Ashraf, Z. (2011). Monitoring of soil salinity using remote sensing data in order to specific management of agricultural lands in the Marvast Plain, Yazd province, MSc thesis, Yazd University, Yazd, (in Farsi). [11] Huang, S. and Siegert, F. (2006). Land cover classification optimized to detect areas at risk of desertification in North China based on SPOT VEGETATION imagery, Journal of Arid Environments, 67(2): 308-327. [12] Liu, H., Zhou, CH., Cheng, W., Long, E. and Li, R. (2008). Monitoring sandy desertification of Otindag sandy land based on multi-date remote sensing images, Acta Ecologica Sinica, 28(2): 627-635. [13] Nazari, R., Rangzan, K., Abshirini, A. and Moezi, A. (2008). Mapping of soil salinity using satellite ASTER data and GIS in sugarcane land management (Case study: Sugarcane land of industry of Khazaee Debal, Khuzestan), Proceeding of Geomatics 1387 (in Farsi). [14] Wu, J., Vincent, B., Yang, J., Bouarfa, S. and Vidal, A. (2008). Remote sensing monitoring of changes in soil salinity: A case study in Inner Mongolia, China, Journal of Sensors, 8, 7035-7049. [15] Zare Ernani, M. (2009). Biophysical Assessment of Desertification in the Yazd-Ardakan basin, Iran, PhD thesis, Ghent University, Belgium. Monitoring of soil salinity using ASTER satellite data to evaluate desertification in the Marvast plain, Yazd province Z. Giveii Ashraf1*, M. A. Hakimzade2, M. Zare 2*, Z. Ebrahimi Khusfii1 and K. Dashtakian3 1. MSc of Arid lands Management 2. Assistant Professor, Faculty of Natural Resources and Eremology, Yazd University, Iran 3. Academic members of Agriculture and Natural Resources Research Center of Yazd Received date: 28-May-2013   Accepted date: 24-Aug.-2013  Desertification relates to the both the process and end state of drylands degradation. Salinization and alkalinization are two indicators of soil degradation in arid and semi-arid regions. The main objectives of this research is monitoring of soil salinity using high spectral and spatial resolution of remote sensing to assess desertification in the Marvast plain, Yazd province. Two images of Terra satellite, ASTER synchronous to 2003 and 2010 are used. After preprocessing and analyzing of the images, relationship between parameters of soil salinity (i.e. SAR and EC) and spectral reflections were determined and, both two satellite images were classified using maximum likelihood method. Then, the surface area of each class and the amount of its changes were calculated. Results showed that during the period of 7 years (2003-2010), area of non-saline lands has decreased while, the area of saline land has increased, which leads to the salinization of agricultural lands, reduction of its yield and also extent of desertification in this region. Accuracy of EC map classification for 2003 and 2010 images are 87.5% and, 82.5%, respectively. Kappa coefficients for both images are 0.83 and 0.76. Accuracy of SAR map classification for 2003 and 2010 images are 87.5% and 87.5%, respectively. Kappa coefficients for these two images are 0.81 and 0.77, respectively. Generally, it can be conclude that using of remote sensing data, especially ASTER images has high efficiency for change detection analysis in soil salinity and natural resources management. Keywords: ASTER, desertification, Marvast, monitoring, soil salinity [1] Abrams, M. and Hook, S. (2004). ASTER User Guide (version 2), Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL) and EROS Data Center, Pasadena, 135 pp. [2] Alavipanah, S.K. (2003). Application of remote sensing in Earth sciences (Soil science), Tehran University Press, 478 pages (in Farsi). [3] Alavipanah, S.K., Ehsani, A. H. and Omidi, P. (2004). Study of desertification and changes in Damghan playa using multi-spectral and multi-temporal satellite data, Iranian Journal of Desert, 9(1):143-154 (in Farsi). [4] Amini, M. (1999). Evaluation of soil salinity and alkalinity using Geostatistical in the selected soil of Rodasht, MSc Thesis, Department of Agriculture, Isfahan University of Technology, 119 pages (in Farsi). [5] Dadrasi Sabzevari, A. and Pakparvar, M. (2007). Determination of lands affected by desertification using near and remote sensing in Sabzevar desert area, Iranian Journal of Range and Desert Research, 14(1): 33-52 (in Farsi). [6] Dashtakian, K. and Pakparvar, M. (2007). Study of soil salinity trend using Landsat images in Marvast, Natural Resources and Agriculture Research Center of Yazd, Technical Report (in