نشریه علمی - پژوهشی مرتع و آبخیزداری

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 مرکز تحقیقات بین المللی بیابان، دانشگاه تهران، کرج، ایران

2 گروه مدیریت مناطق بیابانی، مرکز تحقیقات بین المللی بیابان، دانشگاه تهران، کرج، ایران

10.22059/jrwm.2023.354591.1693

چکیده

محیط بیابانی یک محیط بادی است و باد بر آن حاکم است. پویایی فرسایش بادی هم توسط فرآیندهای طبیعی از جمله اقلیم و نوسانات آن و هم فعالیت‌های انسانی هدایت می‌شود. جداسازی علل اقلیمی و انسانی فرسایش بادی می تواند درک مکانیسم های محرک آن را بهبود بخشد. هدف پژوهش حاضر ، ارزیابی دینامیک مکانی-زمانی فرایند بادی بر اساس مرفولوژی تپه‌های ماسه‌ای و تحلیل همبستگی مکانی بین پویایی فرسایش بادی و نوسانات اقلیم است. بر اساس داده‌های هواشناسی، سنجش از دور و مشاهدات میدانی، تاثیرات نوسانات اقلیمی بر تغییرات زمانی و مکانی فرایند بادی با شاخص ایجاد و گسترش تپه‌های ماسه‌ای مورد ارزیابی قرار گرفت. داده‌های سنجش از دور MODIS برای مطالعه مرفولوژی تپه‌های ماسه‌ای مورد استفاده قرار گرفت. دما، بارندگی، سرعت باد و سایر داده‌های هواشناسی مورد استفاده در این مطالعه همگی از دو ایستگاه سینوپتیک قم و کاشان بدست آمدند. تجزیه و تحلیل کشیدگی و فرم تپه‌های ماسه‌ای ارگ مورد استناد به عنوان شاخص جهت باد نشان داد که منطقه مورد مطالعه تحت تاثیر رژیم بادهای منطقه قم ( شمال‌غرب و غرب) می‌باشد. نتایج مطالعات اقلیم نشان داد که طی 27 سال گذشته، منطقه روند افزایشی در متوسط دمایی دارد، در حالیکه در همین دوره میانگین بارندگی در منطقه کاهش یافته است. رابطه بین شرایط خشکسالی و فرایند باد نشان داد که منطقه در طی سال های 1369 تا 1395 شرایط خشکسالی شدید را بیشتر از شرایط عادی یا خشکی غیر عادی تجربه کرده است.

کلیدواژه‌ها

عنوان مقاله [English]

Evaluating the Impacts of Climate fluctuations on wind processes (Case study: Abshirin ecosystem)

نویسندگان [English]

  • Farhad Hasani Dorabad 1
  • Naser Mashhadi 1
  • AmirReza Keshtkar 2

1 International Desert Research Center (IDRC), University of Tehran, Karaj, Iran

2 International Desert Research Center (IDRC), University of Tehran, Karaj, Iran

چکیده [English]

