Mohammad Reza Ekhtesasi; mohammad sefid; Ali Morovati Sharif Abadi
Abstract
Zonation of quality of drinking water sources is necessary for Water Management in Arid and Hyper Arid areas. In this research, spatial variations of quality characteristics of water (EC, Na, K, Mg, Ca, NO3, SO4, Alkalinity, Cl, TH and TDS were investigated in one-year period (2015-2016) based on the ...
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Zonation of quality of drinking water sources is necessary for Water Management in Arid and Hyper Arid areas. In this research, spatial variations of quality characteristics of water (EC, Na, K, Mg, Ca, NO3, SO4, Alkalinity, Cl, TH and TDS were investigated in one-year period (2015-2016) based on the data collected from 55 drinking deep wells of Yazd Plain. In order to evaluate and select the best method of interpolation was used Simple kriging, Ordinary kriging and Inverse Distance Weighted and RMSE. Zoning maps showed that groundwater of Charkhab and Yazdgerd respectively are in the Southeast and Northwest of study area, which are affected by flow of the Mehriz and Taft river, that are higher quality than the middle part of study area.The changes in the main indicators of quality such as TDS are from less than 500 to more than 2500 mg/lit and EC from less than 700 to more than 3,500 micromhos/cm that this achievement reflects the need for utilization management and preparation of drinking water with best quality to enter the network. Also the wells in the center of study area such as 16 Silo, 12 Dehno, 13 Dehno and 24 Dehno in terms of quality parameters such as TDS, TH, EC and Cl have more than double the national standard limit, that is recommended to remove them or adjustment operation of wells in drinking water network.
Payam Ebrahimi; mehdi Eslah; Maryam Azarakhshi
Abstract
One kind of the mass wasting which takes much toll and leaves much damage in the world and many locations in Iran is landslide. Landslide susceptibility mapping allows recognizing susceptible areas to be considered in environmental programs. Present research is aimed at Landslide susceptibility mapping ...
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One kind of the mass wasting which takes much toll and leaves much damage in the world and many locations in Iran is landslide. Landslide susceptibility mapping allows recognizing susceptible areas to be considered in environmental programs. Present research is aimed at Landslide susceptibility mapping in Hafshejan watershed in Chaharmahal-o-Bakhtiari province using Spatial Multi Criteria Evaluation (SMCE) method via geographic information system (GIS) and ILWIS software and AHP technic. Therefore, regarding the sites where landslides occurred, comparative studies, and the findings of other scholars, eight informational layers were identified for this research. Then, the tree of factors and restrictions was designed in ILWIS software. All layers were standardized and were evaluated and weighted applying AHP model. Last but not least, upshot model and landslide hazard zonation map were prepared and presented for the relevant study area. It was found out that from among effective factors, distance from road, distance from fault and distance from stream of 0.4047, 0.2239 and 0.1302 weight respectively are the most important factors triggering landslide in study area. According to the presented model, about 1.32 percent of watershed area (1013900 square meters) is extremely high risk and 9 percent (6909800 square meters) is high risk. The results of accuracy evaluation of the presented model are indicative of ascendantal trend of landslide index from very low hazard zone to very high hazard zone and they are indicative of sufficient precision of this model.
khabat Khosravi; Edris Marufinia; Ebrahim Nohani; Kamran Chapy
Abstract
In order to prevent any damages which can be caused by flood at Haraz watershed in the Mazandaran province, it is essential to prepare a flood susceptibility map using logistic regression. About 211 flood locations and 211 non-flood locations were first recognized. Ten flood conditioning factors such ...
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In order to prevent any damages which can be caused by flood at Haraz watershed in the Mazandaran province, it is essential to prepare a flood susceptibility map using logistic regression. About 211 flood locations and 211 non-flood locations were first recognized. Ten flood conditioning factors such as Slope, plan curvature, altitude, distance from river, topographic wetness index (TWI), stream power index (SPI), rainfall, landuse and normalized differences vegetative index (NDVI) were then identified. The maps of all affecting factors were prepared using ArcGIS10.1, ENVI 5.1 and SAGA GIS2 software and they were exported to raster formats. Flood locations were randomly divided into two groups: 70% (151 flood locations) and 30% (60 flood locations) for modeling and validation, respectively. Enter method was selected for weighing the 10 factors in SPSS.18. The factors with their corresponding weights were used in the ArcGIS software for generation of flood susceptibility map. The map was divided into 5 classes. ROC curve and area under curve (AUC) are used for the validation of derived map. The results indicated that for prediction rate, the AUC is 78.3%; thus, the logistic regression has a reasonable accuracy for flood susceptibility mapping. The findings of this research are useful and necessary for scholars, the Mazandaran Regional Water Authority (MRWA), Ministry of Energy, and other agriculture and natural resources-related organizations in order for mitigating losses and damages during flooding events.
sadat Feiz Nia; Mariam Musavian; Zohreh Abdolahian Dehkordi; Khadijeh Ebrahimi Dorche
Abstract
Physical characteristics of drainage basins suchas geological materials, landuse type and vegetation cover, soil type, surfacepermeability, depth of underground water table, topographical conditions anddrainage are important factors in flood occurrence which affect prevailingequations on water movement ...
