Behnaz Asefjah; Yahya Esmaeilpour; Ommolbanin bazrafshan; Hossein Zamani
Abstract
The past decade has seen a major revolution in vegetation monitoring using satellite imagery, resulting in quantitative indicators of vegetation with a professional processor in a web-based interactive development environment. In this study, using MOD13A1 and MOD13Q1 products of Modis sensor, the trend ...
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The past decade has seen a major revolution in vegetation monitoring using satellite imagery, resulting in quantitative indicators of vegetation with a professional processor in a web-based interactive development environment. In this study, using MOD13A1 and MOD13Q1 products of Modis sensor, the trend of temporal and spatial changes of NDVI and EVI indices in Fars province in a period of 16 days from 2000 to 2020 was coded and processed monthly in Google Earth engine system. The results of this study showed that the average index of NDVI index is from minimum 0.11 to maximum 0.495 and the average index of EVI index is 0.1. According to the results obtained in this survey, in all the years from 2000 to 2020 in January, NDVI and EVI values had the highest values compared to other months, so that in January 2019 and January 2020, the highest EVI values averaged 0.22 and the NDVI values Was estimated to be 0.18. The lowest monthly average values of both indices occurred between 2000 and 2005, which indicates that the vegetation has been severely degraded during these years. The results of spatial changes using EVI index showed that the level of vegetation in Fars province in different months varied from 10,000 square kilometers to 22,000 square kilometers and from the perspective of NDVI index from 15,000 square kilometers to 30,000 square kilometers.
Javad Motamedi; Shookofeh Ebrahimi; Esmaeil Sheidai Karkaj
Abstract
Estimation of carbon storage is one of the essential requirements for evaluating rangeland ecosystem services and economic evaluation of carbon storage in rangeland plans. Plant performance in carbon storage is a function of plant characteristics, environmental and management factors. Therefore, the ...
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Estimation of carbon storage is one of the essential requirements for evaluating rangeland ecosystem services and economic evaluation of carbon storage in rangeland plans. Plant performance in carbon storage is a function of plant characteristics, environmental and management factors. Therefore, the relationship of annual carbon storage of Astragalus brachyanus with plant traits, habitat characteristics and range management in the mountainous rangelands of Rajan was investigated. The five sites in which the species were distributed and differed in physical characteristics were selected and coded based on the type of management (exclosure or exclosure; intensity of grazing, medium and low grazing) and geographical direction. At each site, vegetation was measured within 30 two-by-two-square-meter plots, located 10 m apart along six 50 m transects. At each location, 15 A. brachyanus plant stands with different dimensions were selected and measured while measuring their appearance characteristics, and their current year growth was cut to estimate carbon storage. Samples were transferred to the laboratory to estimate the carbon conversion factor. Two composite soil samples were also taken from each site. Topographic factors (slope, geographical direction and altitude) and management (grazing in study units) were also recorded at each location. In order to investigate the relationship between annual carbon biomass storage and environmental and management , partial least squares regression was used. Based on the results, carbon storage of A. brachyanus was significantly different. Annual carbon biomass carbon storage, with crown diameter, number of base and plant height, was directly correlated with type of management (grazing intensity).
Javad Seyedmohammadi; Bahareh Delsouz Khaki; Fatemeh Ebrahimi Meymand; Zahra Mohammad Esmail; Rasoul Kharazmi; Mohsen Bagheri Bodaghabadi
Abstract
Climate has an important role in agricultural activities and can be examined from two perspectives. First, what locations are suitable for a specific plant, and second, what plants are suitable for a climate. The latter approach is less considered; thus in this study, it has been investigated by introducing ...
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Climate has an important role in agricultural activities and can be examined from two perspectives. First, what locations are suitable for a specific plant, and second, what plants are suitable for a climate. The latter approach is less considered; thus in this study, it has been investigated by introducing a standard method (Sys method). The study area is located in Mako city. Climatic suitability evaluation was performed by numerical (parametric) method using the Maku Synoptic Station data for pistachio, almond, pears, plum, sour cherry and sweet cherry. The findings showed that except for pistachio, with marginally suitable class (S3), other plants were classified as moderately suitable class (S2) but the value of climatic index for each crop was different. The introduced method made it possible to identify the most important effective climatic factors for the cultivation of each plant and determine the most limiting factor in the phenological period. Such findings showed that there is a close relationship between crops, phenological period, climatic characteristic and location. Based on this, the most suitable plant or plant species can be selected for a region, using the phenological period of the plant and climatic characteristics. However, for sustainable development, other components of the land, such as soil and/or topography, should also be evaluated. In general, the introduced approach can be used as an efficient tool, both for choosing the most suitable plants in a climate and for choosing the most suitable place (in terms of climate) for specific plants.
