Zahra Khosravani; Mohammad Akhavan Ghalibaf; Maryam Dehghani; Vali Derhami; Mustafa Bolca
Abstract
The aim of this study was to model the subsidence of Abarkouh plain using inSAR and artificial intelligence techniques. At first, the subsidence map was prepared using the 46 Sentinel - 1 radar images (2014 – 2018) and radar interferometry techniques. Then, the Feedforward artificial neural network ...
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The aim of this study was to model the subsidence of Abarkouh plain using inSAR and artificial intelligence techniques. At first, the subsidence map was prepared using the 46 Sentinel - 1 radar images (2014 – 2018) and radar interferometry techniques. Then, the Feedforward artificial neural network (ANN) algorithm was used to model the subsidence. In this algorithm, groundwater level changes (2014-2018), groundwater level, aquifer thickness, clay thickness in the aquifer and the clay thickness in the range of groundwater level changes (2014 - 2018) were introduced as input layers and the subsidence layer obtained from the radar interferometry method was introduced as an output layer to model training. These five parameters were obtained from the measured data set of 34 piezometer wells and 77 logs available in the archive of Regional Water Company of Yazd province. After initial checking of the data accuracy, the Kriging interpolation method was used to extend the five parameters to the whole region and the raster layers were prepared. The results of inSAR showed that maximum subsidence in parts of the studied area, i.e. in east, north - east and north, were 6, 2.7 and 1.6 cm/year respectively. Also, in order to verify the accuracy of the map resulting from using a neural network model, it was compared with the map with the radar imaging method. For this purpose, model evaluation criteria such as Nash-Sutcliffe (NS), RMSE,,MAE)and MARE were used, which 0.9524, 0.0018, 0.0012 and 0.1545 were obtained respectively.
Hamed Eskandari Damaneh; Gholamreza Zehtabian; Hassan Khosravi; Hossein Azarnivand; Aliakbar Barati
Abstract
The present research aims to assess climate change in the Minab plain and its effect on groundwater level variability in the future period. Climate change was explored by the climatic model CanESM2 using the SDSM4.2 software package, and the effect of climate change on groundwater resources was quantitatively ...
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The present research aims to assess climate change in the Minab plain and its effect on groundwater level variability in the future period. Climate change was explored by the climatic model CanESM2 using the SDSM4.2 software package, and the effect of climate change on groundwater resources was quantitatively modeled in the GMS10.0.5 software package under the emission scenarios of RCP2.6, RCP4.5, and RCP8.5. The results for the effect of climate change in the future period in the context of these scenarios showed that temperature will increase by 1.88ºC, 2.60ºC, and 4.28ºC and precipitation will decrease by 34.19%, 42.08%, and 59.43% versus the reference year, respectively. The results for the application of the climatic scenarios using the groundwater model revealed that due to the decline of precipitation in this period, mean groundwater level balance in the future periods leading to 2019, 2024, 2029, and 2035 versus the reference year (2003-2004) will be -13.99, -19.003, -22.70, and -25.61 m/yr in RCP2.6, -13.99, -18.95, -22.75, and -24.73 m/yr in RCP4.5, and -14.23, -19.22, -22.003, and -25.46 m/yr in RCP8.5, respectively. This shows that the drawdown will be being aggravated over time. Finally, this decline of precipitation and rise in temperature due to climate change and the subsequent increase in water abstraction for different uses will result in the growing depletion of the groundwater tables in Minab. So, it is recommended to planners and authorities to adopt strategies for adaptation to new climatic conditions and water scarcity and accommodate themselves with future conditions.
Bahareh Jebalbarezi; Gholamreza Zehtabian; ِAli Tavili; Hassan Khosravi
Abstract
Investigation of the effect of plant community on limited water resources of deserts is an important issue in water resources management. Different species of Haloxylon are compatible with desert condition and can use groundwater resources due to deep roots and proper structural condition. The purpose ...
