Samira Amoie; Mohammaadreza Tatian; Ghodratolah Heydari
Abstract
This study investigates the effective factors in land-holders use of 4 tree species including: Acer velutinum, Quercus castaneifolia, Carpinus betulus, Diospyrus lotus and 4 species of shrubs including Mespilus germanica, Prunus cerasifera , Celtis australis and ALbizia julibrissin to feed livestock ...
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This study investigates the effective factors in land-holders use of 4 tree species including: Acer velutinum, Quercus castaneifolia, Carpinus betulus, Diospyrus lotus and 4 species of shrubs including Mespilus germanica, Prunus cerasifera , Celtis australis and ALbizia julibrissin to feed livestock and determine their nutritional value in livestock places of forest regions around Javaherdeh village in Ramsar city of Mazandaran province at the end of leaf growth stage. In order to perform sampling in a stage vegetative growth was done randomly. Then the green leaves which were dried in the open air and sized were transferred to the laboratory. The aim was to determine forage quality including: parameters of crude protein (CP), phosphorus (P), nitrogen (N), potassium (K), insoluble fibers in acidic detergent (ADF), insoluble fibers in neutral detergent (NDF), Dry matter content (DMD), metabolic energy (ME). This research was conducted in a completely randomized design and the analysis of laboratory data in SPSS software and the analysis of information obtained from the questionnaire using Friedman test was used to perform statistical analysis of collected data. The results showed that the Albizia julibrissin species due to the amount of metabolic energy (11.25), dry matter digestibility (77.97), crude protein (22.77), crude fat (5.26), insoluble fibers in neutral detergent (52.44), have a higher forage quality than the other seven species. The findings indicate that the nutritional value of Albizia julibissin has been associated with its greater utilization by ranchers, it shows the importance of local knowledge in this field.
ronak ahmadi; Qodratollah Heydari; gholamreza khoshfar
Abstract
The aim of this study was to identify factors influencing participation of landholders in the the rehabilitation and restoration of Choqakadoo rangeland in the city Sarpolzahab province of Kermanshah The aim of the research, applied research methodology, causal correlation. In addition to data processing ...
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The aim of this study was to identify factors influencing participation of landholders in the the rehabilitation and restoration of Choqakadoo rangeland in the city Sarpolzahab province of Kermanshah The aim of the research, applied research methodology, causal correlation. In addition to data processing descriptive statistics and correlation, multiple regression and path analysis method of inferential statistics were used. The results showed that the correlation coefficient attend public hearings, cordial relations with its neighbors, dominating the promoters on technical topics, providing extension services in the field of rehabilitation and restoration of rangeland, over responsibility for part of the program into landholders, membership in local organizations, familiar of landholders with and participate in training courses and promotional programs most of solidarity with the participation of landholders in the rangeland rehabilitation and restoration. Enter regression methods on variables including background indicate that their level of education, the most direct and positive effects (0/281) and the most positive effect and total (0/357) on the participation of landholders, also number of livestock, number of dependents and income are next in priorities. Among the variables including background age and years of exploitation has a negative effect (-0/482 , -0/468) on landholders' participation in the rangeland rehabilitation and restoration. So pay particular attention to these factors can be placed on the agenda of managers and planners and more participation of landholders in areas of rehabilitation and restoration of rangelands, provide in every area.
Reza Namjooyan; Jamshid Ghorbani; Ghodrat alah heydari; Ghorban Vahab Zade
Abstract
Activities related to the extraction of minerals are one of the factors causing a disturbance in rangelands. Vegetation succession in mining areas depends on the soil seed bank. For this purpose, the soil seed bank was studied in two important coal extraction sites in Mazandaran province to identify ...
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Activities related to the extraction of minerals are one of the factors causing a disturbance in rangelands. Vegetation succession in mining areas depends on the soil seed bank. For this purpose, the soil seed bank was studied in two important coal extraction sites in Mazandaran province to identify and compare seed amount between coal wastes and nearby rangeland as control. Soil and coal wastes samples were taken from 140 plots of 1 m2 in Kiasar coal mine and 115 plots in Karmozd coal mine before the growth season. Samples were kept in a glasshouse for eight months germinated seeds were counted. Results of this study showed that the germination of 28 species in Kiasar and 23 species in Karmozd. 10 and 6 species only presented in Karmozd and Kiasar coal waste, respectively. Annuals dominated the coal waste seed bank in Kiasar while perennials were common in Karmazd coal waste seed bank. In Kiasar, coal waste seed bank had less diversity and richness than that in seed bank of rangelands, but no significant differences were observed between seed bank of coal waste and seed bank of rangeland in Karmozd. Due to the harsh conditions of seed germination and seedling establishment and also low seed density in the seed bank, natural regeneration in coal wastes of these two sites will be a slow process and it needs amendment treatments and the introduction of target plants seeds.
