ّFarhad Azhir
Abstract
Knowledge of livestock grazing behavior is one of factors of optimal and sustainable rangeland management. For optimal management of mountain rangelands, a study was conducted in the rangelands of Lavash. This is located in the Central Alborz Protected Area, and grazed by native hybrid cows. Measuring ...
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Knowledge of livestock grazing behavior is one of factors of optimal and sustainable rangeland management. For optimal management of mountain rangelands, a study was conducted in the rangelands of Lavash. This is located in the Central Alborz Protected Area, and grazed by native hybrid cows. Measuring the vegetation characteristics of the rangelands those areas with 30 plots of 1 × 1 square meter, in three survey strips parallel transects with a distance of 50 meters from each other's, and a length of 100 meters in 2018 and 2019. According to the obtained results, the amount of forage consumption was almost twice of what was range capacity. The preference value of most of the studied species was estimated between 32 and 35% by weighing usage forage method. Palatability category and grazed time percent of each plant species was determined by using camera recording. Plant distribution on rangeland and plant cover percent effected on grazed time percent in the last month during grazing season. Hybrid cattle had unique desire to breed most of the species except for three species belong to Poaceae, Bromus tomentellus, Alopecurus textilis and Hordeum brevisubulantum which were considered more palatable. To calculate the weighted average percentage of preference value of each plant type, rangeland manager could be choose a range of decisions about each of the plant species indices include: range production, plant coverage percentage, and plant density, according to the type of vegetation type, the importance of the role of each plant species and other environmental conditions.
ّFarhad Azhir; Mohammad Fayaz
Abstract
It was necessary to detect Technical knowledge for advising culturing various plant species which share in production forage rangelands depend on region condition. Vicia subvillosa species seeds were collected from ranges around road direction Azadshahr city toward Shahrood city, on 1900 meter height ...
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It was necessary to detect Technical knowledge for advising culturing various plant species which share in production forage rangelands depend on region condition. Vicia subvillosa species seeds were collected from ranges around road direction Azadshahr city toward Shahrood city, on 1900 meter height level form sea, and planted. The goal was to introduce the suitable season and method for cultivating this species in rangeland area. Experiment was performed on Telmadare area in Posht-kooh water spreading station with 350 mm. precipitation and semi dry cold climate. Main treatments include autumn and spring, sowing date, and two subsidiary treatments seedling and planting seed, by split plot completely randomize block design in three repetition were compared. Result showed that there was a significant deference between spring and fall date cultivation, and also between two subsidiary seedlings and planting seed. Seed Germination and survival at growing period in fall season (Germination 30.50%, survival 20.97% ) compared to spring (Germination 21.50%, survival 15.33% ) and planting seed (Germination 32.61%, survival 22.39% ) compared to seedling (Germination 21.39%, survival 13.92% ) were preferred. So with Vicia subvillosa cultivation is possible to produce forage in experimental Station case, and similar climatic ecosystem area.
Shafagh Rastgar; Ali Darijani; Hossein Barani; Mohammad Ghorbani; Jamshid Ghorbani; Vahed Bordi Sheikh
Abstract
Forage is the main product of rangelands. So, determining its economic value as one of the main important nonmonetary functions can help managers to improve planning and optimal utilization management of rangelands. The main purpose of this study is to estimate the economic valuation of the forage of ...
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Forage is the main product of rangelands. So, determining its economic value as one of the main important nonmonetary functions can help managers to improve planning and optimal utilization management of rangelands. The main purpose of this study is to estimate the economic valuation of the forage of summer rangelands in Nour-roud watershed basin in Mazandaran province. Consequently, total forage production estimated by using double method in 12 unit works. According to the heterogeneity of range forages in terms of economic and lacking organized market for transaction, have been used barely and using Replacement Cost Method (RCM). In order to homogenize the value of all forage plants, Total Digestible Nutrients (TDN) of each plant multiplied to its forage product to calculate the nutrition value of forage per rangeland unit work. According to the specified T.D.N of barely, the equivalent weight of barely, identified for each range/ha in different price scenarios (guaranteed, international and farm prices), total value of forage production calculated based on barely price. Results showed that, Forage yield equivalent to barely was estimated 276.5 kg per ha of 89826.7 usable summer rangelands. Its economic value was equivalent to 713280 Rials per hectare. Also, its average annual economic value by 3 price senarios estimated, 64.6 Milyard Rials. This amount of economic value was equal to 718900 Rials per hectare of Nour-rud rangelands. Also, the estimated forage values are only 25 percentage of total economic value of rangeland ecosystem that has been exploited as natural bequest without any investment.
Ataolah Kavian; Fatemeh Adineh; Gorban Vahabzadeh; Abdolvahed Khaledi Darvishan
Abstract
Investigating downstream changes in bed load shape can be useful to detect watershedhydrological processes and it is very important to design hydraulic structures and to managecapacity of large storage dams, properly. Regarding to doing of enforcement studies, thisresearch was conducted in Qalesar River ...
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Investigating downstream changes in bed load shape can be useful to detect watershedhydrological processes and it is very important to design hydraulic structures and to managecapacity of large storage dams, properly. Regarding to doing of enforcement studies, thisresearch was conducted in Qalesar River in upstream of Chahardangeh watershed in MazandaranProvince. After recognition of the study area, 6 sections were selected towards downstreamfor bed load sampling. Laboratory analysis were done to measure and calculate some bedload shape characteristics including skewness, kurtosis, mean, mode, percent of sand, finegravel, silt and clay, sediment texture, small, medium and large diameters, nominal diameter,sphericity, rounding, width ratio, shape factor and D10, D50 and D90. Results indicated adecreasing trend in shape factor and sphericity, an increasing trend in mean diameters androundness, a complex trend in width ratio and a uniform trend in 3 axes. Our finding alsoindicated that this variations may be affected by physiographic, lithologic and geotechnicalcharacteristics of the study area.