Zahra Khosravani; Mohammad Akhavan Ghalibaf; Maryam Dehghani; Vali Derhami; Mustafa Bolca
Abstract
The aim of this study was to model the subsidence of Abarkouh plain using inSAR and artificial intelligence techniques. At first, the subsidence map was prepared using the 46 Sentinel - 1 radar images (2014 – 2018) and radar interferometry techniques. Then, the Feedforward artificial neural network ...
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The aim of this study was to model the subsidence of Abarkouh plain using inSAR and artificial intelligence techniques. At first, the subsidence map was prepared using the 46 Sentinel - 1 radar images (2014 – 2018) and radar interferometry techniques. Then, the Feedforward artificial neural network (ANN) algorithm was used to model the subsidence. In this algorithm, groundwater level changes (2014-2018), groundwater level, aquifer thickness, clay thickness in the aquifer and the clay thickness in the range of groundwater level changes (2014 - 2018) were introduced as input layers and the subsidence layer obtained from the radar interferometry method was introduced as an output layer to model training. These five parameters were obtained from the measured data set of 34 piezometer wells and 77 logs available in the archive of Regional Water Company of Yazd province. After initial checking of the data accuracy, the Kriging interpolation method was used to extend the five parameters to the whole region and the raster layers were prepared. The results of inSAR showed that maximum subsidence in parts of the studied area, i.e. in east, north - east and north, were 6, 2.7 and 1.6 cm/year respectively. Also, in order to verify the accuracy of the map resulting from using a neural network model, it was compared with the map with the radar imaging method. For this purpose, model evaluation criteria such as Nash-Sutcliffe (NS), RMSE,,MAE)and MARE were used, which 0.9524, 0.0018, 0.0012 and 0.1545 were obtained respectively.
maasoumeh movaghari; Leila Khalasi; Amin Zoratipoor; fereshteh yazdanpanah
Abstract
This study was carried out around Zooir oil well in Khouzestan to investigate the concentration of heavy metals (Pb, Cu, Zn, Cd) in soil and two species of plants (Alhagi camelorum and Cornulaca monacantha), two directions of dominant wind and opposite direction of dominant wind and three distances from ...
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This study was carried out around Zooir oil well in Khouzestan to investigate the concentration of heavy metals (Pb, Cu, Zn, Cd) in soil and two species of plants (Alhagi camelorum and Cornulaca monacantha), two directions of dominant wind and opposite direction of dominant wind and three distances from oil well. The results showed that the concentration of lead, copper and zinc of soil in the wind direction was significantly higher than the opposite wind direction, whereas in the concentration of these elements in the plant, there was no significant effect. This is exactly opposite in the case of cadmium metal. The concentrations of the studied metals in both soil and plants collected from different distances were significantly different at 1% level. The two lead and zinc metals have significant differences in the surface and deep soils, but these were no significant for the cadmium and copper metals as well as in the soils under and between the plants. Heavy metal uptake was no significant effect in the two studied species, but this difference was significant between the shoots and roots. Cadmium and copper have the highest concentration in roots. Lead and zinc have the highest concentration in aerial parts. Evaluation of accumulation and transport factors showed that lead, zinc and cadmium in Cornulaca mocnaantha and lead and zinc in Alhagi camelorum had TF> 1 coefficients, so they could be used to refine soils polluted with these elements. BAC and BCF values for both species were less than one.
Javad Motamedi
Abstract
Access to basic and up-to-date information on rangeland ecosystems; needs continuous and long-term vegetation measurement. For this purpose, during the years 2018-2021 at a specific time, from the vegetation of plant types representing the saline habitats of Lake Urmia, including; Salicornia europaea, ...
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Access to basic and up-to-date information on rangeland ecosystems; needs continuous and long-term vegetation measurement. For this purpose, during the years 2018-2021 at a specific time, from the vegetation of plant types representing the saline habitats of Lake Urmia, including; Salicornia europaea, Halocnemum strobilaceum, Aeluropus littoralis- Aeluropus lagopoides- Salicornia europaea, Aeluropus littoralis- Aeluropus lagopoides and Atriplex verrucifera were recorded in the customary system of Osalo. In each of the plant types, considering the dimensions and space between the plant spots, four 300-meter transects with the same azimuth were used, along the salinity gradient, at a distance of 25-50 meters from each other. On each transect, 10 plots were placed at a distance of 30 meters from each other. The plotting was done in such a way that while the distances of the plots were the same, the principle of randomness was observed. Therefore, the starting points of different transects were not the same. Size of sampling units and their dimensions; due to the different distribution of vegetation, the plant types were not considered the same. Plot size for plant types Salicornia europaea, Halocnemum strobilaceum, Aeluropus littoralis- Aeluropus lagopoides- Salicornia europaea, Aeluropus littoralis- Aeluropus lagopoides and Atriplex verrucifera, respectively; 0.5, 2, 0.5, 0.25 and 2 square meters were considered. Average forage production of the study site during 1397, 1398, 1399 and 1400, respectively; 404.6, 456.6, 478.6 and 338.2 kg/ha and the average percentage of canopy cover were 48.4, 54.6, 58.8 and 41.1%. During this period,
saeed barkhori; elham rafiei sardooi; mohammadreza ramezani; ali azareh; maryam nasabpoor
Abstract
One of the most important and main components of ecosystems is net primary production, which is an important index for assessing the ecosystems performance in the face of environmental changes. To this end, with regards to the importance of the subject, in this study, to quantify the climate change impacts ...
