Reza midipour; Reza Erfanzadeh; Marzban Faramarzi
Abstract
Intensive livestock grazing is one of the most important destructive factors in rangelands that leads to decrease of diversity and causes disappearance of sensitive plants. On the other hand, considering the scales in assessment of diversity is very importance to study the variability of plant diversity ...
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Intensive livestock grazing is one of the most important destructive factors in rangelands that leads to decrease of diversity and causes disappearance of sensitive plants. On the other hand, considering the scales in assessment of diversity is very importance to study the variability of plant diversity patterns in different scales. Therefore, current study aimed to investigate the impact of livestock grazing on diversity components in different scales using additive partitioning methods in western country rangelands in the Ilam province. Sampling was carried out in 40 plots of 4m2 in 8 rangeland sites including 4 exclosures and 4 grazing sites. Based on additive partitioning diversity methods, the total diversity was partitioned into additively components within and among samples. The results showed that diversity among sites (β2) had the highest contribution of total diversity that indicated the importance of this scale for conservation practices, and it was due to the variation of composition between sites. In addition, the results represented that exclosure in the semi-arid areas can increase diversity at plot scale, while in the regional scales (diversity among sites or β2) livestock grazing leads to increase in diversity. Therefore, exclosure of rangelands does not necessarily lead to increase in diversity. Also, long terms exclosure can lead to increase evenness that resulting in increasing competition among plants, therefore it could decrease plant diversity.
Leila Fazel Dehkordi; Hossein Azarnivand; Mohammad Ali Zare Chahouki; Farhad Mahmoudi Kohan; Shahram Khalighi Sigaroudi
Abstract
To identify an appropriate index for monitoring and evaluation of drought, rainfall data obtainedfrom meteorological stations of Ilam Province from 2000 to 2011 and MODIS satellite images with16-day intervals were collected and processed. The Standardized Precipitation Index (SPI) wascalculated based ...
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To identify an appropriate index for monitoring and evaluation of drought, rainfall data obtainedfrom meteorological stations of Ilam Province from 2000 to 2011 and MODIS satellite images with16-day intervals were collected and processed. The Standardized Precipitation Index (SPI) wascalculated based on rainfall data; therefore, the rainfall data were used for measuring SPI andsatellite images were used for calculating NDVI. Also, the percentages of canopy cover in rangetypes were selected from the information of the National Evaluation of rangelands in differentclimatic zones. The correlation between SPI and NDVI and also canopy cover and NDVI wasexamined. The relationship between vegetation index (NDVI) and SPI was determined byregression. The results of SPI showed that in 2000 a severe drought and in 2006 a medium wetoccurred in rangelands of Ilam Province. NDVI value variations have as well confirmed it. Theresults showed that NDVI and life form (annual forb and annual grass) has the highest percentage ofcorrelation. Also examining of result showed that most correlation of SPI and NDVI was in 3 and 6-months intervals. Evaluation of regression models performance in range types described thatmodels in 3 and 6- months intervals was suitable for monitoring drought. The result of regressionconfirmed that NDVI was an appropriate index for monitoring and assessment of drought.
Maryam Azarakhshi; Mohammad Mahdavi; Hasan Ahmadi; Hosein Arzani; Jalil Farzadmehr
Abstract
Plants cover composition, condition, trend, production, and grazing capacity of the rangeland change annually. In this research, the role of temporal rainfall distribution on rangeland production was assessed. This research had down in the rangelands of Ilam (with semiarid to semi humid climate) and ...
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Plants cover composition, condition, trend, production, and grazing capacity of the rangeland change annually. In this research, the role of temporal rainfall distribution on rangeland production was assessed. This research had down in the rangelands of Ilam (with semiarid to semi humid climate) and Qom and Markazi (with arid to semiarid climate) provinces. By attention on plant cover maps in each province 10 main types of plant cover in Ilam, 8 types in Qom and 10 types in Markazi were selected. In these sites, relative factor to plant cover and soil contains: canopy cover, density, production, germination and, soil cover were measured along four 400m transects into 60 plots .the production of the graze able species was measured by clipping and weighting method. The regression techniques and correlation coefficient were used to the relation between production and precipitation. to determination the role of the temporal distribution of rainfall of the rangeland production, the relationship between rainfall and production was calculated in seven time steps contains. The results show that only 4% of the total forage production is explained by annual precipitation but in 96% cases there were related with start of growth season (March) and growth season(early March to late July).this result shows the importance of growth season precipitation on the forage yield in rangelands.
Haji Karimi; Fathollah Naderi; Behrooz Naseri; Ali Salajeqeh
Abstract
Distinguishing the susceptible areas to landslide using different landslide susceptibility mapping (LSM) models is one of the primitive and basic works to reduce probable damages and reduce risk. The main purpose of this research is the efficiency evaluation of four methods including Information value ...
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Distinguishing the susceptible areas to landslide using different landslide susceptibility mapping (LSM) models is one of the primitive and basic works to reduce probable damages and reduce risk. The main purpose of this research is the efficiency evaluation of four methods including Information value (WINF), Valuing area accumulation (Wa), Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP), Kopta-Joshi proposed method (LNRF) for LSM in Zangvan watershed, Ilam province. At first, all the effective factors in landslide occurrence were inspected. By analyzing the parameters, nine factors including slope, aspect, elevation, precipitation, distance from road, distance from fault, distance from drainage, land use and lithology were distinguished as the effective factors in landslides occurrence in the studied area. After preparing the information of these nine factors in GIS environment, the location of landslides were determined using areal photographs and satellite images and LSM performed by the above four methods. Finally, the landslide index was used for evaluation the ability of appropriate LSM model. Based on this Index, the information value method classified more 52 percent of occurred landslides in very high danger class. Therefore, this method is more efficient and proposed as the best LSM method in the Zangvan watershed because of compatibility of landslides with high danger classes and ability of differentiation of danger classes.
