Hossein Norouzi; Asghar Asghari Moghaddam
Abstract
the existence of about 6,000 wells in the plain and the extraction of groundwater resources has led to a sharp decrease in the water table and consequently, an increase in the salinity of the aquifer. For this purpose, 27 samples of Malekan water resources were collected and hydrochemical properties ...
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the existence of about 6,000 wells in the plain and the extraction of groundwater resources has led to a sharp decrease in the water table and consequently, an increase in the salinity of the aquifer. For this purpose, 27 samples of Malekan water resources were collected and hydrochemical properties were analyzed. The results of the analysis were compared with the lake water sample with respect to the hydrochemical characteristics of the main elements. Salinity increasing and saltwater intrusion into the aquifer was investigated using geophysical methods, geochemical diagrams, as well as various ion ratios. The results showed that salinity increases in the aquifers around Urmia Lake is related to the low slope at the end of the plains and its ultra-fine grain sediments, which, as a result, when groundwater flow collide with such sediments, their movement slow down and water raised to the surface via capillary action. Finally shallow groundwater cause to intense evaporation and increasing groundwater salinity. Moreover, In addition, the distribution of surface currents in the ends of the plain leads to evaporation and the formation of salt crops, and high exploitation leads to the gradual flow of water to upstream of the aquifer. The presence of the salty sludge from ancient lakes beneath the alluvial and salts formations with high exploitation and decreasing of groundwater levels leads to upconing in the lower layers of clay formations and reaching the saltwater to the wells.
Alireza Daneshi; mehdi vafakhah; Mostafa Panahi
Abstract
Due to problems of Urmia Lake, several strategies have been proposed by professionals to restore it. But it should be noted that the implementation of each plan and project within the watershed requires the participation ofstakeholders and farmers within that watershed. Due to the lack of attention to ...
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Due to problems of Urmia Lake, several strategies have been proposed by professionals to restore it. But it should be noted that the implementation of each plan and project within the watershed requires the participation ofstakeholders and farmers within that watershed. Due to the lack of attention to stakeholders, management of many natural resources and development projects has failed. Therefore, public acceptance and participation of stakeholders including those users who are engaged with farming and gardening was explored in some proposed approaches for restoring Urmia Lake. The study area was Siminehroud watershed as one of the largest Urmia Lake sub watersheds. Research instrument was a questionnaire which was filled by data obtained from interview with stakeholders and achieved results were analyzed using SPSS 17 software. The results showed that shift in irrigation system from traditional type to pressure irrigation system with 91.45% approval rating can be considered as the most successful strategy among poposed strategies. Compensation payment initiative specific to farmers for non-utilization of owned farming lands had the appropriate acceptance with 53.55%. Also 50.25% of stakeholders showed their inclination to the use of species of low water demands instead of those with high water demand providing that government support such scheme. Generally, it was revealed that increasing water charge anticipating subsequent reduction of water consumption will not be effective. Consequently, it can be stated firmly that irrigation system change must be put in executive priority and next priorities will be compensation payment to farmers and change in farming pattern.
