Journal of Range and Watershed Managment

Abstract The dynamics of human activities threaten the sustainability of global life-support systems. Analyze of anthropogenic transformation data play a central role in environmental problems evaluation. This study aims to analyze human activities in watershed. Studies and analyzes revealed that the anthropogenic transformation variables include the type, intensity and trend. Spatial and temporal patterns of the type of activity (land use), intensity and human intervention were studied using satellite images and field observation. The classification and land use map were done in two phases: The functional phase included the main land uses including agriculture, rangeland, urban and water resources, and the activity phase included ten types of land use. The study of the human interventions intensity in land use units was carried out based on the temporal extension of agricultural land development (agricultural land use), the rangeland condition assessment (rangeland land use) and the area extent of under influence (urban area and water resources). The results of land use studies identified that Rangeland lands cover 77.2 percent and agriculture, urban area and water resources land uses accounted for 21.5, 1.1 and 0.2 percent, respectively. The results of the intervention trend indicated that the trend continues from normal conditions to the replacement by technogenous structures. This trend has revealed growth of agricultural activity in rangeland and as well as the tremendous loss in cropland in uneven urban and industrial growth. The results of the study show the compatibility between the three variables of anthropogenic transformation; ie, the type, intensity and trend.

Abstract Need to Increasing agricultural land in order to improve food resources in the past two centuries recent
lead to widespread changes in land use and improper management of these lands. Continue this
process can lead to land degradation and desertification, and improve such soils is very costly;
Therefore, prevention of land degradation is more desirable. This function requires to research on the
utilization of land agricultural and how to use. With this aim, the Khatam city was selected as the
study region and various maps of the region, including soil, land use and height maps was prepared to
help ArcGIS9.3 and ENVI software. Four dominant land region mention mono cultivated and multi
cultivated systems under irrigation, garden lands and range lands as control treatments were
considered as the treatments. The soil was sampled and soil factors in two corrective factors, including
correction factors N, P, K, CO, Caco3, Mg and damaging factors Hco3, Cl, Na, pH, EC and SAR at
depth 0 to 30 cm of the soil surface horizons were studied. Factors the design of split plots showed that
there are significant differences between treatments in the region and soil of region is relatively poor
from CO, N, K and P in soils Rdhy. The comparison of treatment means with Duncan Mean
Comparison indicated that the garden lands as the most suitable treatments and range lands as the most
unsuitable one.