بررسی عوامل منجر به تعارض در منابع‌طبیعی در بین گروداران کلیدی حوزه‌های آبخیز غرب گیلان

عزیزی, احمد; ملکی, محسن; حسینی نسب, معصومه سادات

doi:10.22059/jrwm.2022.328592.1609

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

¹ دانش آموخته کارشناسی ارشد، گروه منابع طبیعی، واحد خلخال، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، خلخال، ایران

² استادیار گروه منابع طبیعی، واحد خلخال، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، خلخال، ایران

³ دکتری علوم مرتع، گروه منابع طبیعی، واحد خلخال، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، خلخال، ایران

https://doi.org/10.22059/jrwm.2022.328592.1609

چکیده

به دلیل تضاد منافع، تعامل بهره‌برداران و کارشناسان منابع‌طبیعی در ایران همواره دچار چالش بوده است.با توجه به شرایط بوم شناختی و اجتماعی غرب استان گیلان و چالش‌های موجود، این منطقه به عنوان هدف، بررسی شد. در این مطالعه مؤلفه‌های حقوقی، مدیریتی، بهره‌برداری و اجتماعی از منظر کارشناسان و بهره‌برداران بررسی و 188 پرسشنامه به روش گلوله برفی تکمیل شد. روایی متغیرهای اصلی تحقیق براساس آلفای کرونباخ بیشتر از 7/0 استخراج شد. برای مقایسه دیدگاه دو گروه از آزمون ناپارامتری یو من-ویتنی استفاده شد. نتایج نشان داد، علاوه بر آنکه در کل منطقه بین بهره‌برداران و کارشناسان منابع طبیعی چالش وجود دارد، از نظر دیدگاهی نیز بین عوامل مؤثر بر آن، اختلاف بین بهره‌برداران و کارشناسان دولتی معنی‌دار بود. مهم‌ترین مؤلفه‌های مؤثر در افزایش تضاد در این منطقه از دیدگاه بهره‌برداران، کمبود قوانین، حضورافراد غیر بومی در مراتع و جنگل‌ها، کمرنگ بودن حضور زنان در عرصه منابع طبیعی و از نظر کارشناسان کمبود قوانین، تبدیل کاربری اراضی، سطح آگاهی بهره‌برداران معرفی شد. زمین خواری، ذغال گیری و شخم زیر اشکوب از مهم‌ترین مساله چالش زا در غرب استان گیلان است که توسط هر دو گروه، به عنوان عامل موثر قوی در تضاد معرفی شد. از نظر مدیریتی نیز هر دو گروه، مؤثرترین روش کاهش تضاد را قرق جنگل‌ها و مراتع اعلام کرده‌اند ولی لزوم مدیریت مشارکتی از نظر هر دو گروه، اولویت نداشت. حضور مؤثرتر کارشناسان منابع‌طبیعی در عرصه، شناخت پتانسیل‌های معیشتی منطقه، تشویق و آموزش مردم به شناختن مشاغل جایگزین راهکار مناسبی در بهبود تعامل بهره‌برداران و کارشناسان است.

کلیدواژه‌ها

عنوان مقاله [English]

Investigating the interaction of beneficiaries and natural resources authorities in the watersheds of West Gilan

نویسندگان [English]

Ahmad Azizi ¹
Mohsen Maleki ²
Masoome sadat Hosseininasab ³

¹ MSc. in Watershed Management, Department of Natural Resources, Khalkhal Branch, Islamic Azad University, Khalkhal, Iran

² Assistant Professor, Department of Natural Resources, Khalkhal Branch, Islamic Azad University, Khalkhal, Iran

³ PhD. in Range management, Department of Natural Resources, Khalkhal Branch, Islamic Azad University, Khalkhal, Iran

چکیده [English]

Because ofthe conflicts of interest, the interaction of beneficiaries and natural resource experts inIran hasbeen challenged.This area was studied asthetarget, due totheechologic andsocial condition andconsideringthe existing conflicts. In this study, legal, managerial, exploitation, and social components were examined from the perspectives of both experts and beneficiaries. 188 questionnaires were completed with the Snowball Method. The validity of the main variables of questionnaire was greater than 0.7. The Mann-Whitney U-test was used to compare differences between two groups. The results show that in addition to the natural resources conflict in the whole region, in terms of perspective, there is a significant difference between the factors affecting the conflict between the local community and government experts. The most important components for increasing the conflict in this region from the perspective ofstakeholders are the lack oflaws, the presence of non-natives inrangelands and forests, the low presence of women in this natural resources field and according to the experts, lack of land-use conversion, and level of awareness of stakeholders. Land grabbing, Coaling and understory tillage are the most challenging issues in the west of Gilan province.From the managerial point of view, both groups have declared that the most effective way to reduce the conflict is the confinement of forests and pastures, but the participatory management issues was not accepted according to the two groups’ viewpoints. Effective presence of experts in the field, recognizing the livelihood potentials of the region, and encouraging and educating people to know alternative jobs are suitable ways to reduce conflict.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