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One of the most important and main components of ecosystems is net primary production, which is an important index for assessing the ecosystems performance in the face of environmental changes. To this end, with regards to the importance of the subject, in this study, to quantify the climate change impacts on ecosystems, NPP values in Jiroft plain was simulated in two periods (2001- 2015and 2016-2030) using the BIOME-BGC model. To assess change in climatic parameters in future, LARS-WG 6 downscaling model was used. After ensuring the capability of the LARS-WG model to create climatic data, climatic variables were simulated in 2016-2030 under the RCP 4.5 scenario. NPP values in 2001-2015 were simulated using the BIOME-BGC model and validated with NPP data derived from Modis images (MOD17A3) that the results showed high accuracy of the model to simulate NPP. After ensuring the model accuracy, NPP was simulated under precipitation and temperature data in future (2016-2030). The results indicate an increase in precipitation, minimum and maximum temperature in the future period (2016-2030) compared with the baseline period (2001-2015). Also, according to the results, NPP value in future has increased in all biomes that this increase is due to increase in precipitation. There is the highest NPP value in the northern and western parts of the region that is related to biome 4 (with agricultural vegetation), biome 5 and 2 (with rangeland vegetation), respectively, and the lowest NPP value is related to the southern parts of the study area.
Toktam Imani; Mahdi Delghandi; Samad Emamgholizadeh; Zahra Ganji Noroozi
Abstract
Flood hazard assessment is an important topic that can reduce flood-related losses. Rainfall-runoff modeling plays a key role in the management of water resources in addition to protecting from flood hazards. The use of hydrological models to simulate the runoff necessitates the proper calibration of ...
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Flood hazard assessment is an important topic that can reduce flood-related losses. Rainfall-runoff modeling plays a key role in the management of water resources in addition to protecting from flood hazards. The use of hydrological models to simulate the runoff necessitates the proper calibration of the different parameters. Therefore, In the present study, the Watershed Modeling System (WMS11.0) was evaluated to simulate peak discharge and volume of floods of Babolrood catchment. WMS model calibrated and validated using 3 and 2 rainfall events, respectively. Afterwards, design precipitation (DP) for 2, 5, 10, 25, 50, 100 and 500-year return periods was determined and flood resulting from DPs simulated. The results showed that the WMS model could accurately estimate the peak discharge (the error was about 5%) and the and flood volume (the error was less than 26%). But the model was not able to simulate properly the shape of the hydrograph. It also revealed that peak discharge and flood volume arising from 2 to 500-year return periods of rainfall vary between 50 to 300 m3/s and 6.6 to 32.4 Mm3, respectively.
mahshid souri; alireza eftekhari; Zhila Ghorbani; nadia kamali
Abstract
Soil is the most important component of rangeland ecosystems and by preserving it and its characteristics, In the present study, the amount of potassium and phosphorus in the soil of Ghoshchi rangelands of Urmia located in West Azerbaijan province from 2019 to 2021 under the influence of grazing and ...
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Soil is the most important component of rangeland ecosystems and by preserving it and its characteristics, In the present study, the amount of potassium and phosphorus in the soil of Ghoshchi rangelands of Urmia located in West Azerbaijan province from 2019 to 2021 under the influence of grazing and grazing conditions was investigated. In addition, the development and evaluation of an adaptive fuzzy-neural inference model (ANFIS) was presented in order to predict the amount of potassium and phosphorus in the soil and compare its results with the regression model. The mean squared error (RMSE) and the coefficient of explanation (R2) were used to evaluate the regression and inference models. The results of analysis of variance showed that different years and conditions under confinement and grazing had a significant effect on the amount of potassium and phosphorus in the soil, but their interaction was meaningless. The highest amount of soil potassium is related to the year 2021 and the conditions under grazing. While the highest amount of soil phosphorus was related to 2020. In the phosphorus factor modeling section, the ANFIS model with higher accuracy (R2 = 59.5) and less error (RMSE = 0.087) than the regression model (R2=0.38) with more error (RMSE = 0.089) was able to determine the amount of P to predict. Regarding potassium factor, ANFIS model with higher accuracy (R2 = 0.62 and less error (RMSE = 0.017) than regression model (R2 = 0.42) with more error (RMSE = 0.097) was able to measure soil potassium.
