نشریه علمی - پژوهشی مرتع و آبخیزداری

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 استادیار پژوهشی، مرکز تحقیقات و آموزش کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی استان یزد، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، یزد، ایران

2 استادیار بخش تحقیقات مرتع، موسسه تحقیقات جنگلها و مراتع کشور، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، تهران، ایران

3 کارشناس ارشد بخش تحقیقات مرتع، موسسه تحقیقات جنگلها و مراتع کشور سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، تهران، ایران

چکیده

تعیین ارزش رجحانی گونه‌های مرتعی از جمله اطلاعات ضروری برای برنامه‌ریزی و مدیریت صحیح مرتع و دام است. این پژوهش به‌منظور بررسی ارزش رجحانی گونه‌های مورد چرای گوسفند در ماه­های مختلف فصل چرا و با استفاده از روش شاخص انتخاب گونه‌ها در مرتع خشکه‌رود ساوه انجام شد. داده‌های مربوط به تولید و مصرف گونه‌ها در داخل و خارج از قرق از ابتدای فصل چرا (اواسط آبان ماه) تا انتهای فصل چرا (اواسط اردیبهشت‌ماه) به مدت سه سال به‌منظور محاسبۀ شاخص انتخاب گونه جمع‌آوری شد. بر اساس نتایج به‌دست آمده بیشترین ارزش رجحانی مربوط به گونه‌های Poa sinaica (در کل ماه­های فصل چرا) و Salsola laricina(مخصوصاً در آبان و آذر) و کمترین آن مربوط به گونۀ Cousinia cylindraceae (در کل ماه­های فصل چرا و مخصوصاً در سال­های خشک) می‌باشد. کاهش بارندگی در سال 1387 باعث افزایش درصد بهره‌برداری و شاخص رجحان گونه‌های مورد مطالعه شد. بطوریکه در فروردین 1387 گونۀ درمنه با شاخص رجحان 2 جزء گونه‌های نسبتاً خوشخوراک و گونه‌های  Noaeamucronata و Stachysinflata با شاخص بالای 1/2  جزء گونه‌های کاملاً خوشخوراک مرتع به‌شمار آمد. گونۀ پرتولید Salsola laricina در آبان و آذر ماه سال­های مورد مطالعه با شاخص بالای 4/1 جزء گونه‌های نسبتاً خوشخوراک تلقی شد. این گونه منبع بسیار مهمی برای تأمین علوفه دام­های مراتع استپی در طول سال به‌خصوص از اواسط آبان تا اواسط اسفند می‌باشد که با مدیریت صحیح چرا همچون رعایت ظرفیت چرا و زمان ورود و خروج دام باید از این منبع خدادادی، حفاظت و از بهره‌برداری بیش از حد آن جلوگیری نمود.

کلیدواژه‌ها

عنوان مقاله [English]

Preference value of plant species grazed by sheep during the grazing season in Khoshkerood Saveh rangelands )Case study: cross-breed Sangsari-Afshar)

نویسندگان [English]

  • Sedigheh Zarekia 1
  • Mohammad Fayyaz 2
  • Niloofar Zare 3

1 Forest and rangeland Division, Yazd Agricultural and Natural Resources Research and Education Center, AREEO, Yazd, Iran

2 Rangeland Research Division, Research Institute of Forests and Rangelands, AREEO, Tehran, Iran

3 Rangeland Research Division, Research Institute of Forests and Rangelands, Tehran, AREEO, Iran

چکیده [English]

Defining the preference value of plant species is necessary for planning and management of livestock and rangeland. The purpose of this study was to investigate the preference value of plant species grazed by sheep during the grazing period in Khoshkeh rood Saveh Rangeland of Markazi Province using species selection index.

Production and consumption data of species in and out of the enclosure was collected over six months of grazing season for three years to calculate the species selection index. Maximum preference values for Poasinaica (in whole grazing season) and Salsolalaricina (especially November and December) and minimum preference values for Cousiniacylindracea (in whole grazing season and especially in dry years) was recorded. Reduction in rainfall in 2008 increased the percentage of utilization and preference index of species. As in April 2008, Artemisia sieberi with preference index 2 was a relatively palatable species and Noaeamucronata and Stachysinflata with preference index over 2.1 were considered quite palatable species. Salsolalaricina in November and December in all the years with preference index over 1.4 was considered as relatively palatable species.
Salsolalaricina is a critical resource for livestock of steppe rangelands throughout the year, especially from mid-November to mid-March. So that in this time, this species has higher palatability than other species accompanied and with proper grazing management should be prevented from excessive utilization.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • preference value
  • grazing behavior
  • species preference index
  • steppe
  • Khoshkrud Saveh
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