Ahmad Azizi; Mohsen Maleki; Masoome sadat Hosseininasab
Abstract
Because ofthe conflicts of interest, the interaction of beneficiaries and natural resource experts inIran hasbeen challenged.This area was studied asthetarget, due totheechologic andsocial condition andconsideringthe existing conflicts. In this study, legal, managerial, exploitation, and social components ...
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Because ofthe conflicts of interest, the interaction of beneficiaries and natural resource experts inIran hasbeen challenged.This area was studied asthetarget, due totheechologic andsocial condition andconsideringthe existing conflicts. In this study, legal, managerial, exploitation, and social components were examined from the perspectives of both experts and beneficiaries. 188 questionnaires were completed with the Snowball Method. The validity of the main variables of questionnaire was greater than 0.7. The Mann-Whitney U-test was used to compare differences between two groups. The results show that in addition to the natural resources conflict in the whole region, in terms of perspective, there is a significant difference between the factors affecting the conflict between the local community and government experts. The most important components for increasing the conflict in this region from the perspective ofstakeholders are the lack oflaws, the presence of non-natives inrangelands and forests, the low presence of women in this natural resources field and according to the experts, lack of land-use conversion, and level of awareness of stakeholders. Land grabbing, Coaling and understory tillage are the most challenging issues in the west of Gilan province.From the managerial point of view, both groups have declared that the most effective way to reduce the conflict is the confinement of forests and pastures, but the participatory management issues was not accepted according to the two groups’ viewpoints. Effective presence of experts in the field, recognizing the livelihood potentials of the region, and encouraging and educating people to know alternative jobs are suitable ways to reduce conflict.
Mohsen Maleki; Habib Hasani; Masoome sadat Hosseininasab
Abstract
Watershed management practices have been implemented to avert land degradation and to enhance people's livelihoods in Iran for several years. The successes of these practices have been quite limited and the rates and intensities of adoption on local people haven’t identified. This study has been ...
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Watershed management practices have been implemented to avert land degradation and to enhance people's livelihoods in Iran for several years. The successes of these practices have been quite limited and the rates and intensities of adoption on local people haven’t identified. This study has been introduced an approach to consider some socioeconomic parameters from the stakeholders aspect which are important for watershed management decisions. Hasan abdal basin in Zanjan Province was selected as the case study area. The field data has completed with questionnaire instrument. The statistic population of this research was all 280 heads of families of stakeholders which living in this area. Among them, using Morgan table, 160 people were randomly asked questions directly. In this research, the Likert scale was used to analyze and measure the effects. The method of exploitation factor analysis was used to determine the factors. The validity of the questionnaire was calculated in KMO of 0.7 percent. The results of factor analysis indicated that effective parameters are in fore group's including improvement stakeholder participatory, flood control, reducing the migration and improving livelihoods. These fore factors, in general, had more than 67 percent of the total variance. The results showed that although watershed management projects in the region have been able to affect the four factors mentioned, but its manifestation in other aspects of life, such as improving the health of the village, the desire of villagers to stay in the region, improve income generation, reduce costs irrigation and dry farming crops have improved.
hassan Miladfar; hossen Barani; ramtin Julaie; parviz Riyazifar
Volume 63, Issue 1 , June 2010, , Pages 105-14
Abstract
The establishment of rational balance between number of users and productivity capacity of rangelands and suitable number of the folk in the ranch units is one of the necessities of the sustainable management of rangelands. Also growth and efficiency of the productive factor would lead to the economical ...
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The establishment of rational balance between number of users and productivity capacity of rangelands and suitable number of the folk in the ranch units is one of the necessities of the sustainable management of rangelands. Also growth and efficiency of the productive factor would lead to the economical benefit maximum .This study was done in order to evaluate the optimal ranch size basis on the social and economical relative sustainability in the rangelands of Urmiya. The statistical information were derived from 203 questionnaire collected from 34 rangeland ranch units in the study area at the year of 2007-2008. Then the costs, incomes and grazing capacity were evaluated in each unit. The suitable number of folk and optimal ranch size were determined based on some criteria such as Total Efficiency Index. Productivity factors and annual costs of family were analyzed using Eviews economic software. The results showed that ranch size per a rancher is not optimal and each productivity unit has used from the rangeland less than optimal limit. At present, utilizable rangeland average per a user is 71 ha. Also the suitable minimum size of folk and rangeland per a family including 5 members is 550 and 350 ha, respectively. So it is able to supply the annual costs of family. Also economically suitable folk number and optimal ranch size were determined 667 and 297 ha, respectively. Therefore we can totally conclude that the folk size of 300 to 350 is a suitable size, either with respect to efficiency of production factors livelihood or preparing of the livelihood per a family unit, which completely depends on the ranching in the region.