Saeed Pourheadari; Hassan Ahmadi; ِAbolfazl Moeini; Sadat Feiznia; Mohammad Jafari
Abstract
Due to physical and chemical composition and lack of vegetation cover and therefore less organic matter, Marlons formations are the most sensitive formations to erosion, so that by removing the particles of the soil and transporting their to the lower regions, cause different forms of erosions. Due to ...
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Due to physical and chemical composition and lack of vegetation cover and therefore less organic matter, Marlons formations are the most sensitive formations to erosion, so that by removing the particles of the soil and transporting their to the lower regions, cause different forms of erosions. Due to the physical and chemical properties of marls, the study area has caused various types of erosion in the basin and downstream urban areas has been affected followed by mudflows resulting from their erosion and sedimentation. In this research, 35 soil samples were taken from the different work units to determine the physical and chemical characteristics and also to study the soil losses using a rain simulator. Along to this, 5 samples from particular marl units of the area was taken and transferred to the laboratory for mineralogical experiments. The K method in the global erosion equation was used to evaluate the degradability of detached materials that according to this method, the highest value of k is related to forms with a coefficient of 70%, and the least of which is the surface and rainfall erosion form with a coefficient of 25%. Also, due to the fact that there were 4 units of work with attached materials, the stripy method was used to evaluate their erodibility.
Ali Azareh; Elham Rafiei Sardooi
Abstract
The purpose of this study is to investigate land use changes in the past and predict future land use using land change modeler in Halil River watershed. The detection of land use changes was performed using Landsat satellite images (L5-TM-1991, L7- ETM+-2003 and L8-OLI-2020). Transition potential modeling ...
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The purpose of this study is to investigate land use changes in the past and predict future land use using land change modeler in Halil River watershed. The detection of land use changes was performed using Landsat satellite images (L5-TM-1991, L7- ETM+-2003 and L8-OLI-2020). Transition potential modeling was done using MLP neural network method and eight variables including altitude, slope, aspect, distance to road, distance to river, distance to agricultural lands, distance to urban and Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI). Finally, the Markov chain was used to predict future land use changes. Investigating the calibration periods using kappa statistics showed that the period of 1991-2020 had the highest accuracy to predict land use for 2041. The results of land use changes indicated that during the calibration period, among the six categories namely rangeland, agricultural land, residential land, barren land, rock and orchard, the highest increase and the highest decrease in area was related to agricultural lands and rangelands by 293.7 and 382.6 km2, respectively. Also, the area of barren lands, orchard and residential lands has increased and rocky lands have remained unchanged. The degradation of rangelands has been more in line with the conversion of these lands into agricultural, orchard and residential lands. Also, the prediction of future land use map (2041) using land change modeler showed that , the area of rangelands will decrease by 201.1 km2 and the area of agricultural lands, residential lands, orchards and barren lands will increase by 158.01, 22.38, 20.2 and 0.53 km2, respectively.
Mohsen Bagheri Bodaghabadi; Naser Davatgar; Shokrollah Hajivand
Abstract
Human activities in the range of natural resources affect the sustainability or instability of ecosystems. Therefore, data interpretation and analysis related to these activities can play a pivotal role in assessing environmental issues and problems. The aim of this study was to analyze human activities ...
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Human activities in the range of natural resources affect the sustainability or instability of ecosystems. Therefore, data interpretation and analysis related to these activities can play a pivotal role in assessing environmental issues and problems. The aim of this study was to analyze human activities in the watershed to investigate the development of rainfed orchards on sloping lands and the stability or instability of related activities. For this purpose, field studies were conducted in two regions of arid (Birjand) and Mediterranean (Khalkhal) and the impact of the orchard estabilishment on the lands of these regions was analyzed. Contrary to expectations, in the arid region with about 170 mm of rainfall, the orchard estabilishment was successful and accompanied by sustainable development, and in the Mediterranean region with more than 350 mm of rainfall, this project was considered failed and unstable. One of the most important factors for the success of this project in the arid region was having indigenous knowledge in creating dams in suitable areas by collecting runoff and sediments, according to the parent materials and the resulting soil. In contrast, the lack of indigenous or formal knowledge in the Mediterranean region, followed by a lack of attention to soil constraints, some of which are affected by parent materials, is one of the main reasons for the failure of the project in this region. Based on the results, For sustainable management special attention should be paid to indigenous knowledge along with formal knowledge.