Farsi). [7] Dashtakian, K., Pakparvar, M. and Abdollahi, J. (2008). Study of soil salinity preparing methods by using landsat images in Marvast, Iranian Journal of Range and Desert Research, 15(2): 139-157 (in Farsi). [8] Feizi Zadeh, B., Jafari, F. and Nazmfar, H. (2008). Application of remote sensing data in change detection of urban land uses: (Case study: Green spaces in Tabriz), Journal of Fine Art, 34, 17-24 (in Farsi). [9] Garcia, M., Oyonarte, C., Villagarcia, L., Contreras, S., Domingo, F. and Puigdefabregas, J. (2008). Monitoring land degradation risk using ASTER data: The non-evaporative fraction as an indicator of ecosystem function, Remote Sensing of Environment, 112, 3720-3736. [10] Giveii Ashraf, Z. (2011). Monitoring of soil salinity using remote sensing data in order to specific management of agricultural lands in the Marvast Plain, Yazd province, MSc thesis, Yazd University, Yazd, (in Farsi). [11] Huang, S. and Siegert, F. (2006). Land cover classification optimized to detect areas at risk of desertification in North China based on SPOT VEGETATION imagery, Journal of Arid Environments, 67(2): 308-327. [12] Liu, H., Zhou, CH., Cheng, W., Long, E. and Li, R. (2008). Monitoring sandy desertification of Otindag sandy land based on multi-date remote sensing images, Acta Ecologica Sinica, 28(2): 627-635. [13] Nazari, R., Rangzan, K., Abshirini, A. and Moezi, A. (2008). Mapping of soil salinity using satellite ASTER data and GIS in sugarcane land management (Case study: Sugarcane land of industry of Khazaee Debal, Khuzestan), Proceeding of Geomatics 1387 (in Farsi). [14] Wu, J., Vincent, B., Yang, J., Bouarfa, S. and Vidal, A. (2008). Remote sensing monitoring of changes in soil salinity: A case study in Inner Mongolia, China, Journal of Sensors, 8, 7035-7049. [15] Zare Ernani, M. (2009). Biophysical Assessment of Desertification in the Yazd-Ardakan basin, Iran, PhD thesis, Ghent University, Belgium. Monitoring of soil salinity using ASTER satellite data to evaluate desertification in the Marvast plain, Yazd province Z. Giveii Ashraf1*, M. A. Hakimzade2, M. Zare 2*, Z. Ebrahimi Khusfii1 and K. Dashtakian3 1. MSc of Arid lands Management 2. Assistant Professor, Faculty of Natural Resources and Eremology, Yazd University, Iran 3. Academic members of Agriculture and Natural Resources Research Center of Yazd Received date: 28-May-2013   Accepted date: 24-Aug.-2013  Desertification relates to the both the process and end state of drylands degradation. Salinization and alkalinization are two indicators of soil degradation in arid and semi-arid regions. The main objectives of this research is monitoring of soil salinity using high spectral and spatial resolution of remote sensing to assess desertification in the Marvast plain, Yazd province. Two images of Terra satellite, ASTER synchronous to 2003 and 2010 are used. After preprocessing and analyzing of the images, relationship between parameters of soil salinity (i.e. SAR and EC) and spectral reflections were determined and, both two satellite images were classified using maximum likelihood method. Then, the surface area of each class and the amount of its changes were calculated. Results showed that during the period of 7 years (2003-2010), area of non-saline lands has decreased while, the area of saline land has increased, which leads to the salinization of agricultural lands, reduction of its yield and also extent of desertification in this region. Accuracy of EC map classification for 2003 and 2010 images are 87.5% and, 82.5%, respectively. Kappa coefficients for both images are 0.83 and 0.76. Accuracy of SAR map classification for 2003 and 2010 images are 87.5% and 87.5%, respectively. Kappa coefficients for these two images are 0.81 and 0.77, respectively. Generally, it can be conclude that using of remote sensing data, especially ASTER images has high efficiency for change detection analysis in soil salinity and natural resources management. Keywords: ASTER, desertification, Marvast, monitoring, soil salinity
دانشکده منابع طبیعی دانشگاه تهران Journal of Range and Watershed Managment 5044-2008 دانشکده منابع طبیعی دانشگاه تهران 109 10.22059/jrwm.2015.53478 Research Paper Land slide hazard Susceptibility Mapping and its Evaluation Using the Statistics Analysis logistic Regression Moradi Hamid Reza 21 01 2015 67 4 617 629 17 03 2014 17 01 2015 Copyright © 2015, دانشکده منابع طبیعی دانشگاه تهران. 2015 https://jrwm.ut.ac.ir/article_53478.html