Farzad Ahmadi; Ghodratollah Heidari; Faatemeh Shafiee
Abstract
The purpose of this research was to investigate the factors affecting the use of information resources and communication channels by the Dehgoln Township ranchers to participate in rangelands rehabilitation and restoration projects. The study consisted of all ranchers (N=80) in the Dehgolan county, located ...
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The purpose of this research was to investigate the factors affecting the use of information resources and communication channels by the Dehgoln Township ranchers to participate in rangelands rehabilitation and restoration projects. The study consisted of all ranchers (N=80) in the Dehgolan county, located in Kurdistan Province, among whom 68 ranchers were selected through random sampling technique. A questionnaire was designed and employed to gather the required data. A panel of selected experts verified the questionnaire's content validity. The scale of the use of information resources and communication channels was proved to be reliable since Cronbach Alpha coefficient was estimated as equal to 0.7. Data analysis was done through SPSS software version 22. The results of descriptive statistics revealed that majority of the ranchers were illiterate. In addition, it revealed that majority of the ranchers have utilized information resources and communication channels at a low level. The results of regression analysis finally revealed that three variables of income, educational level and family size, explained about 54% of the variances of the dependent variable.
asgar hosseinzadeh; Ghodratolah Heidari; Hosein Barani; Hasan Zali; Ehsan Zandi Esfahan
Abstract
Nomadic migration has been a way of living in Iran from ancient times. Although this way of life has changed in different periods, the intensity of these changes has an origin in social, political and security issues in addition to livestock and rangelands. The population of the study area is 70 and ...
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Nomadic migration has been a way of living in Iran from ancient times. Although this way of life has changed in different periods, the intensity of these changes has an origin in social, political and security issues in addition to livestock and rangelands. The population of the study area is 70 and a number of 58 people were selected using Cochran formula. In the present study, questionnaires were used and data collection was performed using interview. To measure social integration, five factors were used which were included in the questionnaire including customary rights, within group-trust, tribal and local trust, confidence and awareness of the projects provided by the government, and legal protection. Cronbach's Alpha coefficient for the social integration was calculated to be 0.88 and the correlation between social integration and the factors including beneficiaries’ literacy, the history of exploitation, annual income from animal husbandry and the number of livestock was analyzed through Pearson test using SPSS software. It was revealed that there was a direct and significant relationship between social integration and annual revenue of animal husbandry and the history of exploitation while social integration had a significant inverse relationship with the number of livestock, indicating a close relationship between the nomadic community and their social integration. Nomadic community needs should be provided in the form of nomad's social integration. Finally, the tribal system of the country should be viewed as a cultural heritage and it should not be measured by modern development indicators.
valiollah Raufirad; Qodratollah Heidari; Hossein Azadi; Jamshid Ghorbani
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to assess socio-economic vulnerability in lowland rangelands of Aran-v-Bidgol County. Accordingly, the most important socio-economic indices were identified using literature review. The sample size was calculated based on Cochran’s formula. Data was collected using ...
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The purpose of this study was to assess socio-economic vulnerability in lowland rangelands of Aran-v-Bidgol County. Accordingly, the most important socio-economic indices were identified using literature review. The sample size was calculated based on Cochran’s formula. Data was collected using a researcher-made questionnaire. A panel of experts and Cronbach’s alpha coefficient approved respectively the content validity and reliability of the questionnaire. Me-Bar and Valdez's vulnerability formula was applied to assess the socio-economic vulnerability. Results showed that “presence of experts in rangelands”, “local problems and the collapse of past utilization systems” and “number of rangeland users” were the most important indices of social vulnerability. Findings further indicated that “life expenses of rangeland users”, “number of livestock of rangeland users”, “economic status of rangeland users”, “livestock type” and “increasing prices” are the most important indices of economic vulnerability. The results also identified that more accuracy can be obtained to assess rangelands vulnerability by integrating social and economic factors at local scale. Therefore, policy-makers and rangeland managers and practitioners should pay more attention to socioeconomic factors at local scales to sustainable rangeland management.
zohre sepehri; Zeinab Jafarian; Ataolah Kavian; ghodratollah heydari
Abstract
Since fire effects on soil properties, awareness about effects of fire on soil is important for fire management. This study was carried out to investigate effects of fire on hydrological, physical and chemical properties of soil in Charat rangeland of Savadkuh. Sampling was performed in two plant types ...
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Since fire effects on soil properties, awareness about effects of fire on soil is important for fire management. This study was carried out to investigate effects of fire on hydrological, physical and chemical properties of soil in Charat rangeland of Savadkuh. Sampling was performed in two plant types Astragalus gossypinus and Artemisia aucheri, 120 soil samples were gathered. Experimental design was factorial design based on complete randomized design with three repeat. Five prepared treatments for Experiment were control soil, burned soil with burner and burned in oven at 100, 300 and 500 °C. Soil characteristics including the texture, saturation moisture, pH, organic matter, field capacity, wilting point, available water and retention capacity were measured in the laboratory. Results showed that percent of sand and pH increased but percent of saturation moisture, silt and clay decreased as temperature increased. On the whole, fire and heat have decreased soil potential of keeping moisture and infiltration considerably. As physical and chemical properties of soil change, especially hydrological ones, living environment of soil microorganisms and plant roots change as well. Besides, amount of runoff and erosion increases.
