نشریه علمی - پژوهشی مرتع و آبخیزداری

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 دانشیار، گروه مرتع و آبخیزداری، دانشکدة منابع طبیعی و محیط زیست، دانشگاه فردوسی مشهد

2 مربی گروه زیست‌شناسی، دانشکدة علوم پایه، دانشگاه صنعتی خاتم‌الانبیای بهبهان

3 کارشناس‌ارشد زیست‌شناسی، دانشکدة علوم، دانشگاه فردوسی مشهد

چکیده

این تحقیق به منظور مقایسة صفات و گروه‏های عملکردی گیاهی در مرتع شخم و رهاشده (پس از 28 سال) و مرتع قرق در منطقة بهارکیش قوچان در استان خراسان رضوی انجام شد. در دو سایت شخم‌خورده و شاهد چهل واحد نمونه‏برداری یک متر مربعی به روش سیستماتیک تصادفی مستقر شد. در هر پلات فهرست گونه‏های گیاهی، فراوانی، پوشش تاجی و بیست صفت رویشی، فنولوژیکی و تولیدمثلی اندازه‏گیری و ثبت شد. بر اساس آنالیز همبستگی پیرسون، با استفاده از نرم‌افزار R، نُه صفت‌ـ شکل زیستی، تاج ‏گیاه، روش تولیدمثل، ساختار ذخیره‏ای، نوع ریشه، دورة رویشی برگ، شکل رویشی، دورة زندگی و روش تکثیر‌ـ صفات عملکردی انتخاب شدند. طبقه‏بندی و رسته‏بندی داده‏ها در ماتریس نُه صفت در 112 گونه، با استفاده از نرم‏افزارهایCANOCO  و TWINSPANS، به تفکیک پنج گروه عملکردی منجر شد. درصد پوشش کل دو گروه عملکردی در اراضی شخم‌خورده به طور معنی‌داری (70 درصد) کاهش یافت، ولی درصد پوشش سه گروه عملکردی به طور نسبی (10 ـ 20 درصد) افزایش یافت. بر اساس نتایج این تحقیق، گیاهان یک‌ساله با صفات و شکل زیستی تروفیت، ژئوفیت، ریزوم‏دار در مقابل تخریب شخم مقاوم‌اند، ولی گیاهان چندساله (فانروفیت، کامفیت، همی‏کریپتوفیت) و گیاهانی که سیستم ریشه‏ای راست و تاج پوشش گسترده دارند در مقابل تخریب ناشی از شخم حساس‌اند.

کلیدواژه‌ها

عنوان مقاله [English]

Comparing plant functional types in an old-field and a natural rangeland vegetation

نویسندگان [English]

  • Mohammad Jankju 1
  • Fariba Noedoost 2
  • Fahimeh Rafiei 3

1 Mohammad Jankju, Department of Range and Watershed Management, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Iran

2 Fariba Noedoost, Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Khatam Alanbia Industrial University of Behbahan, Behbahan, Iran

3 MSc Graduated, Department of Biology, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Iran

چکیده [English]

This research was conducted to compare plant functional types (PFT) and traits in an old-field (abandoned for 28 years) and a control site, in the Baharkish rangelands, Quchan, Iran. In the both sites, 40 randomized quadrates were established. Floristic list, frequency, canopy cover and 20 vegetative, phenological and morphological plant traits were measured for all plant species, within each quadrate. According to the Pearson correlation analysis, and by using R software, 9 plant traits including life form, plant canopy, reproduction mode, reserve organ, root type, leaf phenology, growth form, life cycle, and regeneration mode, were known as the major plant functional traits. Data classification and ordination were applied on a matrix of 9 traits ×112 species, by using CANOCO and TWINSPAN softwares. It led to identification of 5 plant functional types. Total canopy cover of two PFT was significantly (70%) reduced and that of three PFT’s were relatively (10-20%) increased in the abandoned field. In conclusions, plants being annual, therophyte, geophytes, and rhizomatus are tolerant, whereas those being perennial (phaneropyte, chemaphyte, hemicryptophyte), having tap root system, and wide canopy cover are known as sensitive to ploughing disturbance.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Baharkish
  • Grassland
  • oldfield
  • plant functional trait
  • physical disturbance
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