ABSTRACT Aim Of this research is landslide hazard zoning in Syahdare watershed using logistic regression. Therefore, outset landslide points recognized using air photography and extensive field studies. Then distribution of landslide map was makes. Then each effective element on landslide occurred for example slope, aspect, elevation, litho logy, land use, distance of road, distance of drainage, distance of fault and precipitation map makes in GIS environment. These data were saved in raster and vector format in GIS soft ware and they used for analysis with logistic regression. Logistic analysis obtained by Arc GIS 9.2 soft ware and SPSS. Results showed the most important elements in Land slide occurred in this area are slope, elevation, precipitation, distance of drainage and distance of fault respectively. Most of the land slides have occurred in the classes of 10 to 15 degree slope, elevation of 2350-2500 meters, precipitation (473-523 mm) are located. 50% Landslide is located at a distance of 30 meters of the stream. In this region the most landslides are occurrence in the 300 meter to fault distance. While the from 500 meter distance to the fault reduced number and susceptibility to landslides. The evaluation of accuracy model and the results obtained with three methods for the presence of all variables, 98.2 percent, 0.692 and 0.519 respectively. So showed that logistic regression had high accuracy in making landslide susceptibility map in study area.

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دانشکده منابع طبیعی دانشگاه تهران Journal of Range and Watershed Managment 5044-2008 دانشکده منابع طبیعی دانشگاه تهران 109 10.22059/jrwm.2015.53479 Research Paper Mapping soil surface salinity using Landsat Data ( Case Study: Bueinzahra Mapping soil surface salinit MESBAHZADEH TAYYEBEH 21 01 2015 67 4 631 640 06 02 2012 30 12 2012 Copyright © 2015, دانشکده منابع طبیعی دانشگاه تهران. 2015 https://jrwm.ut.ac.ir/article_53479.html

This research was done in order to submit a model for salinity map made with TM satellite data and salinity values in a Buienzahra. The necessary processings such as principal component analysis and producing of different indices was done on the main bands. The 38 soil samples using random sampling (with 10×10 km dimension) from different horizons were designed and performed on the study area. The position of each node was registered with global positioning system (GPS), and the surface electric conductivity of samples was measured using EC meter instrument in soil saturation extract. Correlation between spectral values (main bands, produced indices) with electrical conductivity values were investigated for 80% of the samples. The regression analysis of ECe showed that there is a significant correlation between ECe with spectral data in all of main bands and with BI, NDMI, SI1, SI2, SI3 indices in 99% levels. The accuracy assessment of estimations using validation 20% samples was done. Results showed the produced ECe model could predict the soil salinity with ME and RMSE of 0.08 and 2.53 dS/m respectively. At finally, Salinity map with different salinity classes ( 0-2, 2-4, 4-16, 16-32, 32< dS m-1) was produced.

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دانشکده منابع طبیعی دانشگاه تهران Journal of Range and Watershed Managment 5044-2008 دانشکده منابع طبیعی دانشگاه تهران 109 10.22059/jrwm.2015.53480 Research Paper Assessment of Current Desertification Status using IMDPA and Determination of Effective Factors of Land Degradation (Case Study: Damghan region) Assessment of Desertification Status and Determination of its factors nikoo shima scientific board member of/ Semnan University Azarnivand Hossein scientific board member / University of Tehran Zehtabiyan Gholam Reza scientific board member/ University of Tehran Ahmadi Hasan scientific board member /University of Tehran Zare Chahouki Mohammad Ali scientific board member/University of Tehran 21 01 2015 67 4 641 655 02 01 2012 07 06 2014 Copyright © 2015, دانشکده منابع طبیعی دانشگاه تهران. 2015 https://jrwm.ut.ac.ir/article_53480.html

Combating desertification which is a serious threat for the environment and human welfare requires understanding complex issues of this phenomenon using evaluation, awareness of severity of it's processes and determination of it's factors. So here, after recognizing the characteristics of the region showing existence desertification, we assess its current status with emphasis on climate, water, geology-geomorphology, soil and wind erosion as the most criteria of desertification. According to more consensus on regional model or flexible model to modify, Iranian Model for Desertification Potential Assessment (IMDPA) ,which is calibrated to use in arid area of Iran, was chosen. At first the rainfall seasonality indicator was added to the model as a special climate character. Then primary assessment of desertification was done. At last according to the result of primary assessment, the area environmental conditions and revealed issues during assessment the model was modified, final assessment and mapping of desertification were done. At last according to the result of primary assessment, the area environmental conditions and revealed issues during assessment the model was modified, final assessment and mapping of desertification were done. Based on the results desertification intensity in 33/94% and 66/06% of the area are severe and moderate respectively. Also the major factors affecting desertification across Damghan region are climate, salinization of water and soil resources, improper land use, over exploitation of underground water, over grazing and improper irrigation method.

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