نشریه علمی - پژوهشی مرتع و آبخیزداری

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 دانشجوی دکتری علوم و مهندسی آبخیز، دانشکده منابع طبیعی، دانشگاه تهران، ایران.

2 دانش آموخته کارشناسی ارشد سنجش ازدور و سیستم اطلاعات جغرافیایی، گرروه سرنجش ازدور و سیستم اطلاعات جغرافیایی، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی واحد یزد، ایران.

3 استادیار گروه مرتع و آبخیزداری، دانشکده کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی، دانشگاه تربت حیدریه، ایران.

چکیده

یکی از انواع فرآیندهای دامنه‌ای که هرساله موجب خسارات جانی و مالی فراوان در بسیاری از نقاط ایران و جهان می‌شود، پدیده زمین‌لغزش است. تهیه نقشه پهنه‌بندی زمین‌لغزش امکان شناسایی مناطق آسیب پذیر را فرآهم کرده و در برنامه‌های محیطی مدنظر قرار می‌دهد. هدف از این پژوهش پهنه‌بندی خطر زمین‌لغزش در حوزه آبخیز هفشجان واقع در استان چهارمحال و بختیاری با به‌کارگیری روش ارزیابی چندمعیاره مکانی با استفاده از سامانه اطلاعات جغرافیایی (GIS)، نرم‌افزار ILWIS و تکنیک AHP می‌باشد. در این راستا ابتدا با توجه به موقعیت زمین‌لغزش‌های به وقوع پیوسته، مطالعات تطبیقی و نتایج سایر محققان، هشت لایه اطلاعاتی برای این مهم شناسایی شد. سپس درخت‌واره عوامل و محدودیت‌ها در نرم‌افزار ILWIS طراحی گردید، تمامی لایه‌ها استاندارد سازی شده و با استفاده از مدل AHP عوامل مربوطه ارزیابی و تعیین وزن گردید. نهایتاً مدل و نقشه پهنه‌بندی خطر زمین‌لغزش منطقه تهیه و ارائه شد. نتایج نشان می‌دهد که در بین عوامل مؤثر، فاکتورهای فاصله از جاده، فاصله از گسل و فاصله از آبراهه به ترتیب با وزن های 4047/0، 2239/0 و 1302/0 به‌عنوان مهم‌ترین عوامل در ایجاد زمین‌لغزش در منطقه مطالعاتی شناسایی ‌شدند. بر اساس مدل ارائه ‌شده، حدود 32/1 درصد از مساحت حوضه (1013900 مترمربع) دارای خطر وقوع بسیار زیاد و 9 درصد (6909800 مترمربع) دارای خطر وقوع زیاد است. نتایج حاصل از ارزیابی دقت و صحت مدل ارائه ‌شده، روند صعودی شاخص زمین‌لغزش را از پهنه خطر خیلی کم به سمت پهنه خیلی زیاد ترسیم می‌کند و نشان‌دهنده دقت لازم جهت مدل مذکور می‌باشد.

کلیدواژه‌ها

عنوان مقاله [English]

Landslide Hazard Zonation Using SMCE Method and AHP Technic (Case Study: Hafshejan Watershed, Chaharmahal-o-Bakhtiari)

نویسندگان [English]

  • Payam Ebrahimi 1
  • mehdi Eslah 2
  • Maryam Azarakhshi 3

1 PHD student in university of Tehran

چکیده [English]

One kind of the mass wasting which takes much toll and leaves much damage in the world and many locations in Iran is landslide. Landslide susceptibility mapping allows recognizing susceptible areas to be considered in environmental programs. Present research is aimed at Landslide susceptibility mapping in Hafshejan watershed in Chaharmahal-o-Bakhtiari province using Spatial Multi Criteria Evaluation (SMCE) method via geographic information system (GIS) and ILWIS software and AHP technic. Therefore, regarding the sites where landslides occurred, comparative studies, and the findings of other scholars, eight informational layers were identified for this research. Then, the tree of factors and restrictions was designed in ILWIS software. All layers were standardized and were evaluated and weighted applying AHP model. Last but not least, upshot model and landslide hazard zonation map were prepared and presented for the relevant study area. It was found out that from among effective factors, distance from road, distance from fault and distance from stream of 0.4047, 0.2239 and 0.1302 weight respectively are the most important factors triggering landslide in study area. According to the presented model, about 1.32 percent of watershed area (1013900 square meters) is extremely high risk and 9 percent (6909800 square meters) is high risk. The results of accuracy evaluation of the presented model are indicative of ascendantal trend of landslide index from very low hazard zone to very high hazard zone and they are indicative of sufficient precision of this model.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • GIS
  • Hafshejan watershed
  • landslide
  • Spatial Multi Criteria Evaluation
  • Zonation
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