conflict of interest
interaction
users
natural resources problem
stakeholders

مراجع

[1] Abedi Sarvestani, A. (2021). Perceptions of the agents of the natural resources protection unit of Golestan province about management methods of conflict with local communities. Iranian Journal of Forest and Range Protection Research. 19 (1), 141-155.

[2] Alibeygi, J., (2018). The Study of legal system of rural and tribal communities to exploit natural resources in Iran.Human and environment quaternary. 44 (1), 76-93.

[3] Amiri Lemar, M and Moradmand Jalali, A. (2015). Factors affecting the degradation of natural resources (Case study, basin 9 of Shafaroud). Journal of Forest Sustainable Development. 1 (4), 309-320.

[4] Anabestani, A.A. and Naderi, M. (2018). The Survey of Challenges of Environmental Resources Management in Rural Areas (Case Study, Binaloud County). Journal of Geography and Environmental Hazard. 28 (4), 53-70.

[5] Ansari, N., Saiyed Akhlaghi Shal, S.J. and Ghasemi, M.H. (2009). Determination of socio-economic factors on natural resources degradation of Iran. Journal of Rangeland and Desert Research. 15 (4), 508-524.

[6] Ansari1, N., Saiyed Akhlaghi Shal, S.J. and Fayaz, M. (2007). Effects of legal and organization factors, resource management and social groups on the degradation of renewable natural resources. Journal of Rangeland. 1 (4), 423-438.

[7] Avatefi Hemmat, M., Shamekhi, T., Zobeyri, M., Arab, D. and Ghazi tabatabaie, M. (2013). Forest degradation, an investigation of forestry organization experts and local herders’ mental models. Journal of Forest and Wood Products. 66 (1), 39-54.

[8] Cap-Net. (2005). Conflict resolution and negotiation skills for integrated water resources management. 97p.

[9] FAO. (2000). Conflict and Natural Resource Management.

[10] Fayazi, M. (2009). Perceived conflict and its management styles. Journal of Transformation Management.1 (2), 90-110.

[11] Ghasemi, M. and Karamidehkordi, E. (2017). Analyzing stakeholder’s conflict network in natural resources conversation and exploitation, Case study, the Dorahan and Cheshme ali watershed. Iranian Journal of Range and Desert Research. 24 (1), 56-39.

[12] Ghasemi, M., Karamidehkordi, E. and Ebrahimi, A. (2018). Analyzing social actors' conflict in natural resources management and its impact on rural communities (case study, Borujen County). Journal of Rural Research. 8(4), 635-648.

[13] Habibi, S. and Salehi, S. (2021). Understanding environmental concerns and contexts, Application of grounded theory in rural areas of the West of Gilan. Sustainable Development and Geographic Environment.3 (4), 73-86.

[14] Helvetas Swiss Intercooperation. (2013). Manual, 3 step for working in fragile and conflict-affected situations (WFCS).

[15] Hubert, N. (2021). The nature of peace, How environmental regulation can cause conflicts. Journal of World Development. 141, 1-12.

[16] Ibarra, S.N. (2021). Addressing a complex resource conflict, Humans, sea otters, and shellfish in Southeast Alaska. PhD Dissertation, College of Fisheries and Ocean Sciences, University of Alaska Fairbanks, 219p.

[17] Islamic parliament research center of the Islamic Republic of IRAN. (2016). Take a look at the overall state of the environment. Report No.14838.

[18] Jahdi, R. Darvishsefat, A.A. and Badripour, H. (2020). Wildfire risk and exposure modeling using geographic information system in Khalkhal and Kowsar municipalities. Journal of Spatial Analysis Environmental Hazards. 7(3), 79-94.

[19] Janati chenar. M.A and Kolahi, M. (2018). The conflict between ranchers and natural resources management. 7th national conference on rangeland and rangeland management of Iran, 8-9 May 2018, 1-17.

[20] Karamidehkordi, E and Babaee, R. (2018). Analyzing Rural Women's Information Needs for Sustainable Natural Resources Management (A Case Study in the Ghezel Tapeh Watershed in Zanjan Province). Iran Agricultural Extension and Education Journal. 14 (1), 163-184.

