Ali Heshmatpour; Seyed Javad Sajjadi; Yusuf Mohammadian
Abstract
Low rainfall with improper temporal and spatial distribution is a significant problem in arid and semi-arid areas. Due to the lack of water resources and the increasing water demand, access to new water resources is necessary. Rainwater collection is one of the most prominent methods of rainwater exploitation ...
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Low rainfall with improper temporal and spatial distribution is a significant problem in arid and semi-arid areas. Due to the lack of water resources and the increasing water demand, access to new water resources is necessary. Rainwater collection is one of the most prominent methods of rainwater exploitation management to deal with water shortage which is developing rapidly in many areas. Considering the diversity and breadth of rainwater collection methods, serious attention should be paid in choosing the influencing factors and the type of criteria combination method. In this article, in order to determine the places prone to the construction of rain catchment surfaces for livestock drinking, first the effective factors were determined with the studies conducted and the characteristics of the area.Seven factors were considered, including slope, land use, soil depth, distance from fault and waterway, proximity to livestock farming, and prevailing wind direction.The factors were ranked using the fuzzy logic technique.This involved dividing them into nine separate parts. A geographic information system was then used to overlap these layers. The results of this overlap were classified into five classes: poor, average, relatively good, good, and very good.The rainwater collection areas for each class were 44.01, 53.94, 30.31, 30.48 and 12.51 km², respectively. Also,Based on the results of fuzzy logic, the south and southeast part of the region had the first priority for the construction of rain catchment surfaces.Therefore, it can be used to collect rainwater and store it for future use.The findings of this research work will help policy makers and decision makers to implement different rainwater collection structures in the study area to overcome water shortage problems
hosain kaffash; mostafa taleshi; hosain rahimi
Abstract
Government policies and investments that have been made in the past few decades with the aim of sustaining rural settlements have not reached desirable results, but today, most villages have adapted and adapted to environmental crises such as water crisis, adaptability and less agitation. In this research, ...
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Government policies and investments that have been made in the past few decades with the aim of sustaining rural settlements have not reached desirable results, but today, most villages have adapted and adapted to environmental crises such as water crisis, adaptability and less agitation. In this research, policy and government investments in arid areas have been investigated and by means of quantitative and quantitative analysis, the effect of the above measures on reducing the water crisis is explained. The research is a descriptive and inferential goal from a strategic point of view, from surveying strategy, from the point of view of the causal nature and from the point of view of the method of collecting field data and documentation. The statistical population is 4626 rural households. The sample size with the Cochran formula is 354 people. In data analysis, the structural equation modeling model with partial least squares method and Smart PLS2 software were used to examine the conceptual model. The internal structure of the questionnaire and the convergent validity were determined using the results of the verifiable factor analysis and the mean of variance explained by AVE. For this purpose, standardized load factors were calculated and the AVE index was calculated for all items and variables. The test of assumptions proves that limited government actions in the past 10 years have had no effect on the reduction of the water crisis in the research area and the process of instability of rural settlements has not stopped.
Masud Nasri; Reza Modares
Abstract
Although a number of studies have been carried out around meteorological drought in Isfahan province, there is no specific study about hydrologic drought. In this study, low flows trend was analysed for the first time as the most important indicator of hydrologic drought in Isfahan province watersheds. ...
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Although a number of studies have been carried out around meteorological drought in Isfahan province, there is no specific study about hydrologic drought. In this study, low flows trend was analysed for the first time as the most important indicator of hydrologic drought in Isfahan province watersheds. Mean daily stream flow as a hydrologic indicator and 1-, 7-, 15-, 30- and 90-day low flows were estimated as hydrologic drought indicators for 22 gauging stations with at least 20 years of data record. Results of trend analysis using Mann-Kendall and Spearman correlation indicated that mean daily stream flow and low flows have negative trend at many gauging stations. Apart from GhalehShahrokh station, low flow indices in Zayandehrud dam basin have negative trend so that Eskandari station shows the highest degree of negative trend. Daily stream flow and low flows reduction especially in recent years is kind of warning for water resources management in Zayandehrud basin.
ali azarnivand; Mohammad Ebrahim Banihabib
Abstract
Owing to the oncoming needs and increasing the population of Lake Urmia Watershed, providing equilibrium between water supply and demand seems quite challenging and the Lake cannot be successful in meeting its ecological demands in this critical condition. In this unfavorable situation, water resources ...
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Owing to the oncoming needs and increasing the population of Lake Urmia Watershed, providing equilibrium between water supply and demand seems quite challenging and the Lake cannot be successful in meeting its ecological demands in this critical condition. In this unfavorable situation, water resources must be managed through a sustainable context. With this knowledge in hand, a multi attributes framework was applied to investigate the preference of supply or conservation alternatives. Preference of sustainable development attributes was calculated in a pairwise hierarchical structure and instead of time-consuming conventional procedure, Absolute Measurement was used that compares qualitative scales instead of alternatives and can overcome the problem of rank reversal in pairwise comparison. Ranks of the Alternatives were evaluated by VIKOR method which can provide a set of compromise solutions instead of one solution. Due to sensitivity analysis performance, VIKOR was introduced as a robust model in ranking the water resources alternatives. With regards to the results of this two-stage hierarchical-compromising approach, dealing with Watershed crisis is depended on organized indigenous collaboration, water use optimization and protecting available natural resources. On the other hand, supplying water by structural development without sustainability consideration would not be effective.
