Golnoosh Savartondrow; Salman Zare; Khaled Ahmadaali; Mohammad Jafari
Abstract
Due to the lack of water in the deserts of Iran and the high rate of evaporation, the establishment of vegetation and their irrigation are associated with many problems. Therefore, in the management programs for the sustainable development of dry and desert areas, it is very necessary to use less water. ...
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Due to the lack of water in the deserts of Iran and the high rate of evaporation, the establishment of vegetation and their irrigation are associated with many problems. Therefore, in the management programs for the sustainable development of dry and desert areas, it is very necessary to use less water. Among these methods, deep subsurface irrigation using PVC pipes can be mentioned. In this study, a hole with a depth and diameter of 50 cm was dug, and then two pipes were mutually placed at a distance of 20 cm from each other on both sides of the pit. After placing the pipes, the pit was filled with soil. The wetting pattern in eight treatments has been examined in terms of the location of the water exit holes, the diameter of the pipe, the number of holes in the upper and lower half of the pipe, as well as the diameter of the holes. The results demonstrated that pipes with a diameter of 12.5 cm and a height of 55 cm, with five double rows of 6 mm holes in the upper half of the pipe at a distance of 3 cm from each other and two holes in the lower half of the tube at a distance of 10 cm from each other, The best depth of wetting pattern is created. The depth of the wetting pattern created in the soil around the plant root as a representative of water use efficiency is very important in the management and correct use of water resources as well as encouraging the plant to take deep roots. .
Nikbibi Bozorgzadeh; Mohammad Reza Rigi; Mohammadreza Sasouli; Farhad Zolfaghari
Abstract
Nowadays, the destructive factors of the environment and natural resources are so widespread that the alarm of destruction of these natural wonders is sounded all over the world. Due to the importance of this topic, the study was conducted to estimate the willingness to pay of local communities to conserve ...
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Nowadays, the destructive factors of the environment and natural resources are so widespread that the alarm of destruction of these natural wonders is sounded all over the world. Due to the importance of this topic, the study was conducted to estimate the willingness to pay of local communities to conserve and restore desert areas of Gosht plain in Saravan in order to attract people's participation to finance projects for the preservation and rehabilitation of desert areas. The sampling process was conducted using Cochran's formula with 303 samples by simple random sampling method. Conditional valuation method and Logit model were used to estimate the people’s willingness to pay. The results showed that gender, education, participation in rural government institutions, employment of trusted executives, the history of participation in educational-developmental classes, being native, income and directly being beneficiaries from the environment of the region has a positive and significant effect on the willingness of people to pay for Gosht plain protection. The variable of age and suggested amount had a negative and significant effect on willingness to pay, but the size of household had no significant effect on willingness to pay. Moreover, the variables of existence of a management organization for participation, acquaintance with the environment, having environmental literacy, and government financial support of the projects had a positive and significant effect on the willingness to pay for the Gosht plain protection. The average of peoples’ willingness to pay monthly in 1398, was obtained 113890 Rials per each person.