The desert environment is aeolian, being dominated by the wind. The dynamics of wind erosion are driven by both natural processes, including climate and its fluctuations, and human activity. Separating the climatic and anthropogenic causes of wind erosion can improve the understanding of its driving mechanisms. The aim of current research is to evaluate the spatio-temporal dynamics of the aeolian process based on the sand dunes morphology and the analysis of the spatial correlation between wind erosion dynamics and climate fluctuations. Based on meteorological, remote sensing and field observations data, the impacts of climate fluctuations on the temporal and spatial changes of the aeolian process were evaluated according to the indicator of the creation and expansion of sand dunes .MODIS remote sensing data was used to study the sand dunes morphology. The temperature, precipitation, wind speed and other meteorological data used in this study were all derived from two synoptic stations of Qom and Kashan. The analysis of the elongation and form of the sand dunes as the wind direction indicator showed that the studied area is affected by the winds region of the Qom (northwest and west). The results of climate studies showed that over the last 27 years, the region has a rising temperature trend, while the average precipitation in the region has decreased in the same period. The relationship between drought conditions and aeolian process showed that the region experienced severe drought conditions more than normal or abnormally dry conditions during 1369 to 1395.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Sand dunes’ morphology
  • Climate fluctuations
  • Drought
  • Wind erosion dynamics
  • Sand dunes elongation
Alcántara Carrió, J., & Alonso Bilbao, I. (2001). Aeolian sediment availability in coastal areas defined from sedimentary parameters. Application to a case study in Fuerteventura. Scientia Marina.
Almazroui, M. (2013). Climatology and monitoring of dust and sand storms in the Arabian Peninsula. Center of Excellence for Climate Change Research (CECCR), King Abdulaziz University, Jadeh, Saudi Arabia, 1-12.
Bagnold, R. A. (2012). The physics of blown sand and desert dunes. Courier Corporation.
Bärring, L., Jönsson, P., Mattsson, J. O., & Åhman, R. (2003). Wind erosion on arable land in Scania, Sweden and the relation to the wind climate—a review. Catena52(3-4), 173-190.
Chi, W., Zhao, Y., Kuang, W., & He, H. (2019). Impacts of anthropogenic land use/cover changes on soil wind erosion in China. Science of the total environment668, 204-215.
D’Odorico, P., Bhattachan, A., Davis, K. F., Ravi, S., & Runyan, C. W. (2013). Global desertification: Drivers and feedbacks. Advances in water resources51, 326-344.
Du, H., Wang, T., & Xue, X. (2017). Potential wind erosion rate response to climate and land‐use changes in the watershed of the Ningxia–Inner Mongolia reach of the Yellow River, China, 1986–2013. Earth Surface Processes and Landforms42(13), 1923-1937.
El-Baz, F. (1986). Monitoring the sand-moving desert winds. Physics of desertification, 141-158.
Gavrilescu, M. (2021). Water, soil, and plants interactions in a threatened environment. Water13(19), 2746.
Gharib. M. Hosseini, E. (2009). Investigating Embrothermic curves in the interpretation of drought phenomenon (a case study in Semnan province, 2014). National Conference on the Watershed Management Science and Engineering of Iran (Sustainable Iran Management of Natural Disasters). (In Persian).
Ghouchizadeh, A., MOEINADDINI, M., SHAHBAZI, R., AHMADI, N., & Navour, N. M. (2018). Study of the importance of quaternary dust sources emission on Qom air quality.
Hasani Darabad, F. Mashhadi, N. (2017). The relationship between Wind-Rose and Storm-Rose with dry and wet periods of normal amberothermic curve (case study: Qom synoptic station). International Conference on Natural Resources Management in Developing Countries. https://civilica.com/doc/780619. (In Persian).
Hobbs, S. W., Paull, D. J., & Bourke, M. C. (2010). Aeolian processes and dune morphology in Gale Crater. Icarus210(1), 102-115.
IRIMO. I.R. of Iran Meteorological Organization. Meteorological Organization Report.
IRIMO. I.R. of Iran Meteorological Organization. (20154). Yearbook of the National Drought warning and monitoring Center.
Khaledi, Sh. (2005). The effect of climate on the vegetation (Qom province-central Iran). Applied Research of Geographical Sciences, 5, 127-145. (In Persian).
Kocurek, G., & Lancaster, N. (1999). Aeolian system sediment state: theory and Mojave Desert Kelso dune field example. Sedimentology46(3), 505-515.
Kusangaya, S., Warburton, M. L., Van Garderen, E. A., & Jewitt, G. P. (2014). Impacts of climate change on water resources in southern Africa: A review. Physics and Chemistry of the Earth, Parts a/b/c67, 47-54.
Lal, R. (2014). Soil conservation and ecosystem services. International Soil and Water Conservation Research2(3), 36-47.
Larney, F. J., Bullock, M. S., Janzen, H. H., Ellert, B. H., & Olson, E. C. (1998). Wind erosion effects on nutrient redistribution and soil productivity. Journal of Soil and Water Conservation53(2), 133-140.
