payam ebrahimi; Ali Salajegheh; Mohsen Mohseni Saravi; Arash Malekian; Amir Sadoddin
Abstract
One of the important criteria for quality of life is the health of the watershed. Researches in this field show that in Iran, a model for assessing the health of the watershed is not prepared. So, In this study, using the statistical data of 27 years (1990-2016) 5 environmental variables in the Taleghan ...
Read More
One of the important criteria for quality of life is the health of the watershed. Researches in this field show that in Iran, a model for assessing the health of the watershed is not prepared. So, In this study, using the statistical data of 27 years (1990-2016) 5 environmental variables in the Taleghan watershed in the province of Alborz is estimated using gene expression and Bayesian network techniques. By using the gene expression programming and the Bayesian network of each variable, the years from 1991 to 2006 selected as a training data and 2006 to 2014 as test data, and from 2014 to 2016 selected as validation period (predictive accuracy). In comparison, the estimation accuracy of the gene expression and Bayesian network, the mean correlation values of 5 variables are 0.87 and 0.78, respectively. In the case of the gene expression model, the values of the coefficient of determination in the training section were: 0.87 for discharge, sediment, 0.92, precipitation, 89.9, temperature 0.91 and evaporation 0.77, and also in the Bayesian network, the values were 0.73, 0.88, 0.78, 0.71 and 0.81. The amount of gene expression scheduling will have a high power in simulating future values, given the generation of a generation of 200,000 times. The results of this study indicate that the health state of the watershed with a score of 8 in 2016 has advanced cancer status, and according to the results of the model in 2017, it can be in the recurrence of cancer.
Mozafar Ansari; Sadat Feiznia; Hassan Ahmadi; MohammadAli Fattahi Ardekani
Abstract
Soil is one of the most vital natural resources in any country. Nowadays, lands are rarely found worldwide without having severe erosion problem. Landslide is one of the soil erosion processes in which a huge volume of soil is washed away. SHETRAN Model was used in this study to assess the landslides ...
Read More
Soil is one of the most vital natural resources in any country. Nowadays, lands are rarely found worldwide without having severe erosion problem. Landslide is one of the soil erosion processes in which a huge volume of soil is washed away. SHETRAN Model was used in this study to assess the landslides being occurred in Zidasht catchment, Taleghan. At the first stage, sediment-water mixed samples were gathered at the outlet of the Catchment for calibration purpose in 2011. To run the model, regions undergoing landslide were identified using GISLIP sub-model. Secondly, after hydrological and sediment production simulations in a sub-model of SHETRAN for the region, calibration was made for spring season. After the calibration process, the model was run again, this time for the regions having landslide (for 418 spots), and in regions where landslide sediments do not pour into water courses, these regions were omitted, the final amount of sediment was calculated using SHETRAN sub-model and the results were compared with the previous studies. The results show that 19.75% of the total sediment belongs to landslides. With regard to the current sediment quantity of about 111248 kg, total sediment in landslides was estimated to be around 120668kg.
mahdieh salehi; Hossein Arzani; ِAli Tavili; Mahdi Ghorbani
Abstract
Rrecently, rangeland multiple use has been found to be one of the primary solutions to alleviate livestock grazing pressure while improving stakeholder's welfare and per capita income and sustainable management and development. Beekeeping in rangeland as a profitable approach and one of multiple use ...
Read More
Rrecently, rangeland multiple use has been found to be one of the primary solutions to alleviate livestock grazing pressure while improving stakeholder's welfare and per capita income and sustainable management and development. Beekeeping in rangeland as a profitable approach and one of multiple use components in upper Taleghan basin and Saman Orfi of Narian, Dizan and Mehran were studied. The present study was aimed to determine beekeeping suitability as well as ecological and social issues. According to permanent standards and resource sites priority for comprising of these Samans Orfi reserves 4 criteria to be considered such as vegetation,environmental, physical and social issues.These criteria are included overall 14 sub criteria. So Multi-Criteria Decision Making Methods (MCDM) has used because of problem complexity. The hierarchical formed in the 4 levels that is purpose, criteria, sub criteria and options. One of the criteria were qualitative. For accessing logical results, we benefit specialist cooperation. The results showed that social problem are more important than the other criteria in priority. Also, final results of Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP) indicated that Saman Orfi Narian, and Mehran and Dizin were fall into first to third priorities respectively.
Hanieh Safari; Hossein Arzani; Ali Tavili
Abstract
Overgrazing and inappropriate use of Taleghan rangelands has led to poor and very poor condition for almost all vegetation types. Taking the importance of rangelands in forage production and other benefits into consideration, management of these rangelands and improving their condition seems essential. ...