[21] Kolahi, M. (2020). Administrative Organizational Structures towards Environmental Macro-Policies. Quarterly Journal of the Macro and Strategic Policies. 8 (3), 510-534.

[22] Kolahi, M. (2021). Natural Resources Stakeholders. Journal of Water and Sustainable Development. 18 (1), 19-30.

[23] Kronenburg García, A. (2017). Exploring the ‘layeredness’ of recurring natural resource conflicts, The role of Loita Maasai leadership in the Naimina Enkiyio Forest conflicts in Kenya. Land Use Policy. 65, 66–77.

[24] Mahmoodi, J., Mirbozorgi, S.A., Heidari, Gh and Rayati, M. (2012). Indicators affecting the grazing management project in Mazandaran summer rangelands from the perspective of natural resources experts. Journal of Natural Ecosystem of Iran. 2 (3), 49-59.

[25] Mohseni, H. (2017). Environmental justice and protection of forest in criminal unification judgment of Supreme Court. Journal of Criminal law and Criminology Studies. 4 (1), 85-109

[26] Moradveisi, S., Hemmat, A.M and Shamekhi, T. (2019). Identification of executive and managerial barriers in the activity of forestry cooperatives in Guilan Province. Iranian Journal of Forest. 11 (2), 281-296.

[27] Noghre Alizade Darooie, B., Ghodskhah Daryaei, M. and Heidari safari kouchi, A. (2020). Prioritization of forest degradation factors in West Gilan during 24-years, cusing remote sensing techniques. Physical Geography Quarterly. 12 (49), 23-34.

[28] Pakdel Janyar., M and Maleki, M. (2019). Investigating the Interactions of Natural Resources Laws and Land Reforms in Preserving or Assigning National Land on the Range Allotments of Bileh-savar County, Ardabil Province. Journal of Rangeland. 13 (3), 423-434.

[29] Rahmani, A. (2019). Chalenging talk (Investigating the issue of "fire" in the country's natural resources). Iran Nature. 4 (1), 57-77.

[30] Rahmani, A. (2018). Managment of rangelands requires the development of a new road map. Iran Nature. 3 (3), 70-77.

[31] Reichel, C., Frömming, U.U. and Glaser, M. (2009). Conflicts between stakeholder groups affecting the ecology and economy of the Segara Anakan region. Regional Environmental Change. 9 (4), 335–343.

[32] Rezaei, E., Maleki, M., and Hosseini Nasab, M.S. (2021). The conflict between stakeholders in Ardabil and Germi counties, Ardabil Province, Iran. Water and Soil Management and Modeling, 1 (3), 1-14.

[33] Riggs, T.J. (1973). The use of canonical analysis for selection within a population of spring barley. Annals of Applied Biology. 74, 249-258.

[34] Roodgarmi, P. (2020). Investigating the problems of laws and regulations of the country in preserving natural resources. 10th National Conference on Environment, Energy and Sustainable Natural Resources.

[35] Roudgarmi, P. and Amouzadeh Mahdiraji, M.T. (2019). Review of State Laws and Regulations on Forests and Rangelands. Journal of land Management (Soil and Water science). 6 (2), 153-167.

[36] Sini, S. A.S. Abdul-Rahim, A.S and Sulaiman, Ch. (2021). Does natural resource influence conflict in Africa? Evidence from panel nonlinear relationship. Resources Policy. 74, 1-10.

[37] United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP). (2015). Natural resource and conflict, a guide for mediation practitioners.USA.106p.

[38] Vesco P., Dasgupta, S., De Cian, E and Carraro, C. (2020). Natural resources and conflict, A meta-analysis of the empirical literature. Ecological Economics. 172, (1-15).

[39] Warner, R.M. (2013). Applied Statistics, From Bivariate Through Multivariate Techniques, SAGE Publications.

نشریه علمی - پژوهشی مرتع و آبخیزداری

بررسی عوامل منجر به تعارض در منابع‌طبیعی در بین گروداران کلیدی حوزه‌های آبخیز غرب گیلان

مراجع

مراجع

دوره 75، شماره 1
خرداد 1401
صفحه 73-90

بررسی عوامل منجر به تعارض در منابع‌طبیعی در بین گروداران کلیدی حوزه‌های آبخیز غرب گیلان

مراجع

مراجع

دوره 75، شماره 1خرداد 1401صفحه 73-90

دوره 75، شماره 1
خرداد 1401
صفحه 73-90