نشریه علمی - پژوهشی مرتع و آبخیزداری

اثر بهره‌برداری جنگل و آشفتگی خاک بر زادآوری طبیعی در حوزه آبخیز جنگل‌های شمال ایران

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

گروه جنگلداری و اقتصاد جنگل، دانشکدۀ منابع طبیعی، دانشکدگان کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی، دانشگاه تهران، کرج، ایران

10.22059/jrwm.2026.409798.1865
چکیده
بازیابی طبیعی جنگل بعد از بهره‌برداری، از مهم‌ترین اهداف پایداری جنگل می‌باشد. تردد ماشین‌های چوبکشی با در نظر گرفتن وزن، سرعت و شدت تردد تاثیر زیادی بر زاداوری جنگل گذاشته و در اثر تغییرات صورت گرفته در فاکتورهای محیطی، شاخص‌های تنوع زیستی مانند تنوع، غنا و یکنواختی در جامعه گیاهی کف جنگل تغییراتی ایجاد می‌نمایند. این پژوهش در حوزه 45 آبخیز جنگل‌های هیرکانی انجام شده و هدف آن بررسی تاثیر عملیات چوبکشی بر تنوع و زادآوری گونه‌های درختی در میان‌مدت می‌باشد. به همین منظور 4 پارسل با سنین بهره‌برداری 7، 10، 15 و 20 سال در جنگل خیرود (پارسل‌های 316، 317، 220 و 221) انتخاب و مورد مطالعه قرار گرفتند. تاثیر مشخصه‌های فیزیکی خاک (درصد تخلخل و مقاومت به نفوذ خاک)، pH و لاشبرگ (C، N و C/N) و نور تحت سطوح مختلف تردد (دپو، زیاد، متوسط و کم) و تاثیر آنها بر شاخص‌های تنوع زیستی با استفاده از پنج سنجه دومیننس، شانون، سیمپسون، مارگالف و یکنواختی بررسی شد. نتایج نشان داد عملیات چوبکشی تاثیر مخربی بر زادآوری جنگل داشته و علاوه بر تعداد گیاهان، ترکیب گونه‌ای را نیز تغییر داده است، گونه نورپسند پلت 8 درصد افزایش و گونه سایه‌پسند راش 68 درصد کاهش را نشان می‌دهد و این امر یک زنگ خطر اکولوژیکی در جنگل‌های هیرکانی محسوب می‌شود. نتایج نشان داد شدت تردد و سن بهره‌برداری و اثر متقابل شدت تردد و سن بهره‌برداری به‌صورت معنی‌داری بر زادآوری جنگل موثر بوده و همه فاکتورهای محیطی این تحقیق، تحت تاثیر شدت تردد و سنین بهره‌برداری بوده‌اند. نتایج آنالیز چند متغیره PCA نیز نشان داد، مشخصه‌های خاک مانند مقاومت به نفوذ و شاخص‌های تنوع زیستی به‌شدت تحت تاثیر عملیات چوبکشی قرار داشته‌اند و بین خصوصیات لاشبرگ، نور و میزان تخلخل خاک به شدت همبستگی مثبت وجود دارد.

کلیدواژه‌ها


عنوان مقاله English

Effect of forest harvesting and soil disturbance on natural regeneration in the forested watershed of Hyrcanian forests

نویسندگان English

Ali Babaei Ahmadabad
Meghdad Jourgholami
Department of Forestry and Forest Economics, Faculty of Natural resources, University of Tehran, Karaj, Iran
چکیده English

Natural restoration of forest after harvesting operations is one of the most important goals in forest sustainability. Forestry machine traffic by considering weight, speed, and intensity have significant impact on forest regeneration and consequently, biodiversity indices such as dominance, and equitability in the plant communities of forest floor drastically influenced. The current study has been carried out in the watershed no. 45 in the Hyrcanian forest and aim to study the skidding operation effect on diversity and tree species regeneration over a long-term period. Hence, four compartments with time since harvest of 7, 10, 15, 20 year in the Kheyrud forest (compartments no. 316, 317, 220, and 221) were selected and sampled. Also, the effect of soil physical properties (porosity and peneteration resistance), pH, litter (C, N, N/N), and light under different traffic intensity (landing, low, medium, high), and its influence on biodiversity indexes using dominance, Shannon, Simpson, Margalef, and equitability were assessed. Results revealed that skidding operations had drastic effect on forest regeneration and change species composition as well as plants quantitate. Velvet maple as light-demanding species increased by 8 percent and shade-tolerant species such as beech diminished by 68 percentages, which can be considered as ecological alarm in the Hyrcanian forest. Results demonstrated that traffic intensity and time since harvest significantly influenced on forest regeneration, and also all on the environmental factors were influenced by these parameters. PCA analyses showed that soil properties including soil penetration resistance and biodiversity indexes significantly influenced by skidding operations. There was a positive correlation between litter properties, light and porosity.

کلیدواژه‌ها English

Watershed
skidding operation
Litter
Biodiversity indices
Multivariate analyses
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دوره 79، شماره 3
پاییز 1405
صفحه 361-381

  • تاریخ دریافت 28 دی 1404
  • تاریخ بازنگری 22 اسفند 1404
  • تاریخ پذیرش 15 فروردین 1405
  • تاریخ انتشار 09 مهر 1405