Read More
Overgrazing and inappropriate use of Taleghan rangelands has led to poor and very poor condition for almost all vegetation types. Taking the importance of rangelands in forage production and other benefits into consideration, management of these rangelands and improving their condition seems essential. The present research was conducted using data integration of vegetation, condition, slope, soil, precipitation, etc. in a Geographic Information System (GIS) environment. Our study area was located in 50˚, 36َ, 43ً - 50˚, 53َ, 23ً longitude and 36˚, 5َ, 19 ً - 36˚, 19َ, 19ً latitude in the middle area of Taleghan watershed with the area of 37977 hectares. According to the results, improving methods and reforming activities could be suggested including prevention of livestock grazing (enclosure), sowing, inter seeding, broad casting and hoe sowing in areas which have poor and very poor condition (in 6621.325, 1274.381, 694.561, 1215.254 and 2368.101 hectares (areas), respectively). Such activities may improve livestock grazing management as well as watershed conditions, wildlife habitat or other similar purposes.
Amin Zoratipour
Abstract
Abstract
Estimation of fine suspended load rivers is important in designing reserves, transition volume ofsediment, and estimating lake pollution. Thus, some methods are needed for determining damagescaused by sedimentations in environment and determining its effects on the watersheds. There aremany ...
Read More
Abstract
Estimation of fine suspended load rivers is important in designing reserves, transition volume ofsediment, and estimating lake pollution. Thus, some methods are needed for determining damagescaused by sedimentations in environment and determining its effects on the watersheds. There aremany methods for estimating suspended load, one of these methods that solves the problems ofsediment discharge and can predict it is using Neuro fuzzy or ANFIS (Adaptive Network FuzzyInference System), and ANN (Artificial Neural Network) methods. These make a function betweensediment and simultaneous discharge by use of different algorithms. The goal of this research iscomparing the effectiveness of Neuro fuzzy, neural network artificial and statistical methods forestimating suspended load river in Glinak station of Taleghan Basin. It was found out thatsuspended load estimations of Nero fuzzy method with MAE 1006 ton/day, and correlationefficiency (R) 77%, RMSE 2621 ton/day and Nash-Sutcliff error (NS) 0.51 is better than NeuralNetwork Artificial and Statistical methods and Artificial Neural Network method rather thanStatistical Method are more proper. Also, contracting both neural networks artificial to fuzzy lawscan be illustrated better than other methods, variation of sediment Load River. One more merit ofthis method is that it is not sensitive to few errors in early statistical data and this fact enables betterestimation of neural network model in comparison with statistical model. Finally, Neuro fuzzymethod works better as the percent of train data to test data increases.
Elham Meshkati; Hassan Ahmadi; Aliakbar Nazari Samani; M.H Davoodi
Abstract
Landslide occurs inevitably and naturally in many slopes due to sensitive formations, moisture, andother factors. Taleghan watershed is prone to landslide due to the presence of huge Miocene marlmasses. After construction of Taleghan reservoir dam, moisture and ecological condition of theregion changed. ...
Read More
Landslide occurs inevitably and naturally in many slopes due to sensitive formations, moisture, andother factors. Taleghan watershed is prone to landslide due to the presence of huge Miocene marlmasses. After construction of Taleghan reservoir dam, moisture and ecological condition of theregion changed. In this paper, factors impacting upon landslide hazard (slope, aspect, hypsometry,geology, land use, distance to road, distance to lake) were studied and their role and importance onthis phenomenon were verified in a large (maximum distance of 1500 meter from lake) and a small(maximum distance of 450 meter from lake) spatial scale. Thus, GIS maps of the above mentionedparameters were provided using satellite and aerial images and field activities. All maps werecrossed with a resolution of 100m*100m. It was found out that the distance to the lake didn’tinfluence upon landslide in a large spatial scale but it falls effective as the distance to the lakereduces. In fact lake has a local effect and mostly influences at maximum 200 meter distance.
Mehdi Vatakhah; Mohsen Mohsenisaravi; Hasan Ahmadi
Abstract
Land use optimization is one of the suitable methods for soil conservation. The present research with objective of land use optimization for soil erosion minimization and pure income maximization was conducted in the part of Taleghan Watershed which comprises 80427.23 ha in area. To achieve this propose, ...
