Document Type : Research Paper
Authors
1 Faculty of Natural Resources and Environment, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad
2 Faculty of Natural Resources and Environment, Water and Environment Research Institute, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad
Abstract
Social participation is an important factor in the social, economic and cultural development of human societies. Engagement in natural resources management also plays an important role towards sustainable development and is an important approach to achieve goals and to success in natural resource plans. In this regard, this research aims to investigate factors affecting people's participation in the implemented natural resource plans by conducting a questionnaire survey in the counties of Sarakhs (the villages of Bazangan, Zalughal, and Kalateh Awaz), Torbat Jam (the villages of Musa Abad, Tamink Olya, Tamink Sofla, and Kalate Ghazi), and Kashmar (the villages of Jardavi, Baharieh, and Ghochpalang), Khorasan Razavi Province, Iran. For sampling, out of 3077 households of these ten villages, 807 households were randomly selected and surveyed by cluster systematic method. The collected data were analyzed by SPSS and Amos software. Structural equations were modeled for visual and graphic design. The main indices and fitting coefficients of the model were identified. The results of the statistical tests showed that people had willingness to participate in the plans and some factors had a significant impact on public participation in the region, such as economic profitability of the plans, education, employment, social conflicts, and environmental attractions (sig <0.05). As a result, these factors should be strengthened and given more consideration for the future successful implementation of natural resource plans. Finally, identifying these factors in each region will be an important step in the success of any plan.
Keywords
[1] Afrakhteh, H., Hajipour, M., Gourzin, M. and Nejati, B. (2013). The Situation of Sustainable Agricultural Development in Iran Development Plans Case: Five-year plans After the Revolution. Quarterly Journal of the Macro and Strategic Policies, 1(1): 43-62. (In Persian)
[2] Ahmadi, F., Heydari, GH, A. and Shafiee, F. (2017). An analysis of the factors afeecting the use of information resources and communication channels by ranchers to participate in rangeland and rehabilitation and restoration projects (Case study: Dehgolan County). Journal of Range and Watershed Management, 70(1): 31-41. (In Persian)
[3] Alishah Eratboni, F., Arzani, H., Javadi, S., Farahpour, M. (2019). Investigation of factors influencing participation of ranchers in range management plans (Case study: Savadkooh Watershed, Mazandaran). Iranian Journal of Range and Desert Research, 26(2), 379-387. (In Persian)
[4] Arbabisarjou, A. and Sourki, M. S. (2015). Effect of sociological factors on targeted motivation of students of secondary education. Mental Health in Family Medicine, 11(1): 13-19.
[5] Azami, M., Yaghoobi farani, A. and Motaghed, M. (2016). Evaluation of people’s participation in Rual Hadi Plan and effective factors affecting their participation. Iranian Journal of Agricultural Economics and Development Research, 46(4), 881-899. (In Persian)
[6] Azari, M., Sadegi, S.H.R. and Telvari, A. (2011). Evaluation of watershed management practices on flood characteristics using a combination of HEC-HMS and HEC-RAS models in GIS, case study: Watershed Jaghrq. Journal of Watershed Science and Engineering, 15: 4-12. (In Persian)
[7] Bagherian, R., Goodarzi, M., Sanai Torghabah, M. and Bagherian Kalat, A. (2017). Investigation on dimensions of people’s participation in watershed management programs; Using factor analysis. Iranian Journal of Watershed Management Science and Engineering, 11 (36): 96-75. (In Persian)
[8] Barimani, F., Rasti, H., Reisi, I. and Mohammad zadeh, M. (2016). Analyzing the geograohical factors effective on the household livelihood in rural settlements Case study: Township Qasrqand. Geograohy and Territorial Spatial Arrangement, 6(18): 85-96. (In Persian)
[9] Boroumand, A. and Kolahi, M. (2021). A Criticism Study on Water Education in “Man and the Environment” Course Curriculums (11th grade, 2nd highschool). Research in Teaching, 9(1), 233-205. (In Persian)
[10] Chanya, A., Prachaak, B. and Ngang, T. K. (2014). Conflict management on use of watershed resources. Procedia-Social and Behavioral Sciences, 136(9): 481-485.