Ali Jafari; Aliakbar Nazari Samani; Fatemeh Tavakolirad
Abstract
Doing the research for monitoring, evaluating and comparing the results with the parameters of projects is essential in the most natural resources and watershed management projects. Also in flood spreading projects the measurement, processing and evaluating the obtained information seems necessary. ...
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Doing the research for monitoring, evaluating and comparing the results with the parameters of projects is essential in the most natural resources and watershed management projects. Also in flood spreading projects the measurement, processing and evaluating the obtained information seems necessary. Entrance the large amount of flood with suspended material and sedimentation, changes the soil properties gradually. In this study influence of flood spreading on soil mineralogy changes was evaluated after 10 years. In order to investigate the changes in flood spreading ditches, three rows between the spreading channels which had received the flood were chosen as the sampling sites. To investigate and identify the clay minerals of flood spreading area and compared with the control area near to flood spreading area, thirteen samples of 0-15cm soil horizon from three flood spreading rows and settling ditches were selected. The results obtained from X-ray diffraction curves showed the presence of palygorskite, Illite, chlorite, smectite and kaolinite in control area, three settling ditches and flood spreading rows. There was no difference between the types of clay minerals in control area with settling ditches and flood spreading rows but the amount of some clay minerals was different in these situations. It seems that the dry climate of region was the serious factor in no change of clay minerals. Flood spreading had little effect on types of clay minerals and just was able to change the amount of clay minerals in flood spreading rows.
jamileh salimi; Ali Salajegheh; Arash Malekian; Abdolmotalleb Rezaei
Abstract
Studying human and social dimension in the management of natural resources, including water resources has been accompanied by growth and development during past several decades. So, we require planning and policy making for the sustainable management of water resources for achieving human and ecological ...
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Studying human and social dimension in the management of natural resources, including water resources has been accompanied by growth and development during past several decades. So, we require planning and policy making for the sustainable management of water resources for achieving human and ecological sustainability of water resources. Because of human and environmental components, managing the natural resources is very difficult and complicated. For effective management of water resources, cooperation of local beneficiaries is necessary. Accordingly, the social network analysis has been noted in the analysis of local stakeholders for sustainable management of water resources. The purpose of this study is social monitoring of local water beneficiaries network in Doroodzan watershed downstream using social network analysis. This analysis is based on trust and cooperation links and using quantitative and mathematical network indicators in macro-level. Based on the results, the density of local stakeholders of water resources in the relationship of trust and participation in the village of Kuh Sabz and Kare-Tawi was 68.8% and 66.2%, 60.1% and 55%, respectively, and the rate of reciprocity in these villages is 71.1% and 60.2%, respectively. . It is necessary to amplification social capital as main source of problem solving and sustainable water management realization.
Nahid Moshtagh; Reza Jafari; Saied Soltani; Nafiseh Ramezani
Abstract
Land surface temperature (LST) is an essential parameter in ecological, hydrologic, climatic, and related studies. The objective of this study was to evaluate the performance of Artis and Sobrino algorithms for retrieving LST from 2009 Landsat TM thermal infrared band in Damaneh region of Isfahan province. ...
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Land surface temperature (LST) is an essential parameter in ecological, hydrologic, climatic, and related studies. The objective of this study was to evaluate the performance of Artis and Sobrino algorithms for retrieving LST from 2009 Landsat TM thermal infrared band in Damaneh region of Isfahan province. The accuracy of LST extracted from geometrically corrected image was then assessed against field-based LST data recorded at 10 meteorological stations using linear regression analysis. The results showed that both algorithms were able to map LST spatial distribution in the region and they were significantly correlated (R>0.97), but the Artis algorithm performed slightly better than Sobrino one. This algorithm explained up to 72% of the variation in the field measurements of LST. According to this algorithm, bare lands and highly vegetated agricultural and rangeland areas had the highest (328k0) and lowest LST (291k0) in the region, respectively. As the results indicated here the decrease in vegetation cover corresponds with increase in temperature values, therefore, remotely-sensed LST information with their extensive coverage can have a key role in ecosystem management.
Reza Siahmansour; Nadia Kamali
Abstract
Fire is the fastest cause of extensive changes in vegetation. The purpose of this research is to examine some of these changes. SO, after determining key area of four 200m transects and a distance of 100 m from each other, 10 plots 1m2 fixed on each of them, formed sample units in each field. This site ...