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Investigation of the effect of plant community on limited water resources of deserts is an important issue in water resources management. Different species of Haloxylon are compatible with desert condition and can use groundwater resources due to deep roots and proper structural condition. The purpose of this study was investigation of the effect of Haloxylon planted forests on groundwater resources in Jafarieh plain. For doing the study, at first the number of Haloxylon plants was determined in these forests using satellite images and JMicroVision software. Then using minimum water requirement of each plant, estimated with lysimeter, the number of surplus plants was determined based on their water requirement and rainfall of the region. Then groundwater level status was determined using GMS 8.3 software and MODFLOW model. The results showed that the number of Haloxylon plants in the study area was equal to 3746291 and the amount of groundwater evacuation by these plants was equal to 56.194 Mm3. The reduction of groundwater table was about 0.46 meter in the first study period (1992-2001) and 0.93 meter in the second study period (2002-2012) so that the reduction of groundwater level in the second study period was about 2 times bigger than the first study. This results showed that severe reduction of groundwater table has happened in recent decade because of planting Haloxylon. However the positive effects of these forests on reducing damages of dust storms should not be ignored.
Hamed Eskandari Damaneh; Gholamreza Zehtabian; Ali Salajegheh; Mehdi Ghorbani; Hassan Khosravi
Abstract
In this study, the effect of land use changes on groundwater resources as well as monitoring of spatial and temporal changes of groundwater quantitative and qualitative parameters were assessed in west basin of Jazmoryan Wetland. Landsat satellite images of TM 2002 and OLI 2015 sensors by applying of ...
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In this study, the effect of land use changes on groundwater resources as well as monitoring of spatial and temporal changes of groundwater quantitative and qualitative parameters were assessed in west basin of Jazmoryan Wetland. Landsat satellite images of TM 2002 and OLI 2015 sensors by applying of Maximum Likelihood Method were used to investigate land use changes trend. Also, information related to wells in years of 2002 to 2015 was used to assess groundwater quantitative and qualitative parameters. To do this, zoning maps of spatial and temporal changes of groundwater quantitative and qualitative parameters were prepared using the best interpolation method in ArcGIS software. The results related to evaluation of the best interpolation method showed that Kriging method had the least error. According to the results of this study, the area of agricultural and urban land uses has been increased, while the area of ephemeral stream, dam, rangelands, bare and mountain land uses has been decreased in 1394 compared to 1381.These changes indicate the increased degradation as well as unstable conditions of the region that adversely affect groundwater resources. As a result of these changes, groundwater quality in southern parts of the study area has been declined. Among the factor causing this declined groundwater quality are construction of Jiroft dam on Halil-rood permanent river, lack of water right and expanded urban and agricultural lands which have caused decrease in groundwater quality over time.
TAYYEBEH MESBAHZADEH; farshad soleimani sardou
Abstract
Due to incorrect policies in the water resources sector and excessive withdrawal of groundwater resources, water quality in most plains of the country has decreased. Therefore, the quality of water for drinking and agriculture is important in qualitative terms.With this aim in this study, the desertification ...
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Due to incorrect policies in the water resources sector and excessive withdrawal of groundwater resources, water quality in most plains of the country has decreased. Therefore, the quality of water for drinking and agriculture is important in qualitative terms.With this aim in this study, the desertification changes in Khash plain were studied using two criteria of groundwater and vegetation. Shooler and Wilcox diagrams were drawn up for AquaChem software for the years of 2001, 2008 and 2015. Also, spatial variations were made on Arctic plain surface using Arc GIS software and vegetation changes trend were also done using MOD13A2 sensor images and remote sensing techniques. The results showed that the number of wells that have an unpredictable TDS in the years 2008 and 2015 compared to 2001 have been increased by comparing the Schuler diagram. However, the level of lands with good drinking status decreased during the years 1387 and 1394 compared to 1380 and was increased by the level of acceptable drinking water. According to Wilcox's diagram, the result is that most wells are salty to very salty and their use is harmful to agriculture or requires measures. The results of the vegetation change trend also indicated that the trend is to reduce vegetation and the average level of the NDVI index decreases with the passage of time.