Leh, M. D. K. (2011). Quantification of sediment sources in a mixed land use watershed: A remote sensing and modeling approach. University of Arkansas.
Maghsoudi, M. Yamani, M. Mashhadi, Taghizadeh, N., and Zahabnazouri, M. S. (2011). Identification of Sand Sources of Nogh Erg by Using of Wind Analysis and Sand Grain Morphometry Geography and Environmental Planning Journal. 43(3). (In Persian).
Mainguet, M. (1986). The wind and desertification processes in the Saharo-Sahelian and Sahelian regions. Physics of desertification, 210-240.
Mashhadi, N. (2022). The effect of the aeolian process on the natural environment of the desert (Case study: New Erg of Ab shirin). The 4th National Conference on Environmental Engineering and Management. https://civilica.com/doc/1477331.
Mashhadi, N. (2019). Land use change in sand sources as an agent on changing wind erosion process (case study: Damghan erg. Geography (Regional Planning)9(3), 61-79.
Mashhadi, N., AHMADI, H., Ekhtesasi, M. R., FEYZNIA, S., & Feghhi, G. (2007). Analysis of sand dunes to determine wind direction and detect sand source sites (case study: Khartooran Erg, Iran).
Mashhadi, N., Karimpour reihan, M. (2021). Analysis of geomorphologic- anthropogenic changes in sources of Sand and dust storms (Case study: Damghan Erg). Scientific-Research Quarterly of New Attitudes in Human Geography, 13 (1), pp. 100-111. (In Persian).
Masroor, M., Sajjad, H., Rehman, S., Singh, R., Rahaman, M. H., Sahana, M., & Avtar, R. (2022). Analysing the relationship between drought and soil erosion using vegetation health index and RUSLE models in Godavari middle sub-basin, India. Geoscience Frontiers13(2), 101312.
McKee, T. B., Doesken, N. J., & Kleist, J. (1993, January). The relationship of drought frequency and duration to time scales. In Proceedings of the 8th Conference on Applied Climatology (Vol. 17, No. 22, pp. 179-183).
Mckenna Neuman, C. (2003). Effects of temperature and humidity upon the entrainment of sedimentary particles by wind. Boundary-Layer Meteorology108, 61-89.
Miao, C. Y., Yang, L., Chen, X. H., & Gao, Y. (2012). The vegetation cover dynamics (1982–2006) in different erosion regions of the Yellow River Basin, China. Land Degradation & Development23(1), 62-71.
Nazari Samani1, A.K.  Rahdari, M.R., and Rahi, Gh.R. (2020). Assessment of Spatial variabilities of Soil Erodibility by Wind on Margial land of the Lake UrmiaDesert Management. Desert Management. 15, pp 53-72 (In Persian).
Nicholson, S. E. (2001). Climatic and environmental change in Africa during the last two centuries. Climate research17(2), 123-144.
Parviz Irannejad, under the supervision of Ali Khalili. (1995). Climatic knowledge of Iran. Agricultural research, education and promotion organization. (In Persian).
Pi, H., Sharratt, B., Feng, G., & Lei, J. (2017). Evaluation of two empirical wind erosion models in arid and semi-arid regions of China and the USA. Environmental Modelling & Software91, 28-46.
Potocki, M., & Angiel, P. (2004). Change of grain size parameters of sediments as a result of wind activity. Barchans Jarangiyn els in Gobi, Mongolia. Miscellanea Geographica11(1), 81-91.
Rezaei, M., Sameni, A., Shamsi, S. R. F., & Bartholomeus, H. (2016). Remote sensing of land use/cover changes and its effect on wind erosion potential in southern Iran. PeerJ4, e1948.
Sarre, R. D. (1988). Evaluation of aeolian sand transport equations using intertidal zone measurements, Saunton Sands, England. Sedimentology35(4), 671-679.
Sherman, D. J., & Hotta, S. H. I. N. T. A. R. O. (1990). Aeolian sediment transport: theory and measurement. Coastal Dunes: form and process17, 37.
Stewart, D. A., & Essenwanger, O. M. (1978). Frequency distribution of wind speed near the surface. Journal of Applied Meteorology (1962-1982), 1633-1642.
Tavakkoli Fard, A. Ghasemieh, H. Nazari Samani, A. A. Mashhadi, N, and Mirzavand, M. (2012). Investigation of the Role of Different Land Uses in a Sand Storm by using Wind Rose and Storm Rose (Case Study: Kashan). Quarterly Journal of Environmental Erosion Research. 2(2), 25-41 (In Persian).
Tegen, I., Lacis, A. A., & Fung, I. (1996). The influence on climate forcing of mineral aerosols from disturbed soils. Nature380(6573), 419-422.
Tsoar, H. (1984). The formation of seif dunes from barchans-a discussion. Zeitschrift fur Geomorphologie28(1), 99-103.
Visser, S. M., & Sterk, G. (2007). Nutrient dynamics—wind and water erosion at the village scale in the Sahel. Land Degradation & Development18(5), 578-588.
Zhang, H., Fan, J., Cao, W., Harris, W., Li, Y., Chi, W., & Wang, S. (2018). Response of wind erosion dynamics to climate change and human activity in Inner Mongolia, China during 1990 to 2015. Science of the Total Environment639, 1038-1050.
Zhao, C., Zhang, H., Wang, M., Jiang, H., Peng, J., & Wang, Y. (2021). Impacts of climate change on wind erosion in Southern Africa between 1991 and 2015. Land Degradation & Development32(6), 2169-2182.
Zhao, Y., Wu, J., He, C., & Ding, G. (2017). Linking wind erosion to ecosystem services in drylands: a landscape ecological approach. Landscape Ecology32, 2399-2417.
Zhenda, Z. (1984). Aeolian landforms in the Taklimakan Desert. Deserts and arid lands, 133-143.