Maryam Daemi; Amirreza Keshtkar; Saeed Bazgeir; Ali Afzali; Omid Kavoosi
Abstract
Hydrological drought is used to show the reduction of surface flows and the drop in the level of underground water reservoirs, lakes, and rivers. The present research was carried out to determine the basic flow index values and to check its efficiency in determining the type of flow regime and regional ...
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Hydrological drought is used to show the reduction of surface flows and the drop in the level of underground water reservoirs, lakes, and rivers. The present research was carried out to determine the basic flow index values and to check its efficiency in determining the type of flow regime and regional analysis of hydrological drought in the Halil-Rood watershed. For this purpose, three homogeneous hydrological drought zones were determined based on the threshold level and cluster analysis, and then the base flow index was calculated on a daily scale using the daily discharge data in 10 hydrometric stations in the homogeneous zones. The results showed that the regional average of the annual base flow index is 0.38 with a standard deviation of 0.193 in the long-term statistical period and the range of the base flow index is 0.12-0.29. Based on the 70th, 80th, and 90th percentiles, the river flow regime was divided into four classes, and it was found that 100% of the watershed sub-basins of the study area had an unstable regime. Also, the results of drought zoning showed that hydrological drought occurred at the threshold level of 70 in the southeast of the region in the area of the Dehroud hydrometric station and in the levels of 80 and 90 in the northwest of the region in the area of Baft and Cheshme-Arus stations. The results of the present research can be used in the assessment of underground water supply, water supply systems, irrigation management, hydrological drought monitoring, and regional models in the estimation of water resource reserves in areas without statistics.
Moslem Rostampour
Abstract
Studying biodiversity is a prerequisite for sustainable management of rangeland ecosystems. The purpose of the present study is to compare plant criteria for measuring species richness, diversity and evenness indices in terms of precision in the rangelands of Darmian-Sarabisheh Protected Area, South ...
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Studying biodiversity is a prerequisite for sustainable management of rangeland ecosystems. The purpose of the present study is to compare plant criteria for measuring species richness, diversity and evenness indices in terms of precision in the rangelands of Darmian-Sarabisheh Protected Area, South Khorasan. Absolute and relative species canopy cover (dominance), density, frequency, and abundance were measured in each plant type, and species relative importance value (IVI) was determined by different equations. Descriptive statistics were used to select the best method of calculating IVI. For this purpose, Artemisia aucheri boiss, Cousinia eryngioides boiss. and Eryngium Bungei Boiss., were present at all habitats, were selected, and statistical measures such as the standard error of the mean and coefficient variation were calculated. A one-way variance analysis test was also used to evaluate the effect of biodiversity assessment criteria on numerical indices. The results of the ANOVA showed that the effect of the criteria for calculating the numerical indices on all biodiversity indices (except the number of species) was significant (p≤0.01). The numerical value of diversity indices was different according to different criteria, so that the value calculated by canopy cover was the lowest and abundance and frequency were the highest. The IVI3 index (relative abundance+relative frequency) has the least SEM and CV (7.30 and 23.37 %), so it is more accurate. The results indicate that all biodiversity indicators based on IVI are of higher accuracy, so it is recommended to use IVI to calculate biodiversity indicators, instead of using density, cover percentage and production.
Shadi Hazhir; Reza Erfanzadeh; Hassan Ghelichnia; Bahar Razavi; Peter Torok
Abstract
This research was conducted with the aim of comparing the effect of livestock grazing on the soil seed bank and some soil characteristics in two saline and non-saline regions. For this purpose, two habitats with different degrees of salinity were selected in Golestan province, Iran. In each region, two ...
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This research was conducted with the aim of comparing the effect of livestock grazing on the soil seed bank and some soil characteristics in two saline and non-saline regions. For this purpose, two habitats with different degrees of salinity were selected in Golestan province, Iran. In each region, two sites of grazed and ungrazed (20 years) were selected and 15 plots of 1 m2 were established at each site. Soil samples were taken from inside the plots by auger at two depths of 0-5 and 5-10 cm. The harsh environmental conditions prevailing in the saline habitat caused no seeds from the soil of this saline region to germinate in the greenhouse. In the non-saline habitat, the removal of livestock grazing caused a significant increase in the density of the soil seed bank. The highest density, diversity and richness of the seed bank were respectively 1389.50 (m2), 1.24 and 5.2 in ungrazed site at the depth of 0-5 cm, and the lowest values were respectively 173.26 (m2), 29.0 and 1.46 were recorded in the grazed site at the depth of 5-10 cm. Although the soil characteristics such as organic matter and nitrogen were not significantly affected by the removal of grazing in the non-saline area, soil disturbance in the grazed site probably led to an increase in soil surface temperature and a significant increase in substrate-induced respiration and urease enzyme activity was reduced. In the saline soil, the grazing removal caused the soil characteristics to show different responses. At the ungrazed site, pH and basal respiration decreased significantly
Maedeh Omidi nowbijar; Hossein Barani; Mohammad Rahim Forouzeh; Ahmad Abedi Sarvestani
Abstract
Throughout history, humans have harnessed the healing power of plants and animals, accumulating invaluable knowledge about their therapeutic benefits. Today, the rise in side effects of modern medicine, the urgent need for new drug discovery, and the potential loss of indigenous wisdom necessitate documenting ...