Omid Rahmati; Aliakbar Nazari Samani; Mohammad Mahdavi
Abstract
Determination of groundwater potential in respect to increasing trend of water demand in Iran, is found to be an unavoidable and vital subject. The present research was aimed to assess the efficiency analytical hierarchical process (AHP) to identify potential groundwater zones. Initially, five parameters ...
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Determination of groundwater potential in respect to increasing trend of water demand in Iran, is found to be an unavoidable and vital subject. The present research was aimed to assess the efficiency analytical hierarchical process (AHP) to identify potential groundwater zones. Initially, five parameters (viz., lithology, annual rainfall, drainage density, lineament density and land slope) were used in Ghorveh-Dehgalan plain. Influencing groundwater potential were selected. A questionnaire was prepared to collect ten experts attitudes to paired comparison of such parameters. The normalized weights of criteria/parameters were determined based on Saaty’s 9 point scale and its importance in specifying groundwater potential zones using analytical hierarchy process (AHP) and eigenvector method. To prepare lineament distribution maps, ETM+ Landsat images and PCI Geomatica were applied. Finally, the set of criteria were integrated by weighted linear combination method using ArcGIS 9.3 software to generate groundwater potential prediction map. The pumping test results collected and overlaid with groundwater potential prediction map. The validation of the groundwater potential prediction map was conducted based on frequency ratio and results of pumping 20 wells in study area. Results from comparing predicted potential of groundwater and by the groundwater specific capacity (SPC) showed 85% accuracy. It was established in the study that the AHP technique is promising of make accurate and reliable prediction, specifically in no-data aquifers.
hamid hosseyni marandi; mohammad mahdavi; hasan ahmadi; baharak motamed vaziri; abdolali adelpour
Abstract
Abstract Common causes for groundwater quantity and quality changes are infiltration through the seasonal floodwater, effects of the artificial recharge projects and adjacent aquifers, and groundwater extraction for deferent uses. However, recognizing the impact of their contributions to these changes ...
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Abstract Common causes for groundwater quantity and quality changes are infiltration through the seasonal floodwater, effects of the artificial recharge projects and adjacent aquifers, and groundwater extraction for deferent uses. However, recognizing the impact of their contributions to these changes can be often challenging. Still, to understand the changes, monitoring groundwater level and several chemical factors are taken into consideration. Certain problems of course can complicate the analysis of the observations; for instance, insufficient data and manually prepared and measurement intervals can degrade the accuracy of such observations. In this paper, device-measured daily time series of Electrical Conductivity (EC), Temperature (T) and Groundwater Head (GH) are analyzed. The main purpose is to evaluate the groundwater changes and its relation to the processes on the aquifer surface in an arid region. Two wells (PZ2 and W20) with 1,200m distance from each other selected and installed a sensitive device for recording the groundwater level, temperature and salinity fluctuations. Time series of changes from December 2012 to July 2013, were analyzed. Groundwater head in PZ2 showed a decline but in W20 showed a minor rise. Salinity variations were different and were 15.3mS/cm in PZ2 and 1.7mS/cm in W20. The backdrop of increased salinity in the surface layers of groundwater in PZ2 identified and showing a correlation between groundwater head and salinity fluctuation with 83.5% R squire.
Abbas Alipour; Jaber Rahimi; Ali Azarnivand
Abstract
Groundwater resources play central role in meeting domestic and agricultural demands of residents in arid regions. Owing to rapid urbanization, water use and land use has changed considerably. Overexploitation of wells posed a huge burden on available water resources. Degradation of water resources along ...