Read More
Land use optimization is one of the suitable methods for soil conservation. The present research with objective of land use optimization for soil erosion minimization and pure income maximization was conducted in the part of Taleghan Watershed which comprises 80427.23 ha in area. To achieve this propose, area, erosion rate and net income value of each land uses according to requiring standards of each land uses area was extracted. Then, limitations and two objective functions were determined and optimization problem was solved by using ADBASE software. The results revealed that the optimization decrease 6.99 percent of erosion rate(6.28 ton/ha/year to 5.84 ton/ha/year) and 4.65 percent of pure income(118174.38 to 112681.02 million Rials). Also, the results proposed that drylands farming are changed to garden and orchard and rangelands.
Aliakbar Nazari Samani; Hesam Heravi; Mehdi Panahi; Masoud Jafari Shalamzari
Abstract
Natural landscape alternation is a problem that has been under debate for a long time. Landutilization techniques like agriculture, forest and rangelands, residential and urban are amonginfluential criteria affecting erosion severity and sediment yield in a given region. In this respect,land management ...
Read More
Natural landscape alternation is a problem that has been under debate for a long time. Landutilization techniques like agriculture, forest and rangelands, residential and urban are amonginfluential criteria affecting erosion severity and sediment yield in a given region. In this respect,land management is a promising option to mitigate it. Thus, acquaintance with quantitative soilerosion owing to land-use changes is of great importance for estimating disadvantages andlatent and intangible symptoms of erosion. Strategic planning for sustainable developmentcould be benefited from such knowledge. The current research considered a statistical periodfrom 1970 to 2004. This period was sub-divided into two separate periods from 1970 to 1987and from 1987 to 2004. During these periods, statistics relating to sedimentation, climatology(precipitation) and hydrology were analyzed. Results revealed that the sediment reduction inthese two periods under similar rainfall would be as a result of an increase in abandoned areas.
Maryam Khosravi; Ali Salajegheh; Mohammad Mahdavi; Mohsen Mohseni Saravi
Abstract
It is necessary to use empirical models for estimating of instantaneous peak discharge because of deficit of gauging stations in the country. Hence, at present study, two models including Artificial Neural Networks and nonlinear multivariate regression were used to predict peak discharge in Taleghan ...
Read More
It is necessary to use empirical models for estimating of instantaneous peak discharge because of deficit of gauging stations in the country. Hence, at present study, two models including Artificial Neural Networks and nonlinear multivariate regression were used to predict peak discharge in Taleghan watershed. Maximum daily mean discharge and corresponding daily rainfall, one day antecedent and five days antecedent rainfall, sum of five days antecedent rainfall and monthly mean temperature were extracted in Gatehdeh, Mehran, Alizan, Joestan and Gelinak hydrological units and entered into neural network model (from upstream to downstream, respectively). The feed forward network was used with one hidden layer and back-propagation algorithm. Then, the models were trained, validated and tested in three stages. The observed and estimated peak discharges of the models were compared based on RMSE and r. The results showed that neural network has better performance than nonlinear multivariate regression.
S. H. Hosseini; S. Feiznia; H. R. Peyrovan; Gh. R. Zehtabian
Volume 62, Issue 2 , October 2009, , Pages 215-228
Abstract
In Iran, fine grained formations (Neogene's units) are very susceptible to erosion. Also, they are the units producing runoff and causing soil loss in watersheds. The objectives of this study is to assess the effect of physical - chemical and mechanical properties of these formations on sediment and ...
Read More
In Iran, fine grained formations (Neogene's units) are very susceptible to erosion. Also, they are the units producing runoff and causing soil loss in watersheds. The objectives of this study is to assess the effect of physical - chemical and mechanical properties of these formations on sediment and runoff rates at different rainfall intensities, based on using field simulator in Taleghan Basin. For this purpose, Neogene's units were separated into five sub-units including Halite siltstone (NgSiH), Siltstone (NgSi), Mudstone (gy1C), Gypsum mudstone (gy1CG) and Halite clay stone (gy2CH), based on physical and chemical properties. Then, runoff and sediment rates were determined in each sub-units at two different intensities (30 and 60 mm/h) using rainfall simulator. Analysis of variance and Duncan's tests showed that NgSiH sub-unit has produced the highest amount of runoff and sediment rates and then the runoff and sediment rates of other subunits in decreasing order are as follows: NgSi, gy2CH, gy1CG and gy1C are 5% significant level. The trend of induced runoff and sediment rates at different times showed that in NgSiH and NgSi sub-units, runoff amounts were fixed rapidly at second ten minutes. Also, on the other sub-units, runoff amounts were fixed at third ten minutes but sediment yield was increased rapidly at third ten minutes.
