mahshid souri; alireza eftekhari; Zhila Ghorbani; nadia kamali
Abstract
Soil is the most important component of rangeland ecosystems and by preserving it and its characteristics, In the present study, the amount of potassium and phosphorus in the soil of Ghoshchi rangelands of Urmia located in West Azerbaijan province from 2019 to 2021 under the influence of grazing and ...
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Soil is the most important component of rangeland ecosystems and by preserving it and its characteristics, In the present study, the amount of potassium and phosphorus in the soil of Ghoshchi rangelands of Urmia located in West Azerbaijan province from 2019 to 2021 under the influence of grazing and grazing conditions was investigated. In addition, the development and evaluation of an adaptive fuzzy-neural inference model (ANFIS) was presented in order to predict the amount of potassium and phosphorus in the soil and compare its results with the regression model. The mean squared error (RMSE) and the coefficient of explanation (R2) were used to evaluate the regression and inference models. The results of analysis of variance showed that different years and conditions under confinement and grazing had a significant effect on the amount of potassium and phosphorus in the soil, but their interaction was meaningless. The highest amount of soil potassium is related to the year 2021 and the conditions under grazing. While the highest amount of soil phosphorus was related to 2020. In the phosphorus factor modeling section, the ANFIS model with higher accuracy (R2 = 59.5) and less error (RMSE = 0.087) than the regression model (R2=0.38) with more error (RMSE = 0.089) was able to determine the amount of P to predict. Regarding potassium factor, ANFIS model with higher accuracy (R2 = 0.62 and less error (RMSE = 0.017) than regression model (R2 = 0.42) with more error (RMSE = 0.097) was able to measure soil potassium.
mahshid souri; payam najafi; javad motamedi; saeedeh nateghi
Abstract
To determine these factors, the DEMATEL was used. To determine the most influential factors, several criteria such as slope, slope direction, height, type of cover, density of cover, percentage of cover, human population, proximity to roads, proximity to residential areas, proximity to agricultural lands, ...
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To determine these factors, the DEMATEL was used. To determine the most influential factors, several criteria such as slope, slope direction, height, type of cover, density of cover, percentage of cover, human population, proximity to roads, proximity to residential areas, proximity to agricultural lands, proximity to water resources, The type of employment of the natives and the use of the lands were used. The various steps of the decision evaluation method included forming the mean matrix, calculating the effect matrix of non-scaled direct relationships, calculating the total matrix (total direct and indirect effects matrix), calculating the impact matrix and the impact rate, and determining the order of effectiveness and impact. Based on the obtained results, among various factors, land use factor (3.9308) has the most impact and factor for slope has the least impact (1.0475) on the fire phenomenon. Based on the results of the present study, land use factors and human population have more interaction with other fire factors and the weight of these factors is more on the occurrence of fire phenomenon. Also, based on the results of the communication vector, which represents the certainty of a criterion as an influential criterion, the factors adjacent to the road (1.43) and height (0.6) have the greatest impact .The most important application of this information is the use of this information in the preparation of fire risk maps.
mahshid souri; mina bayat; Hossein Arzani; Morteza khodagholi
Abstract
Climatic factors are the most important factors affecting vegetation growth and production. The impact of each of these factors in each region varies depending on the vegetation type. The effect of climatic factors (rainfall and temperature) on the production of grazed plant species at 6 steppe sites ...
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Climatic factors are the most important factors affecting vegetation growth and production. The impact of each of these factors in each region varies depending on the vegetation type. The effect of climatic factors (rainfall and temperature) on the production of grazed plant species at 6 steppe sites in Fars province over a ten year period (1998 to 2007) was investigated. 60 plots of 2 square meters along 4 transects of four hundred meters were used to measure cover and production was measured by cutting and weighing method in 15 plots along transects. Then, using regression relationship between canopy cover (percent) and production (kg ha-1), the residual plot yield was calculated for that year. Important climatic indices analyzed in this study are: annual rainfall, growing season rainfall (March to June), plus and earlier rainfall, annual temperature, July temperature, August, maximum and minimum temperatures. The results showed that the average canopy cover was 6.3% and the average yield was 128.5 kg / ha and among the different vegetative forms of shrubs had the highest percentage of cover and production and wheat had the lowest cover and production percentage. Among the important climatic indices, annual rainfall and August temperature at all sites and the growing season rainfall at all sites except for the desired site were the most effective indicators on forage production and showed a positive and significant correlation with forage production.
mahshid souri; mina gayeb; Javad Motamedi
Abstract
Rangelands, using a variety of renewable natural resources are as well as economic value, in terms of effects on soil and water conservation that are very important. This study was conducted in Nushan West Azerbaijan province. Determining the susceptible areas of rangeland to degradation done by out ...