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Fire is the fastest cause of extensive changes in vegetation. The purpose of this research is to examine some of these changes. SO, after determining key area of four 200m transects and a distance of 100 m from each other, 10 plots 1m2 fixed on each of them, formed sample units in each field. This site burned in 2011 and 2013, in 2018 and 2019, random-systematic statistical collection was carried out in it. Results showed, in fire treatment the dominance of production and cover is with invader plants. Production of this class 52.05 and 209.1gr/m2 has been preserved in burnt area compared to control. Also, annual grasses have significant average difference in terms of production and canopy compared to other species. However, annual forbs had 1.5 times more production in fire than control. Although the amount of production in burnt area is more than control but, it doesnt mean an increase in the amount of allowable forage. The plant type in the burned fundamental change compared to the control by replacing annuals instead of permanent species. As result production, density and canopy cover of different palatability classes and growing forms also found fundamental changes. Fire is cause of changing in rangeland condition from excellent to average, the trend is positive in both treatments. The management of burnt fields is very specialized, and according to the existing conditions, it is strongly not recommended to create a fire either intentionally or accidentally in this area is vegetation zone form of Iran.
Morteza Saberi; Alireza shahriari; Marziyeh bozorgmehr
Abstract
An experiment was performed aimed to investigate the effects of priming and salinity on germination and seedling growth of Stipagrostis plumose in factorial test and completely randomized design with four replications in laboratory condition. The first factor was priming consist of salicylic acid with ...
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An experiment was performed aimed to investigate the effects of priming and salinity on germination and seedling growth of Stipagrostis plumose in factorial test and completely randomized design with four replications in laboratory condition. The first factor was priming consist of salicylic acid with three levels (100, 200 and 300 mg/l), gibberellic acid with three levels (125, 250 and 500 ppm), ascorbic acid with three levels (100, 200 and 300 mg/l), and water as control, and the second factor was salinity treatment in six levels (0, 0.2, 0.4, 0.8, 1.2, 1.6 m/l). The measurement characteristics were speed of germination, percent of germination, root length, shoot length, seedling length and seed vigor. Results indicated that salt stress had inhibitive effect on germination and early seedling growth of S. plumosa. All chemical stimulators increased the germination characteristics of this plant. Also, the interaction of the tested treatments showed that gibberellic acid 250 ppm has the highest effect on improvement of germination characteristics under all levels of salinity stress. We conclude that priming seeds by gibberllic acid can increase resistance the germination of S. plumosa in areas prone to salinity.
Ahmad Hajarian
Abstract
The purpose of this article is to investigate the obstacles and challenges of rangeland ecotourism from the perspective of experts and stakeholders using the Delphi method and confirmatory factor analysis.The present research is applied research in terms of purpose and descriptive-analytical research ...
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The purpose of this article is to investigate the obstacles and challenges of rangeland ecotourism from the perspective of experts and stakeholders using the Delphi method and confirmatory factor analysis.The present research is applied research in terms of purpose and descriptive-analytical research in nature and has a quantitative qualitative approach. The statistical population of the study consists of two groups. The first group included experts and the second group included stakeholders. The sample size for the first group was selected using snowball or chain sampling of 28 people and the second group is based on the statistics of about 1000 people in rural areas of Isfahan province, which was determined based on Cochran's formula of 276 people.Data analysis was performed using SPSS software version 23. In order to identify the existing challenges of rangeland ecotourism in rural communities of Isfahan province, Delphi technique was used. The results in the qualitative part of the research indicated that the most important challenges facing rangeland ecotourism are structural and managerial factors, policy-making, financial and economic factors, individual-personality, research and information. In the quantitative part, using confirmatory factor analysis, there are 5 factors, which are: financial and economic factors, managerial and structural factors, weakness of laws and comprehensive policy, research and information, and individual and personality factors, respectively, which is 78.73. Explains the percentage of total variance.
Haniyeh Rezaie; Sharareh Pourebrahim; Mohammad Karimadini
Abstract
Due to the ability of land use/cover changes monitoring and predicting to understand the performance and health of ecosystems, this purposed method can provide possibility of sustainable land use management and planning, especially in the rapid change areas without master/land use plan. The present study ...
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Due to the ability of land use/cover changes monitoring and predicting to understand the performance and health of ecosystems, this purposed method can provide possibility of sustainable land use management and planning, especially in the rapid change areas without master/land use plan. The present study has aimed to introduce Google Earth Engine to evaluate the pattern of land changes during 2006- 2021 and predict the pattern of future changes by using an integrated model based on Cellular automata and Markov chain using Google Earth Engine system. Three Landsat images (2006, 2014 and 2021) were classified using the support vector machine classifier method, and were simulated using the integrated model of cellular automata and Markov chain. In order to evaluate the accuracy of the predicted map of 2021, the classified map of the same year was applied. The accuracy of classified and simulated maps was Kno=0.812, Klocation=0.816, Kstandard=0.786 respectively. Evaluation of the land use/cover changes shows that between 2006 and 2035, the buildup areas will reach from 4839.01 hectares to 7199.76 hectares with increasing of 2360.75 hectares. These results indicate the necessity of land use planning principles. Simulation models can reduce the risks of long-term decision-making in land use management and Google Earth Engine can reduce the time and cost for classification and satellite image processing.