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Physical characteristics of drainage basins suchas geological materials, landuse type and vegetation cover, soil type, surfacepermeability, depth of underground water table, topographical conditions anddrainage are important factors in flood occurrence which affect prevailingequations on water movement in drainage and determine storage capacity ofdrainage basins. Geology is one of the most important factors affecting floodoccurrence of drainage basin. In this study it is attempted to investigate theeffect of geology factor on flood occurrence in Joneghan drainage basin,Shahr-e – Koord, using a new method. In this respect, after preparing base mapsconsisting of slope amount , geology , landuse , erodibility of geologicalmaterial , soil depth and drainage pattern , studies were performed in twostages as follows: In the first stage, flood occurrence of hill slopes of eachsub- catchment was investigated. For doing so, work unit map was prepared usingslope and infiltration maps. Then in each sub-catchment, land use, erodibilityof geological materials and soil depth were overlaid with work unit map one byone and dually. In the second stage, flood occurrence of drainage wasinvestigated as follows: First, longitudinal profile of main drainage of eachsubcatchment was prepared using GIS. For investigation of flood occurrence ofdrainages, slope and permeability of geological units were used. The results ofthe first stage showed that permeability, slope, erodibility of geologicalmaterials and soil depth have the greatest effect on flood occurrence,respectively. Also based on this four – factor method, subcatchments weredivided into five flood occurrence classes as follow: low, low to medium,medium, relatively high, and high. The results of the second stage showed thatdrainage flood occurrence belongs to two classes of low to medium and medium.By combining slope and drainage flood occurrence, it can be concluded that thethird subcatchment with medium flood occurrence is more susceptible to floodrelative to other subcatchments. With regard to the results of the presentstudy, it can be concluded that geology has high impact on flood occurrence andpermeability of geological materials decrease flood occurrence in the basin.
golaleh ghaffari; Hassan Ahmadi; Omid Bahmani; Ali akbar Nazari samani
Abstract
In Iran due to the lack of long experience in the implementation of Soil Conservation and Watershed Management Plans, these measures have not been evaluated quantitatively and specific methods for this purpose have not been provided. In this research effort is to investigate the effect of watershed management ...
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In Iran due to the lack of long experience in the implementation of Soil Conservation and Watershed Management Plans, these measures have not been evaluated quantitatively and specific methods for this purpose have not been provided. In this research effort is to investigate the effect of watershed management operations performed in Can Basin in 1379, on the amount of erosion and sedimentation and rate of project success or failure and its causes. So after providing the required information and statistics and being sure about the authenticity and accuracy of statistics and statistical reconstruction of defects with conventional methods, to investigate the effect of implemented projects on erosion and sedimentation rates, average of suspended sediments in the period before project implementation (1986-2000) and in the period after project implementation (2001-2008) was calculated using sediment rating curves through intermediate technique class, and using daily water discharge, watershed erosion and deposition were also calculated using MPSIAC model. Specific erosion and deposition map was provided in the period after project implementation using Arc GIS software and finally the amount of efficiency and effect of this operation on the amount of erosion and deposition rates was judged. The results of studies showed that due to operating this plan, the average amount of suspended sediment has changed from 47892 tons per year during the statistical period before the plan to 22365 tons per year during the eight-year statistical period after it. The amount of erosion and sedimentation has shifted from 66758 tons to 50549 tons, which shows the positive effect of plan on reducing the amount of suspended sediment and the lack of effective role in reducing the rate of erosion. The main reasons for the low efficiency of Watershed Management Plan implemented in relation to decreasing the amount of erosion are: lack of suitable biological operations in the basin (less than 25 percent of the volume of the proposed action), focusing on mechanical operations, weaknesses in project monitoring and evaluation During all stages of its implementation, failure to observe the standards and technical points such as non-conforming structures built between locations and proposed locations, lack of standards in building the necessary structures and inappropriate dimensions of structures, destruction of floor section in mortar stone structures and etc.