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Groundwater resources play central role in meeting domestic and agricultural demands of residents in arid regions. Owing to rapid urbanization, water use and land use has changed considerably. Overexploitation of wells posed a huge burden on available water resources. Degradation of water resources along with an increase of salinity has adversely affected water resources. Hence, current paper focuses on determination of water quality of the wells of nine provinces of Iran which are influenced by water shortage. In this regard, WQI is a suitable index for analyisis and classification of data. To provide a holistic influence from individual water quality parameters on total water quality, water quality index (WQI) is employed. In other words, WQI is average weight of multiple parameters. Apart from WQI which has been used for drinking purposes, Wilcox has been used for agricultural water quality analysis. After identification of water quality conditions, sustainable settlement of population should be considered. Environmental planning and management, policy making, obtaining conclusive strategies and land use planning should be taken into account after providing water quality maps. Generation of water quality maps is an effective step for optimal operation of groundwater resources as well as for decision making. In present study, most of aquifers have been identified of low water quality (WQI=200-300).
Farshad Soleimani; Naser Brumand; ali azareh
Abstract
In recent decades, increasing population growth and development of agriculture have increased groundwater consumption and decreased the quality of groundwater resources of most parts of the country. Given the importance of this issue, present study investigates the spatial and temporal changes in parameters ...
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In recent decades, increasing population growth and development of agriculture have increased groundwater consumption and decreased the quality of groundwater resources of most parts of the country. Given the importance of this issue, present study investigates the spatial and temporal changes in parameters of calcium, magnesium, pH, chloride, sodium sulfate and water in Jiroft plain. The data was obtained from 40 wells in the region of Kerman province over which in 2002-2012 water harvesting and qualitative analysis had been done. In this regard, after normalizing the data, the accuracy of different geo-statistical methods including the Kriging and inverse distance weighted were evaluated and then the map of the spatial zoning was prepared in the software quality parameters ArcGIS9.3 using the best method of interpolation. The results showed that the amount of pH, Sodium, Chlorine, and Sulfate increased but the amount of calcium and magnesium declined. But in general, in 2012the quality of groundwater resources of Jiroft plain decreased compared to 2002 and the trend of changes showed water quality reduces toward the South and West.
Rasool Ghobadian; Zeynab Bahrami
Abstract
Increased exploitation of groundwater besides recent periods of drought caused a negative balance in Khezel aquifer located in Hamedan province, Iran. From 2000 to 2010, groundwater surface drop was estimated 5.8 meters. With regard to high potential of GMS in using GIS and careful stratification of ...
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Increased exploitation of groundwater besides recent periods of drought caused a negative balance in Khezel aquifer located in Hamedan province, Iran. From 2000 to 2010, groundwater surface drop was estimated 5.8 meters. With regard to high potential of GMS in using GIS and careful stratification of the aquifer, GMS was used in present study to investigate and predict the groundwater table fluctuations in Khezel aquifer. Thus, Quantitative modeling was performed using MODFLOW model. The model was calibrated (using trial and error method) in two conditions: steady state (in september 2009) and transient state (from October 2009 to July 2010). Also, the quantitative model validated for August 2010. The impact of groundwater artificial recharge (within 31 injection wells for 5 months from October to March) was evaluated by calibrated model. Results showed maximum rise of water level was 19 cm in April. Next, in the same flow simulation stress periods, qualitative modeling was carried out by MT3DMS model. Optimum values of longitudinal dispersion and distribution coefficient were achieved by trial and error method and the qualitative model was calibrated. Statistical results of qualitative modeling are as follow: R2=0.98, slope of regresion line (y=1.0079x), mean error (ME=4.56 ppm) and RMSE=3.36%. Finally, dispersion of point source pollution (leaching pit) was investigated as a scenario. The result indicated that the radius of influence of leaching pits varies from 150 to 200 m in different areas. In continue, in the same flow simulation stress periods , qualitative modeling was carried out by MT3DMS model. Optimimum valuse of longitudinal dispersion and distribution coefficient were achived By trial and error method and the qualitative model was calibrated. Statistical results of qualitative modelling including: R2=0.98, slope of regresion line (y=1.0079x), mean erroe(ME=4.56 ppm) and RMSE=3.36%. Finally, dispersion of point source pollution (leaching pit) was investigated as a scenario. The result indicated that, the radius impact of leaching pit varying from 150 to 200 m.