Shiva Saffarinia; Hirad Abghari; Mahdi Erfanian
Abstract
All water quality indicators have a definite answer for the water quality of the stations. The use of fuzzy inference system has eliminated the limitation of the definiteness of the answers and the lack of consideration of the parameters of water quality determination from the standards. In this paper, ...
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All water quality indicators have a definite answer for the water quality of the stations. The use of fuzzy inference system has eliminated the limitation of the definiteness of the answers and the lack of consideration of the parameters of water quality determination from the standards. In this paper, data from 1990-89 in 12 stations in the upper and lower range, Mahabad Reservoir Dam, and seven parameters of turbidity, electrical conductivity, chemical oxygen requirement, biochemical required oxygen, total hardness, ammonium and phosphate, Used. All data were received from the Regional Water Authority of West Azerbaijan Province. MATLAB software has been used to perform analyzes. The Mamdani model has been used for water quality classification and triangular membership functions for model inputs and outputs. The input membership functions are three and the output membership functions are five. From the World Health Organization standard and existing standards for the quality of surface water resources in Iran to determine the desired, acceptable and unacceptable range for input parameters as well as the operator and to define the rules of use and with the help of fuzzy inference system of water quality index (FWQI) development given. The SW9 station is the most polluted and the SW6 station is the least polluted. The results show that the fuzzy index is appropriate in estimating surface water quality in the study area.
Mohsen Sabzi nojedeh; mina amani; Mehdi Younessi Hamzekhanlu; Leila badri‎; Omid Fathizadeh; Esmaeil Sheidai Karkaj
Abstract
In recent decades, the scientific community of the world has paid particular attention to the local and indigenous knowledge of medicinal plants and ethnobotany science. The purpose of this study was to introduce the culture of traditional use of medicinal herbs in Meshginshahr city for ...
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In recent decades, the scientific community of the world has paid particular attention to the local and indigenous knowledge of medicinal plants and ethnobotany science. The purpose of this study was to introduce the culture of traditional use of medicinal herbs in Meshginshahr city for treatment of diseases. For this purpose, local names, medicinal properties, method of use and other information of medicinal species were collected at the same time. In this study information of 25 families and 55 medicinal species was recorded from the region. The Lamiaceae, Asteraceae and Fabaceae families had the highest number of plant species, respectively. The most used medicinal plants in this region were applied for treatment of different ailments including, gastrointestinal, infectious and anti-inflammatory and pain. Most herbal species were used to treat gastrointestinal diseases, which 64% of informant people reported this. Maximum number of plant species was used for treatment of gastrointestinal diseases (50%), which 64% of informants noted this subject. In the otrher hand, the least used plants species were related to fungal and parasitic diseases (8%). The most used medicinal organs were leaf, flowering shoot and flower, respectively, which most of them were used as either boiled or bloated. Various medicinal species in Meshkinshahr and the growing interest among people to use medicinal herbs, gives the promise to take an important step in order to resistive economy by developing employment projects based on the cultivation and processing of medicinal plants.
Mehrnoosh Ghadimi; Nadia Hajihasani; Arash Malekian; Ebrahim Moghimi
Abstract
Sub-basin prioritization and morphometric characterization analysis is one of the efficient and low-cost tools in identifying flood hazards. The purpose of this study is to Prioritize the flood potential of watershed sub-basins using morphometric parameters, combines of model statistical correlation ...
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Sub-basin prioritization and morphometric characterization analysis is one of the efficient and low-cost tools in identifying flood hazards. The purpose of this study is to Prioritize the flood potential of watershed sub-basins using morphometric parameters, combines of model statistical correlation and multi-criteria decision making systems. 17 morphometric parameters including slope, elevation, curvature, Ruggedness number, elongation coefficient, circularity coefficient, equivalent rectangle, drainage density, Stream Length, coefficient Permeability, concentration time, duration-intensity of precipitation, land cover, land use, geology, Bifurcation Raito, Length of overland flow were studied. the relationship between parameters and weighting results showed that in AHP in climate and Morphotopography (slope, height, curvature, number of roughness) was one of the important factors of flooding. In ANP method, slope and concentration time (0.11) duration-intensity of rainfall (0.12) has become one of the most important factors in flooding. Ranking in AHP method showed that the sub-basins of Imamzadeh Davood, Taloon and Doab to Respectively with the highest score (0.74, 0.50, 0.38) and in the ANP method with the highest score (0.97, 0.51, 0.48) in the sub-basins of Imamzadeh Davood, Talun and Sangan They are located in the first to third places and the intensity of flooding in them is higher than other sub-basins. According to the results, relationship between the equivalent rectangle (width) and the circularity showed a strong correlation between these two variables.