[11] Dadrasi Sabzevar, A., Ghazanchian, GH, A. and Namaki, M. (2016). The factors analysis of information, related to socio-economic effects of watershed management activities, according to the villagers’ point of view of Gosh watershed of Mashhad. Watershed Engineering and Management, 8 (3): 290-302. (In Persian)
[12] Ganjbakhsh, F., Kolahi, M. (2020). Sustainable Rurality in Seyyed Ali Watershed, Mashhad County, Iran. Journal of Rural Development Strategies, 7(1), 85-101. (In Persian)
[13] Ghasemi, M. and Karamidehkordi, E. (2017). Analyzing stakeholders' conflict network in naturalL resources conservation and exploitation: Case study: The Dorahan and Cheshme Ali watersheds). Iranian Journal of Range and Desert Research, 24(1): 39-56. (In Persian)
[14] Ghasemi, M., Karamidehkordi, E. and Ebrahimi, A. (2017). Analyzing social actors' conflict in natural resources management and its impact on rural communities (Case study: Borujen County). Journal of Rural Research, 8 (4), 635-648. (In Persian)
[15] Haregeweyn, N., Berhe, A., Tsunekawa, A., Tsubo, M. and Meshesha, D, T. (2012). Integrated watershed management as an effective approach to curb land degradation: a Case study of the Enabered watershed in northern Ethiopia. Environmental Management, 50 (6): 1219-1233.
[16] Heshmati, M., Gheitouri, M. and Shadfar, S. (2019). Technical evaluation of watershed management measures in Razin watershed, Kermanshah, Iran. Journal of Watershed Management Research, 9 (18): 26-35. (In Persian)
[17] Jamali, A. and Raeesi, N. (2015). Technical Note: Socio-Economic evaluation of watershed mechanical projects in Matesang Watershed-Nikshahr. Watershed Engineering and Management, 7 (3): 331-340. (In Persian)
[18] Jannatichenar, M. A., Kolahi, M. and Mesdaghi, M. (2020). Social Conflicts and Rangeland Management: A Case Study at Rangelands of Kalatnader County, Iran. Iranian Journal of Applied Ecology, 9 (3) :77-97. (In Persian)
[19] Jawan, J., Alavizadeh, S.A.M. and Kermani, M. (2011). The role of economic activities diversification in sustainable rural development case study: County of Semirom. Geography, 9(29): 17-43. (In Persian)
[20] Karimi, J. and Sharifzadeh, M. (2017). Investigating determinants of stakeholders’ participation on rangeland projects: The case of Goltape Township, Saqqez County. Iranian Journal of Range and Desert Research, 24(1): 238-248. (In Persian)
[21] Karimi, K., Karami Dehkordi, E. and aghajanlu, K. (2017). Assessing the impacts of natural resources management projects on rural households’ social capital in the Mahneshan Township. Journal of Range and Watershed Managment, 70 (2): 479-494. (In Persian)
[22] Khakzand, M., Mohammadi, M., Jam, F. and Aghabozorgy, K. (2014). Dentification of factors influencing urban facade’s design with an emphasis on aesthetics and ecological dimensions Case study: Valiasr Street-free region of Qeshm. Journal of Urban Studies, 3 (10): 15-26. (In Persian)
[23] Khashtabeh, R., Akbari, M., Kolahi, M. and Talebanfard, A. (2021). Assessing the effects of desertification control projects using socio-economic indicators in the arid regions of eastern Iran. Environment, Development and Sustainability, 23(7), 10455-10469.
[24] Kolahi, M. (2021). Natural Resources Stakeholders. Journal of Water and Sustainable Development, 8(1), 19-30. (In Persian)
[25] Kolahi, M., Entegham-Kesh, N. and Mahmoudmolaei Kermani, B. (2019). The Role of Socio-Cultural Components on Citizens' Environmental Behavior, Case Study: Shirvan. Journal of Urban Ecology Researches, 10(20), 41-56. (In Persian)
[26] Kolahi, M. (2020). Administrative Organizational Structures towards General Environmental Policies. Quarterly Journal of The Macro and Strategic Policies, 8(31), 510-534. (In Persian)
[27] Kolahi M. and Payeste M. (2020). Impacts of Natural Resource Projects on Socioeconomic Issues of Villagers at ChahNouroz Watershed. Jwmr, 11 (21) :154-164. (In Persian)
[28] Kolahi, M., Jannatichenar, M., Davies, K. and Hoffmann, C. (2021). Legal conflicts among natural resources stakeholders in Iran. British Journal of Middle Eastern Studies, 1-20.
