Mohsen Sabzi nojedeh; mina amani; Mehdi Younessi Hamzekhanlu; Leila badri‎; Omid Fathizadeh; Esmaeil Sheidai Karkaj
Abstract
In recent decades, the scientific community of the world has paid particular attention to the local and indigenous knowledge of medicinal plants and ethnobotany science. The purpose of this study was to introduce the culture of traditional use of medicinal herbs in Meshginshahr city for ...
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In recent decades, the scientific community of the world has paid particular attention to the local and indigenous knowledge of medicinal plants and ethnobotany science. The purpose of this study was to introduce the culture of traditional use of medicinal herbs in Meshginshahr city for treatment of diseases. For this purpose, local names, medicinal properties, method of use and other information of medicinal species were collected at the same time. In this study information of 25 families and 55 medicinal species was recorded from the region. The Lamiaceae, Asteraceae and Fabaceae families had the highest number of plant species, respectively. The most used medicinal plants in this region were applied for treatment of different ailments including, gastrointestinal, infectious and anti-inflammatory and pain. Most herbal species were used to treat gastrointestinal diseases, which 64% of informant people reported this. Maximum number of plant species was used for treatment of gastrointestinal diseases (50%), which 64% of informants noted this subject. In the otrher hand, the least used plants species were related to fungal and parasitic diseases (8%). The most used medicinal organs were leaf, flowering shoot and flower, respectively, which most of them were used as either boiled or bloated. Various medicinal species in Meshkinshahr and the growing interest among people to use medicinal herbs, gives the promise to take an important step in order to resistive economy by developing employment projects based on the cultivation and processing of medicinal plants.
javad Motamedi(torkan); Hossein Arzani; morteza mofidi; esmaeil sheidaye karkaj; sahar babayi
Abstract
The role of shepherds in maintaining, managing and distributing livestock in rangelands is very important. Flock guidance plays a major role in the distribution of grazing and livestock performance in rangelands. Therefore, it is necessary to evaluate the existing spatial system and it is clear to what ...
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The role of shepherds in maintaining, managing and distributing livestock in rangelands is very important. Flock guidance plays a major role in the distribution of grazing and livestock performance in rangelands. Therefore, it is necessary to evaluate the existing spatial system and it is clear to what extent livestock are given in appropriate places according to ecological criteria and indices. The present study was conducted to evaluate the role of shepherds in herding and distribution of livestock (sheep) and its adaptation to rangeland suitability map. Record of movement of livestock in different months of the grazing season by GPS and its adaptation to rangeland suitability map which is led by shepherds in areas where the limitations of forage production and sometimes, the sensitivity of soil to erosion, have little value for why. Therefore, the hypothesis of the study that shepherd does not play an effective role in the distribution of livestock on the basis of rangeland merit is confirmed and given that shepherds have given the animals in places where they have little merit for why, it is concluded that the spatial system in the rangelands of the region is not efficient. Therefore, the use of new technologies such as GPS and electrical fences along with native knowledge in order to properly control the herd and reduce the burden of livestock grazing in the areas that are not based on ecological criteria and indicators, do not have the necessary merit, is suggested.
isa Jafari Foutami; Esmaeil Sheidai Karkaj
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to investigate the causes of uncertainty in different methods of estimating soil carbon and also to evaluate the proposed computational method that eliminated the effect of soil bulk density on carbon calculation and the actual soil carbon content for soils with different ...
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The purpose of this study was to investigate the causes of uncertainty in different methods of estimating soil carbon and also to evaluate the proposed computational method that eliminated the effect of soil bulk density on carbon calculation and the actual soil carbon content for soils with different bulk densities in terms of the equivalent depth.Therefore, in order to check the accuracy of this proposed method, the amount of carbon in three types of grazing intensity in Golestan province (light grazing, average grazing intensity and severe grazing) was calculated and various methods were tested and analyzed. The results of mean comparison showed that based on first approach (concentration carbon Parameter), amount of carbon in first depth of light grazing area, moderate grazing and intensity grazing have significant differences, and soil concentration are 31.39, 23.57 and 11.5 gr C/kg soil, respectively, However, contradictory results achieved for first depth in case of present the mass soil in per unit area based on constant depth. So that the first depth of the light and medium grazing intensity have more mass carbon, 89.15 and 74.47 ton C/ ha, respectively, and heavy grazing intensity site has the lowest, 42.93 ton C/ ha. There are also these uncertainties between two different depths for different sites. In order to dissolved this conflict in several studies, mass carbon based on equivalent depth was calculated for study area and result show that light and heavy grazing area have the highest and the lowest amount of carbon.
esmaeil sheida karkaj; javad motamedi; fateme alilu; hamid sirusi
Abstract
Grazing management is one of the basic elements in managing rangeland ecosystems. Proper use of grazing lands in order to achieve optimal efficiency and maintain the sustainability of rangeland ecosystems is the purpose of grazing management. In order to evaluate the response of vegetation to grazing ...
