University of Tehran Journal of Range and Watershed Managment 5044-2008 77 4 2024 12 21 Comparison of the effect of grazing removal on soil (seed bank, chemical and biological characteristics) in two saline and non-saline regions Comparison of the effect of grazing removal on soil (seed bank, chemical and biological characteristics) in two saline and non-saline regions 433 448 99749 10.22059/jrwm.2024.373555.1754 FA Shadi Hazhir Rangeland Management Department, Faculty of Natural Resources, Tarbiat Modares University, Iran. Reza Erfanzadeh Rangeland Management Department, Faculty of Natural Resources, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran. Hassan Ghelichnia Forest and Rangeland Research Department, Mazandaran Agricultural and Natural Resources Research Centre, AREEO, Sari, Iran Bahar Razavi Institut of Phytopathology, Department of Soil- Plant- Microbiome, University of Kiel, Kiel, Germany Peter Torok Department of Ecology, University of Debrecen,, Debrecen, Hungary Journal Article 2024 03 04 This research was conducted with the aim of comparing the effect of livestock grazing on the soil seed bank and some soil characteristics in two saline and non-saline regions. For this purpose, two habitats with different degrees of salinity were selected in Golestan province, Iran. In each region, two sites of grazed and ungrazed (20 years) were selected and 15 plots of 1 m2 were established at each site. Soil samples were taken from inside the plots by auger at two depths of 0-5 and 5-10 cm. The harsh environmental conditions prevailing in the saline habitat caused no seeds from the soil of this saline region to germinate in the greenhouse. In the non-saline habitat, the removal of livestock grazing caused a significant increase in the density of the soil seed bank. The highest density, diversity and richness of the seed bank were respectively 1389.50 (m2), 1.24 and 5.2 in ungrazed site at the depth of 0-5 cm, and the lowest values were respectively 173.26 (m2), 29.0 and 1.46 were recorded in the grazed site at the depth of 5-10 cm. Although the soil characteristics such as organic matter and nitrogen were not significantly affected by the removal of grazing in the non-saline area, soil disturbance in the grazed site probably led to an increase in soil surface temperature and a significant increase in substrate-induced respiration and urease enzyme activity was reduced. In the saline soil, the grazing removal caused the soil characteristics to show different responses. At the ungrazed site, pH and basal respiration decreased significantly This research was conducted with the aim of comparing the effect of livestock grazing on the soil seed bank and some soil characteristics in two saline and non-saline regions. For this purpose, two habitats with different degrees of salinity were selected in Golestan province, Iran. In each region, two sites of grazed and ungrazed (20 years) were selected and 15 plots of 1 m2 were established at each site. Soil samples were taken from inside the plots by auger at two depths of 0-5 and 5-10 cm. The harsh environmental conditions prevailing in the saline habitat caused no seeds from the soil of this saline region to germinate in the greenhouse. In the non-saline habitat, the removal of livestock grazing caused a significant increase in the density of the soil seed bank. The highest density, diversity and richness of the seed bank were respectively 1389.50 (m2), 1.24 and 5.2 in ungrazed site at the depth of 0-5 cm, and the lowest values were respectively 173.26 (m2), 29.0 and 1.46 were recorded in the grazed site at the depth of 5-10 cm. Although the soil characteristics such as organic matter and nitrogen were not significantly affected by the removal of grazing in the non-saline area, soil disturbance in the grazed site probably led to an increase in soil surface temperature and a significant increase in substrate-induced respiration and urease enzyme activity was reduced. In the saline soil, the grazing removal caused the soil characteristics to show different responses. At the ungrazed site, pH and basal respiration decreased significantly https://jrwm.ut.ac.ir/article_99749_658119a5c7f90be0bf31d44d9b5eba4e.pdf