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Rangelands, using a variety of renewable natural resources are as well as economic value, in terms of effects on soil and water conservation that are very important. This study was conducted in Nushan West Azerbaijan province. Determining the susceptible areas of rangeland to degradation done by out ranking technique PROMETHEE II was used. In this study, to determine the rangeland susceptible to degradation used numerous effective criteria such as precipitation, slope, erosion, sediment, runoff, discharge, production, pasture conditions, pH, conductivity, organic carbon, soil, land use, population density and the presence of villages in the catchment area of 7439 hectares was used. Weight criteria were determined using the Shannon entropy. Due to the weight and value of criteria for each vegetation type, analyzed data for each of them using PROMETHEE II. Finally, the rangeland degradation areas were divided in 3 category including; high, moderate and low classes by using K-means method.
mahshid souri; khaled bayazidi; ehsan zandiesfahan; javad motamedi
Abstract
Agropyron desertorum is the most important perennial grasses are semi-arid and temperate areas, which are recommended by natural resource experts to provide forage, pasture, soil stabilization and management of water resources. Awareness of the variation of rangeland species in different environmental ...
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Agropyron desertorum is the most important perennial grasses are semi-arid and temperate areas, which are recommended by natural resource experts to provide forage, pasture, soil stabilization and management of water resources. Awareness of the variation of rangeland species in different environmental conditions is one of the requirements for the reclamation, management and management of rangeland ecosystems. The aim of this study was to investigate effects of drought and contamination on the yield of Agropyron desertorum. The research on greenhouse was conducted in a factorial design based on copper oxide treatments at four levels (0, 25, 50 and 100 mg), copper Nano-oxid in 4 levels (0, 25, 50 and 100 mg) and polyethylene glycol 6000 (PEG6000) in three levels (0, -0.6 and -1/2 mpa) in 5 repeaters on Agropyron desertrorum was conducted in hydroponic greenhouses. The data measuring (biomass, shoot fresh weight, root fresh weight, during the shoot, root K, potassium shoot, chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b and all chlorophyll) by using SPSS.18 and Duncan test were analyzed. The analysis showed all the characteristics measured traits such Agropyron desertorum treated with copper oxide and copper Nano-oxid as well as their interactions in all treatments was significantly reduced compared to control. Agropyron desertorum estates in the areas where the soil has been Nano-oxid and oxides. Also, if the purpose of the cultivation of these species is provide forage for livestock in the affected areas, the cultivation of this species is not suitable and is not recommended.
Javad Daeizadeh; MAHSHID souri; Ehsan Zandi Isfahan; javad motamedi
Abstract
Total Petroleum Hydrocarbons are toxic and persistent pollutants that are considered as fundamental threat to the ecosystem. Phytoremediation, the use of plants for remediation of contaminated soils, is an effective and affordable way to reduce soil pollution. In this study, the potential phytoremediation ...
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Total Petroleum Hydrocarbons are toxic and persistent pollutants that are considered as fundamental threat to the ecosystem. Phytoremediation, the use of plants for remediation of contaminated soils, is an effective and affordable way to reduce soil pollution. In this study, the potential phytoremediation of pasture plants i.e. Agropyron intermedium and Dactylisglomerata in soil contaminated with crude oil of different concentrations (20, 30, 40 and 50 percent) was scrutinized for 120 days under greenhouse condition. At the end of the study, changes in biological factors (shoot height, shoot dry weight and root dry weight) of each species and changes in petroleum hydrocarbons of soil were measured and results were analyzed using SPSS software. The process of decay kinetics curve of petroleum percent was used to calculate the time it takes for decomposition of petroleum hydrocarbons. Results showed that three main features of biological factors of both studied species in different treatments were significantly different compared to control group. Analysis of changes in petroleum hydrocarbons indicated that Agropyronintermedium reduced 79.81 percent of oil in the treatment of 20% and reduced 58.54 percent of oil in the treatment of 50%. Therefore, it has higher phytoremediation ability in comparison with Dactylisglomerata. The results of the analysis of petroleum in soil samples, fitted with zero-order kinetic model showed that the first order kinetic model is the best model for simulating the trend of changes of Petroleum hydrocarbon of the soil