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Grazing management is one of the basic elements in managing rangeland ecosystems. Proper use of grazing lands in order to achieve optimal efficiency and maintain the sustainability of rangeland ecosystems is the purpose of grazing management. In order to evaluate the response of vegetation to grazing in summer rangelands of Chahar Bagh region of Golestan province, vegetation density, vegetation cover and functional properties were measured at five different grazing sites. Thus, using the statistics method of samples and regarding the size of the dominant plants canopy, 20 plots 1*1 meter by using a systematic- random method was considered in order to do sampling in each site and the density, and vegetation cover were recorded within each plot. Finally, parameters were analyzed using Duncan test and analysis of variance and the vegetation compositions of sites were compared using cluster analysis and Jaccard's coefficient of similarity. Results showed that the grazing intensity have significant effect on the vegetation. As grazing intensity increased, the density of desirable species decreased and density of undesirable species increased. So, the enclosure site had the highest desirable species density. Moreover, some functional types such as perennials, Hemicryptophytes, Chamephytes, grasses and decreaser plants significantly reduce with increasing grazing intensity. The greatest increase belongs to grasses with density of 9.8 and class I of palatability with density of 22.8 in enclosure site. Between functional groups, grass life form had the greatest increases in enclosure site with the cover of 19.65 percent. According to results of clustering and similarity index, pen surrounding and watering sites had similar vegetation composition. Enclosure and key area also had similar composition. In general, it can be concluded that increase in grazing intensity has caused negative changes in vegetation in study sites and the changes in watering area, village vicinity and pen area clearly observed. So, using of the management methods in order to improve vegetation indices and pushing it toward balance is recommended.
Seyedeh Zohreh Mirdeilami; Esmaeil Sheidai; Moosa Akbalou
Abstract
Considering the importance of vegetation changes and awareness of its destruction or improvement trends in programming and its proper managing of utilization, this study was conducted in order to survey the effects of grazing on the qualitative and quantitative components of vegetation (including life ...
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Considering the importance of vegetation changes and awareness of its destruction or improvement trends in programming and its proper managing of utilization, this study was conducted in order to survey the effects of grazing on the qualitative and quantitative components of vegetation (including life form, growth form, palatability class, plant families and species diversity) and recognition their most important changes in both grazing and enclosed sites in Kalpush plain, Golestan provience. For this purpose, samples were taken via 78 plot 1 square meter in a randomly- systematic method. Mean comparison of the components and recognition of the most changeable components in consequent implementing grazing management were done with t-student test and principle component analysis (PCA) respectively using Spss software. According to the vegetation study, 13 species belong to Asteraceae family and 10 species to Poaceae family and there are 69 Herbaceous species, 13 Grass species and 5 shrubs species of plants in this region. The results of t-Student test indicate an increase in relative density of Therophytes and class I plants, and decrease in Cryptophytes and class III in the enclosed. Also the results point out that grazing has caused increasing in the relative canopy of Shrubs and Champhyte and decreasing in Therophytes, Forbs in the region. Comparison of relative density and canopy cover of plant species in two sites showed a relatively good effect of rangeland enclosing in increasing of the density, restoration and recovery of species composition and diversity. Principal component analysis also showed that the most changeable components in consequent of rangeland enclosing were Forbs, Hemicryphtophyte, Therophyte, Appiacea and Brassicacea families in positive and Shrubs in negative of first axis. Also the Papaveracea and Asteracea families have the most incremental changes in the second component.
Javad Motamedi; Esmaeil Sheidai Karkaj
Abstract
Species diversity is one of the important characteristics shows rangeland ecosystems changes, which isalready under effects of management practices. Thus, this research was conducted to study speciesdiversity variation and assess suitable distributive abundance model in three rangeland sites in WestAzerbaijan. ...
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Species diversity is one of the important characteristics shows rangeland ecosystems changes, which isalready under effects of management practices. Thus, this research was conducted to study speciesdiversity variation and assess suitable distributive abundance model in three rangeland sites in WestAzerbaijan. These sites were almost similar in environmental properties and differ in view point ofgrazing intensity (light, moderate and heavy intensities). After selecting sampling areas in each of thesites, species cover were recorded in 60, one square meter quadrates with 10 meter far from each otherwhich established along 100 meter transects in sites and then richness, evenness and diversity(heterogeneity) indices were calculated. Thus, rank-abundance curves were plotted and fourdistribution models such as log-normal, geometric, log-series and Brocken stick were fitted to each ofthese sites and then best model was selected in 0.05 level of confidence. Means comparison testshowed that richness, evenness and heterogeneity indices have significant differences (P<0.01) insites. Highest diversity is observed in the light grazing intensity site and lowest diversity is in heavygrazing intensity site. Species rank-abundance curves point out that low-abundance species are seenlower in light grazing site and its curve have gentler slope than moderate and high grazing intensitysites thus its diversity is higher. There is lowest species number in high grazing intensity site andevenness is lowest too due to its high number of rare and dominant species. Log-normal model wasfitted to light site implying on sustainable community and high grazing intensity site is fitted withgeometric model which point out on distractive communities with low diversity. Overall resultsshowed that implementing light grazing can protect species diversity and heavy intensity declinesspecies diversity that this shows the need considering of management on implementing light grazingintensity in the rangeland.