Parviz Gholami; Mohammad Farzam; Nateq Lashkari sanami; Lale Amouzgar
Abstract
The study of soil seed bank provides vital information for rehabilitation and restoration of rangeland ecosystem. In the arid and semi-arid environments, shrub plants may cause accumulation of seed bank under their canopy, thereby protecting them against the livestock herbivory and the other environmental ...
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The study of soil seed bank provides vital information for rehabilitation and restoration of rangeland ecosystem. In the arid and semi-arid environments, shrub plants may cause accumulation of seed bank under their canopy, thereby protecting them against the livestock herbivory and the other environmental factors. This study was conducted with objective to investigate effect of Astragalus brachycalyx on composition of soil seeds bank, in two area of enclosure and under grazing. For this purpose, sampling of soil seed bank under the canopy of this species and its open space adjacent was measured using a flexible plot along the 100 meters transect. Soils were sampled from 0-5 and 5-10 cm depths. Then seed bank composition was identified after seed germination in glasshouse. The results showed that 16 species under the canopy of Astragalus brachycalyx and 12 plant species in the open space adjacent in enclosure area and 21 species under the canopy of Astragalus brachycalyx and 11 plant species in the open space adjacent in under grazing area. In the soil seed bank of an area under the livestock grazing and understory of Astragalus brachycalyx, the species namely Silene longipetala, Mentha longifolia, Veronica anagallis-aquatica and Anthemis odontostephana had the greatest numbers of seeds respectively. The area under livestock grazing had higher density of seed bank of plants with annual and perennial life, Therophytes and Hemicryptophytes biological forms, annual and perennial vegetative forms of forbs, and palatable classes II and III in understory compared to the open space.
hamzeh saeediyan; Hamid Reza Moradi; Sadat Feiznia; nader Bahramifar
Abstract
Acidic rainfall is one of the complications of industry life that a point of view geographically in recent years spread widely and the attention of many researchers has been found. These rains have significant effects on the different ecosystems of earth. In this study, in order to investigate the sensitivity ...
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Acidic rainfall is one of the complications of industry life that a point of view geographically in recent years spread widely and the attention of many researchers has been found. These rains have significant effects on the different ecosystems of earth. In this study, in order to investigate the sensitivity of erosion and sediment yield of Gachsaran Formation to acidic rainfall and its density change, parts of the Kuhe Gach watershed area in Izeh Township are selected with the area of 1202 hectares. This investigation in order to determine productivity runoff and sediment in 8 points and with 3 replicates in Gachsaran formation in different intensities 1, 1/25 mm in min and in the intensities of distilled water and 4, 5 acidic water in four aspects of northern, southern, eastern, western with using kamphorst rain simulator was done. In order to analyze statistical was used SPSS and EXCEL packages. The highest of runoff and sediment rates in Gachsaran formation in 1, 1/25 mm in min are related to 4 acidic rainfalls. The rainfall of 5 acidic also runoff and sediment are more than the rain of distilled water. The infiltration rates in rainfall different intensities also showed a significant difference.
Milad Momtazi Burojeni; Fereydoon Sarmadian
Abstract
Soil resource management is essential to maintain community production and the environment. Soil is usually used to produce agricultural products and livestock fodder. As a result, the mapping of high-resolution digital maps is crucial for the distribution of soil and soil properties and land management. ...
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Soil resource management is essential to maintain community production and the environment. Soil is usually used to produce agricultural products and livestock fodder. As a result, the mapping of high-resolution digital maps is crucial for the distribution of soil and soil properties and land management. The decision tree model is a widely used method for predicting soil class in digital soil mapping studies. This study aimed to provide a digital soil mapping in four levels of taxonomy using a decision tree with Boost-reinforced C5.0 algorithm using satellite data and digital Elevation Model and geological maps as environmental variables in 41,000 hectares of Abyek Area. This area was identified using randomized gridding of the geographic location of 128 soil profiles and then described, sampled, and classified. In this research, using the principal component analysis method on environmental variables, 20 environmental variables were selected as the representative of stacking factors for modeling. Multiresolution Valley Flatness Index is the most important environmental variable that was selected as input for the model. The results of the overall accuracy of the integrated model for predicting taxonomic levels of the Order, Suborder, great group, and subgroup were shown to be 89%, 85%, 58%, and 58%, respectively. The study also examined the effect of the boosting technique on the tree model, which showed that all taxonomic levels were better predicted by using the boost model than when no boosting was used and boosting resulted in an increase in overall accuracy and kappa coefficient It turned out.