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Throughout history, humans have harnessed the healing power of plants and animals, accumulating invaluable knowledge about their therapeutic benefits. Today, the rise in side effects of modern medicine, the urgent need for new drug discovery, and the potential loss of indigenous wisdom necessitate documenting this knowledge. This research aimed to record the traditional treatment practices of stockbreeders in eastern Gilan, Iran, relying on ethnographic methods like direct observation, participatory observation, and semi-structured interviews conducted in rural and nomadic communities. The results were classified into four sections: medicinal and edible plants, animal products, minerals, and other measures. Stockbreeders utilize 52 medicinal plants from 28 families, primarily for treating digestive, respiratory, infectious, kidney, heart, wound, and fracture ailments. Milk and its products are important for digestive, skin, and hair health. Minerals like mountain soil are used to treat kidney diseases and wounds. Quantitative analysis is crucial in studying traditional therapies and can lead to the discovery of new bioactive compounds for clinical trials. Documenting indigenous treatment methods and passing them on to future generations strengthens scientific knowledge, preserves our rich medical heritage, and provides a valuable source of treatment options.
Mohammad Reza Mehrpouya
Abstract
Landslides are one of the most destructive types of domain movements, and in this research, the probability of their occurrence in the Chakrod watershed of Siahkal city, Gilan province has been investigated using the TRIGRS program. This program is able to investigate areas prone to shallow landslides ...
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Landslides are one of the most destructive types of domain movements, and in this research, the probability of their occurrence in the Chakrod watershed of Siahkal city, Gilan province has been investigated using the TRIGRS program. This program is able to investigate areas prone to shallow landslides caused by rainfall and the effect of rainfall and runoff on the stability of the domain. In the present research, first, the required maps of the program, including the digital elevation model, topographic slope, surface runoff flow direction, engineering geological characteristics and soil type, soil thickness, depth of underground water level and precipitation data were prepared. Next, in the geographic information system (GIS), the maps produced in raster form have been converted into text files used in the TRIGRS program. By running the program, for each cell, the minimum stability safety factor, sliding depth and pore water pressure at that depth are calculated and presented in the form of a text file, which is again converted into a raster map using GIS software; This spatial distribution map is the minimum confidence factor and landslide potential zoning for the studied basin. The results of this research showed that this program has accurately predicted landslide prone areas after infiltration modeling and runoff routing. These areas include 1395.37 hectares equivalent to 8.9% of the area of the watershed and on parts of zone 2, consisting of soils with a lot of shale and containing a lot of clay minerals, and zone 3 including soils and sliding sediments that are on steep slopes and with The thickness of the soil is high, it is consistent.
Malihe Erfani; Tahereh Ardakani; Fatemeh Jahanishakib
Abstract
Establishing a balance between protection and utilizing ecosystem services is a primary challenge in land management. Quantifying ecosystem services and assigning them value to mitigate the impacts of human actions may offer a potential resolution. Among the ecosystem services under significant ...
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Establishing a balance between protection and utilizing ecosystem services is a primary challenge in land management. Quantifying ecosystem services and assigning them value to mitigate the impacts of human actions may offer a potential resolution. Among the ecosystem services under significant pressure from exploitation is the quality of plant habitats. This study was explored in evaluating plant habitat quality in Kerman province and focused on one of its functions, namely the cultivation of medicinal plants. The InVEST method is used for modeling, whose inputs are layers of destruction resources, land use, and tables of threat and sensitivity resources, and the plant habitat quality map as an output has values in the score ranging from 0 to 1. Valuation of the habitat service layer was also done according to the allowed harvest price of rangeland medicinal plants. The results showed that valuable habitats are mainly covered by dense grasslands. The habitat hotspots extracted by the Jenks natural breaks algorithm showed that their area was 3,358,768 hectares, which includes 37% of rangeland land and 1% of the total area of the province. Also, according to the value of Moran’s index, it has a significant clustered distribution. (z-score=1328.83, p-value=0.00). Evaluation results showed that the total value of rangeland in the province is more than 32 billion tomans, the share of low and high-density rangeland are 12053925412 and 19948204105 tomans respectively. The results of this study can be used as an effective decision-support tool for prioritizing areas for conservation and management measures in the entire province.
Parviz Alizadeh; ِAli Tavili; Mohammad Ali Zare Chahouki; Mohammad Jafari
Abstract
In this research, after making culture capsules from biodegradable mesh plates with bacterial, hydrogel and nanoclay substrates, which is from mixing bacteria, hydrogel and nanoclay and transferring the seedlings produced to the capsules as capsule culture compared to pots. Conventional nylon plants ...
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In this research, after making culture capsules from biodegradable mesh plates with bacterial, hydrogel and nanoclay substrates, which is from mixing bacteria, hydrogel and nanoclay and transferring the seedlings produced to the capsules as capsule culture compared to pots. Conventional nylon plants in conventional cultivation, which were used as controls, were carried out in the form of a completely randomized design with the two factors of cultivation type (capsule and conventional) and capsule type (hydrogel, bacteria and nanoclay) in the greenhouse of the Faculty of Natural Resources, University of Tehran. The results of this research showed the significant effect of the type of hydrogel capsule culture on all the morphological traits of the investigated plant; So that the length of the stem with an increase of 42.6%, the diameter of the collar by 14.8% and the dry biomass of the root and the aerial organs with an increase of 7.2% and 23.7%, respectively, have the highest values. They gave. In addition, regarding some physiological traits of the investigated plant, the amount of chlorophyll was also affected by the type of capsule culture and its concentration in capsule culture of hydrogel, bacteria and nanoclay showed an increase of 56.8%, 32.1% and 36.9% respectively. They gave. Also, the results of comparing the averages showed that the concentration of proline in plants grown in hydrogel capsules decreased by 33.20% compared to conventional culture. This reduction process in the soluble sugar content of plants grown in hydrogel capsules was obtained compared to the conventional culture of 20.78.