Fatemeh Salarian; Jamshid Ghorbani; Ghodratolah Heydari; Nosratolah Safaian
Abstract
Conservation and restoration of biodiversity is very important for degraded rangeland ecosystems. It is necessary to assess the potential of soil seed bank as a major source of species. In this study, the soil seed bank size and composition were compared between exclosure and grazed areas. This was done ...
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Conservation and restoration of biodiversity is very important for degraded rangeland ecosystems. It is necessary to assess the potential of soil seed bank as a major source of species. In this study, the soil seed bank size and composition were compared between exclosure and grazed areas. This was done in Chahar-Bagh rangelands in Golestan province. Soil was sampled in Exclosure and Grazing from 0-5 and 5-10 cm depths in 90 quadrates of 1 m2. Then seed bank composition was identified after seed germination in glasshouse. A total of 28 species from 15 families were found in soil seed bank flora of both exclosure and grazed areas. Compositae, Gramineae, and Rosaceae were dominant in soil seed bank. Also, hemicryptophyte, Forbs and perennials were abundant in the seed bank of both areas. Exclosure significantly increased the seed density of Digitaria sanguinalis, Potentilla canescens, Stellaria media, Sonchus oleraceusand Galium verum in the seed bank. The species richness and diversity indices were not significantly different between two areas. These indices significantly increased in upper soil layer in exclosure while these indices were not significantly different between two soil depths in grazed area. The result of this study showed that exclosure influenced the soil seed banks, however, there was no evidence of positive changes in species richness and diversity indices and also an increase of grasses in soil seed bank.
Ghodrat Alah Heydari; Hamid Reza Saeidi Goraghani
Abstract
Assessment of diversity and species richness in the understanding of ecosystem functions, protect and preserve genetic resources, evaluation and control of environmental change and the success or failure will help natural resource management programs. Arbitrary banning livestock grazing program and one ...
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Assessment of diversity and species richness in the understanding of ecosystem functions, protect and preserve genetic resources, evaluation and control of environmental change and the success or failure will help natural resource management programs. Arbitrary banning livestock grazing program and one of the most common and perhaps the most degraded pastures and reduced the diversity and species richness. Given the importance of livestock grazing on vegetation change in the qualitative and quantitative research to study the effect of the three grazed sites Reference area, Key area and Critical area on the diversity and richness species with different plant forms in southern slopes of Damavand mountain Summer Rangeland. Each unit, sampling was conducted along three transects 150 meters. Along each transect 15 plots with a scale and located within 10 meters of each plot type and number of plant species and the percentage and number of notes they were based. Numerical indicators to assess the diversity and richness of species diversity indices and using software Past Simpson, Shannon - Weiner index was calculated enrichment Menhnyk and Margalof. Data analyses was performed in SPSS18 software and compare the various indices of diversity and richness between regions with different intensities grazing Duncan's multiple range tests was performed.
Hamid Reza Saeidi Goraghani; Ghodrat alah Heydari; Hossein Barani; Zakaria Alavi
Abstract
This study is trying to exploitations view point and permanent management problems of rangeland to evaluate in ranches Damavand Summer Rangeland in Amol County. Statistical Society are utilizations 15 ranch that with three methods, collective property, private property and council property from rangeland ...
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This study is trying to exploitations view point and permanent management problems of rangeland to evaluate in ranches Damavand Summer Rangeland in Amol County. Statistical Society are utilizations 15 ranch that with three methods, collective property, private property and council property from rangeland utilization and randomly from among their number 88 was selected. The research tool was a questionnaire that among exploitations through direct interviews have been completed. To assess problems permanent management of rangeland in the area with pivotal effect of the structure of exploitation methods, index nine selection and with spectrum from exploitations view point and were measured. The results showed different methods on among permanent management of rangeland effect means confidence level 99 percent. Duncan comparison test showed that permanent management problems private property exploitation methods are low from exploitation methods collective property and council property. So Friedman test results showed that with the rank category index of problems permanent management of rangeland time stop livestock mid excessive pasture with average 9.23 and the number of livestock over rangeland capacity in the region with average 8.01, respectively, the uttermost rank or impacts than the other indexes on rangeland permanent management in watershed land. So with use from Kruskal Wallis test evaluated and compared each one of rangeland permanent management indexes in exploitation different methods. Generally recommended to reduce problems in watershed areas of before Projects of reform and reducing, recognizing systems, common law and the demands of exploitation more attention and emphasis management and experts.