نشریه علمی - پژوهشی مرتع و آبخیزداری

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 دانشجوی دکتری آبخیزداری دانشکدة منابع طبیعی، دانشگاه تهران

2 استاد دانشکدة منابع طبیعی، دانشگاه تهران

3 استاد گروه آبخیزداری، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، واحد علوم و تحقیقات تهران

4 عضو هیئت‌علمی مرکز تحقیقات کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی استان کهگیلویه و بویراحمد

چکیده

 
 
ارزیابی تغییرات منابع خاکی و آبی ناشی از اجرای عملیات پخش سیلاب برای تعیین برآیند مثبت یا منفی اثرگذاری آن امری ضروری است. مهم‌ترین مؤلفة تأثیرگذار در عملکرد سیستم‏های پخش سیلاب میزان رسوب ورودی به کانال‏های آب‌رسان گسترشی و نهشته‌شدن آن در سطح و تجمع در عمق عرصة پخش است که می‏تواند خصوصیات فیزیکی و شیمیایی عرصه را تغییر دهد. در واقع، با مشخص‌کردن عمق نفوذ رسوبات، به عمق تأثیرگذاری پخش سیلاب بر ویژگی‏های خاک خواهیم رسید. به منظور تعیین اثر گسترش سیل بر میزان نفوذ رسوب به عمق عرصة پخش سیلاب گچساران از اعماق 0 ـ 15، 15 ـ 30، 30 ـ 45، و ۴۵ ـ ۶۰ سانتی‏متری از سطح خاک عرصه‏های پخش و شاهد نمونه‏برداری شد. کلیة نمونه‏ها با استفاده از روش الک خشک و هیدرومتری دانه‏بندی شد. درصد دانه‏های رسوب با اندازة کمتر از دو میلی‌متر با آزمون دانکن و t مستقل برای 80 نمونة برداشت‌شده از نظر آماری بررسی شد. نتایج نشان داد ورود رسوبات به صورت عمقی در پروفیل‏های حفرشده تا عمق سوم به طور مؤثر و کاملاً مشخص نمایان است و می‏تواند در خصوصیات فیزیکی و شیمیایی خاک تأثیرگذار باشد و از این عمق به بعد تأثیر پخش سیلاب ناچیز می‏شود. مهم‌ترین ویژگی‌ای که از سطح به عمق نوارهای پخش تغییر خواهد کرد نفوذپذیری هر یک از لایه‏های مورد مطالعه است؛ به طوری که با افزایش ذرات ریز نفوذی در عمق و مسدودشدن خلل و فرج لایه‏های خاک به اصطلاح کور می‌شود و نفوذپذیری به شدت کاهش می‏یابد؛ این حالت در سطح نوارهای پخش چشمگیرتر است و حتی پس از نهشته‌شدن رسوبات در سطح (عمق 0 ـ 15 سانتی‏متری) لایه‏ای سله‌بسته و سفالی ایجاد می‌شود و از نفوذ ذرات و حتی آب به عمق جلوگیری می‏کند. با تعیین میزان رسوب نهشته‌شده در سطح نوارهای پخش و همچنین میزان نفوذ عمقی آن می‏توان برای بهبود کارایی و نگه‌داری آسان‏تر سیستم‏های پخش سیلاب یا حتی عدم استفاده از این روش به صورت عملی و مؤثر تصمیم‏گیری کرد.

کلیدواژه‌ها

عنوان مقاله [English]

Determination of deep infiltrate level of sediment in floodwater spreading fields (Case study: Gachsaran station)

نویسندگان [English]

  • mohsen padyab 1
  • Sadat Feiznia 2
  • Hasan Ahmadi 3
  • Ardeshir Shafei 4

1 1 PhD Student in Watershed Management, Faculty of Natural Resources, University of Tehran, Karaj, I.R. Iran

2 Professor, Faculty of Natural Resources, University of Tehran, Karaj, I.R. Iran

3 Professor, Department of Watershed Management, Islamic Azad University, Tehran Science and Research Branch, I.R. Iran

4 Research Instructor, Research Centre for Agricultural and Natural Resources, Kohgiloye and Boyerahmad, Iran.

چکیده [English]

Evaluation of changes present in soil and water resources due to operation implement of floodwater spreading is necessary to assess their positive or negative resultant effect. Rate of the internal sediment to diversion spreader channels, surface sedimentation and aggregation of the spreading field depth are most important effective attributes on the yield of floodwater spreading systems. These factors can change physical and chemical properties of studied field, as, by measuring of the infiltrate depth sedimentation of can achieve influencing depth of floodwater. To determine the effect of flooding spread on the sediment infiltrate rate in the field depth of Gachsaran floodwater spreading, from 0-15, 30-15, 30-45 and 45-60cm of the soil surface of spreading field and control were sampled. Granulometry of all samples was done using dry sieve and hydrometric analysis and then percent of the sediment grains with size of less than two millimeters were subjected to analysis of variance (ANOVA) by Duncan t-student test for 80 sampled samples. Results showed that deep entering of the sediments into drilled profiles to 30-45cm was completely distinct which can affect on the soil physical and mechanical properties. However, after the 30-45cm depth, the impact of floodwater spreading was minimal. The infiltration of each studied layer is the most important feature which will change from surface to the depth of spreading belts, so that by increasing infiltrated fine particles in the depth and blocking pores, the soil layers are clogged and in result reduce the infiltration rate, sharply. This state was more remarkable in the spreader belts surface. Furthermore, by depositing the sediments in the surface (0-15cm depth), an impermeable and earthen layer is created which prevent from infiltrate the particles and even water into soil depth. Generally, with determine of the deposited sediment level in the spreading belts and also its deep infiltrate rate can provide effective and practical decision to improve efficiency and easy maintenance of the floodwater spreading systems or even not use this method.
 
 
 

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Floodwater spreading
  • Sediment infiltrate
  • Infiltration
  • Granulometry
  • Gachsaran
 

 

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