[29] Kolahi, M. (2013). Synergisms for the intricate system of biodiversity and society in the conservation management of Iran. PhD Dissertation, Kyoto University.
[30] Kumbhar, V. P. (2018). Socioeconomic development of Village people through watershed management. i- Manager's Journal on Civil Engineering, 8 (4): 41.
[31] Madadi, E. and Maleki, M. (2018). Socio-economic impact assessment of the implemented natural resource projects from the stakeholders perspectives (Case study: Watershed Andabil- Khalkhal City). Journal of Rangeland, 12 (3): 267-280. (In Persian)
[32] Mahmodi, J. and Hakimpour, S. H. (2012). A study on the effective socio- economic factors involving in social participation in nour. Sociological Studies of Youth, 2(5): 129-148. (In Persian)
[33] Mahmoudi, J., Mahmoudi, A. and Shaban, A.G. (2020). Determination the effective factors on the participation rate of exploiters in the implementation of rangeland management projects in Kojour, Nowshahr city. Journal of Renewable Natural Resources Research .11(1): 57-70. (In Persian)
[34] Mahmoudi, J., Roudgar, A. and Mahdavi, S. (2018). Evaluation of the factors affecting on beneficiaries’ participation in range management plans Case study: rural restrict of Nemarestagh of dependencies of part of Larijan Amol. Journal of Natural Ecosystems of Iran, 9 (1): 103-118. (In Persian)
[35] Maleki, A. and Omidvar, O. (2016). The relationship between trust and social participation of in Iran (secondary analysis of global survey Inglehart). Quarterly Journal of Socio-Cultural Development studies, 4 (3):133-156. (In Persian)
[36] Mehrdoust, K., Shams, A. and Dehkordi, E. K. (2014). Effective factors on rural people participation in watershed management projects (Case study: Dorod Faraman and LalAbad Basin, Kermanshah Province). Iranian Journal of Agricultural Economics and Development Research, 44 (3): 399-409. (In Persian)
[37] Mianabadi, A., Davary, K., Kolahi, M., & Fisher, J. (2021). Water/climate nexus environmental rural-urban migration and coping strategies. Journal of Environmental Planning and Management, 1-25.
[38] Mirdamadi, S., Alizadefard, M. and Alimoradian, P. (2011). A Survey of the socio-economic impacts of public participation in Hableh Roud project (Case study: Tehran Province). Iranian Journal of Agricultural Economics and Development Research, 41 (4): 557-564. (In Persian)
[39] Mirzaei, M. and Kolahi, M. (2020). Sustainable Rurality in Torbat Heydariyeh County of Iran. Village and Development, 23(3), 79-96. (In Persian)
[40] Mohammadi Yeganeh, B., Einali, J., Cheraghi, M. and Fareehi, F. (2013. (Analysis of socio-economic barriers to villagers' participation in rural management process Case study: lishter rural agglomeration in Gachsaran County. Journal of Management and Development Process, 26 (1): 109-124. (In Persian)
[41] Moradi, A. and Kolahi, M. (2020). Sustainable rurality in the Mousa Abad watershed of Torbat Jam County. Environmental Sciences, 18(4), 183-202. (In Persian)
[42] Moradi, E., Heshmati, GH. A., Ghelishlee, F. and Mirdeylami, S. Z. (2015). Analyzing the success and failure of range management plans in Golestan Province, Journal of Rangeland, 9 (3): 281-291. (In Persian)
[43] Naeemi Nazmabad, Z., Farajpoor, M. and Amirshaghaghi, M.R. (2015). The assissment of social interaction in tissues of older urban neighborhoods (Case study: Darb-E-Noo Neighborhood in Gorgan). Journal Urban Manegement, 38 (14): 133-150. (In Persian)
[44] Omotesho, K. F., Ogunlade, I., Lawal, M. A. and Kehinde, F. B. (2016). Determinants of level of participation of farmers in group activities in Kwara State, Nigeria. Journal of Agricultural Faculty of Gaziosmanpasa University, 33 (3): 21-27.
