Soheil Gheshlaghpour; Masoumeh Moghbel
Abstract
Rising temperatures and the formation of Urban Heat Islands (UHI) are the main consequences of population growth and uncontrolled expansion of cities. Green infrastructures are one of the nature based solutions. These infrastructures can be considered as an important strategy to reduce the damages caused ...
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Rising temperatures and the formation of Urban Heat Islands (UHI) are the main consequences of population growth and uncontrolled expansion of cities. Green infrastructures are one of the nature based solutions. These infrastructures can be considered as an important strategy to reduce the damages caused by urban development and increase the quality of citizens’s life. Landscape ecology and its metrics are among the methods of evaluating green infrastructure in urban environments. Hence, the main objective of this research is to evaluate changes in urban green infrastructure during the period of 2013-2019 in Qazvin city. To do so, green infrastructures changes were investigated using remote sensing data and landscape metrics including presence (Class Area), stability (Mean Patch Size) and distribution (Patch Density, Mean Euclidean Distance Neighbor) in three regions of Qazvin. The results showed a decrease of 73.71 hectares in the Class Area (presence) and an increase of 0.1061 hectares in their Mean Patch Size (stability). Furthermore, the density of green infrastructures has experienced 0.8075 decrease per 100 hectares while the Mean Euclidean distance neighbor has increased about 5.5846 meters. These results indicate the conversion of small classes of green infrastructures to bigger classes and increase their stability despite the decrease in their presence. Therefore, planning and management by creating and expansion of green lands seems necessary in order to reduce the effects of urban development, improve the quality of citizen’s life and preserving green infrastructures of Qazvin.
Masoumeh Moghbel
Abstract
Soil depth temperature is one of the most effective factors on agricultural products. However, the it has highest missing data in synoptic weather stations. Hence, this research aims to evaluate soil depth temperature changes and determine the accuracy and applicability of ECMWF re-analysis data in estimation ...
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Soil depth temperature is one of the most effective factors on agricultural products. However, the it has highest missing data in synoptic weather stations. Hence, this research aims to evaluate soil depth temperature changes and determine the accuracy and applicability of ECMWF re-analysis data in estimation of SDT. To do so, soil depth temperature data for different depths (5,10, 20, 30, 50 and 100 cm) of Mehrabad, Geophysic, Shomal-e-Tehran and Doushan Tapeh stations were extracted in hourly time intervals (03, 09, 15 UTC) from Iran’s Meteorology Organization. Then, trend analysis was carried out by Mann-Kendall test. Also, gridded re-analysis SDT data of ERA5 were extracted from ECMWF from 1997 to 2018 statistical period. Re-analysis data were convert from Netcdf format to text using GIS. Then, their accuracy was analyzed by ME, MAE and RMSE tests. The climatic trend of soil depth temperature presents the general increase trend in all studied stations during the 1997-2018. Furthermore, the results showed close correlations between observational and re-analysis data at different depths. Re-analysis data could mainly reproduce the temporal-spatial distributions of soil depth temperature in study area. The correlation coefficient between observational and re-analysis data was 0.97 and 0.95 for first and second studied depths of the soil, respectively. It indicates a significant linear relationship between observational data and ERA5 re-analysis data in hourly time intervals. However, the ERA5 overestimates the SDT data in comparison with observational data
