Reza Siahmansour; Nadia Kamali
Abstract
Fire is the fastest cause of extensive changes in vegetation. The purpose of this research is to examine some of these changes. SO, after determining key area of four 200m transects and a distance of 100 m from each other, 10 plots 1m2 fixed on each of them, formed sample units in each field. This site ...
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Fire is the fastest cause of extensive changes in vegetation. The purpose of this research is to examine some of these changes. SO, after determining key area of four 200m transects and a distance of 100 m from each other, 10 plots 1m2 fixed on each of them, formed sample units in each field. This site burned in 2011 and 2013, in 2018 and 2019, random-systematic statistical collection was carried out in it. Results showed, in fire treatment the dominance of production and cover is with invader plants. Production of this class 52.05 and 209.1gr/m2 has been preserved in burnt area compared to control. Also, annual grasses have significant average difference in terms of production and canopy compared to other species. However, annual forbs had 1.5 times more production in fire than control. Although the amount of production in burnt area is more than control but, it doesnt mean an increase in the amount of allowable forage. The plant type in the burned fundamental change compared to the control by replacing annuals instead of permanent species. As result production, density and canopy cover of different palatability classes and growing forms also found fundamental changes. Fire is cause of changing in rangeland condition from excellent to average, the trend is positive in both treatments. The management of burnt fields is very specialized, and according to the existing conditions, it is strongly not recommended to create a fire either intentionally or accidentally in this area is vegetation zone form of Iran.
mahshid souri; alireza eftekhari; Zhila Ghorbani; nadia kamali
Abstract
Soil is the most important component of rangeland ecosystems and by preserving it and its characteristics, In the present study, the amount of potassium and phosphorus in the soil of Ghoshchi rangelands of Urmia located in West Azerbaijan province from 2019 to 2021 under the influence of grazing and ...
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Soil is the most important component of rangeland ecosystems and by preserving it and its characteristics, In the present study, the amount of potassium and phosphorus in the soil of Ghoshchi rangelands of Urmia located in West Azerbaijan province from 2019 to 2021 under the influence of grazing and grazing conditions was investigated. In addition, the development and evaluation of an adaptive fuzzy-neural inference model (ANFIS) was presented in order to predict the amount of potassium and phosphorus in the soil and compare its results with the regression model. The mean squared error (RMSE) and the coefficient of explanation (R2) were used to evaluate the regression and inference models. The results of analysis of variance showed that different years and conditions under confinement and grazing had a significant effect on the amount of potassium and phosphorus in the soil, but their interaction was meaningless. The highest amount of soil potassium is related to the year 2021 and the conditions under grazing. While the highest amount of soil phosphorus was related to 2020. In the phosphorus factor modeling section, the ANFIS model with higher accuracy (R2 = 59.5) and less error (RMSE = 0.087) than the regression model (R2=0.38) with more error (RMSE = 0.089) was able to determine the amount of P to predict. Regarding potassium factor, ANFIS model with higher accuracy (R2 = 0.62 and less error (RMSE = 0.017) than regression model (R2 = 0.42) with more error (RMSE = 0.097) was able to measure soil potassium.