[45] Pakzad, J. and Saki, E. (2014). Aesthetic Experience of Built Environment. Honar-Ha-Ye-Ziba: Memary Va Shahrsazi, 19 (3): 5-14. (In Persian)
[46] Palsaniya, D. R., Singh, R., Tewari, R. K., Yadav, R. S. and Dhyani, S. K. (2012). Integrated watershed management for natural resource conservation and livelihood security in semi-arid tropics of India. Indian Journal of Agricultural Sciences, 82 (3): 241-247.
[47] Payste, M., Kolahi, M. and Omranian khorasani, H. (2020). Criteria and Indicators; Requirement for Cognition, Applying and Evaluating Good Governance in Natural Resources. Journal of Water and Sustainable Development, 7(1), 13-22. (In Persian)
[48] Pandey, N. K. and Singh, S. K. (2014). Participation pattern of rural people in watershed development programme in Haryana State. Indian Research Journal of Extension Education, 14 (3): 39-42.
[49] Prenzel, P. V. and Vanclay, F. (2014). How social impact assessment can contribute to conflict management. Environmental Impact Assessment Review, 45, 30-37.
[50] Rands Barros, A. (2016). Roots of Brazilian Relative Economic Backwardness. Elsevier Monographs, Chapter 12: 209-230.
[51] Razaghi Borkhani, F. and Hosseini, S. H. (2016). Analyzing the problems and limitations of nomadic herders; Case: Tochal village of Pakdasht city in Tehran province. Journal of Space Economics and Rural Development, 5(4): 83-104.
[52] Rezaei, J., Seydzadeh, H. and Shadmani, A. (2017). Monitoring and economic impact analysis of floodwater spreading in Dehloran floodwater spreading research station. Watershed Engineering and Management, 9 (4): 479-492. (In Persian)
[53] Rouhi, F., Irannejad, H., Heydari, G.A. and Ghorbani, J. (2010). The role of social factors on Ranchers participation in range management plans (Case study: Rangeland of Ghaemshahr). Rangeland, 4(3): 474 – 483. (In Persian)
[54] Sajadi, Sajadi, N., Mohammad Esmeili, M., Behmanesh, B., Shahraki, M, R. and Eskandari, F. (2015). Investigating the economic-social factors affecting on pastoralists participatory in implementing rangeland management project in the Sanandaj city, 2 (1): 35-51. (In Persian)
[55] Shamsoddini, S., Emami, S. and Bahmani, S. (2020). Investigation of effective factors on rural participation in watershed management operations in Monj-Bideleh Basin of Lordegan. Watershed Engineering and Management, 12 (1): 166-176. (In Persian)
[56] Sharifi, A., Gholamrezayee, S. and Rezai, R. (2010). Determinants of the villagers' participation in watershed management plans Jiroft city. Journal of watershed management science and engineering, 4 (12): 1-10. (In Persian)
[57] Sunindijo, R. Y. and Hadikusumo, B. H. (2014). Emotional intelligence for managing conflicts in the sociocultural norms of the Thai construction industry. Journal of Management in Engineering, 30 (6): 04014025.
[58] Taghvaei, S. H. (2013). Rural landscape and features of manipulation of natural environment. Journal of Housing and Rural Environment, 32 (143): 15-38. (In Persian)
[59] Tavakol, M. and Dennick, R. (2011). Making sense of Cronbach's alpha. International Journal of Medical Education, 2: 53.
[60] Yaghoubi Farani, A., Karimi, S. and ParmoozeZE, F. (2017). Factors affecting people’s participation in forest protection plans in Gilane Gharb. Journal of Wood and Forest Science and Technology, 24(2): 33-45. (In Persian)
[61] Yamazaki, S., Resosudarmo, B. P., Girsang, W. and Hoshino, E. (2018). Intra-village and inter-village resource use conflict in Indonesia: The case of the Kei Islands. Ocean and coastal management, 155: 50-59.
[62] Yavuz, F. and Baycan, T. (2013). Use of swot and analytic hierarchy process integration as a participatory decision making tool in watershed management. Procedia technology, 8: 134-143.
)