نشریه علمی - پژوهشی مرتع و آبخیزداری

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 گروه برنامه ریزی مدیریت و HSE، دانشکده محیط زیست، دانشگاه تهران، تهران، ایران

2 گروه حکمرانی کشاورزی، آب، انرژی، دانشکده حکمرانی، دانشگاه تهران، تهران، ایران

3 گروه احیا مناطق خشک و کوهستانی، دانشکده منابع طبیعی، دانشگاه تهران، کرج، ایران

10.22059/jrwm.2025.391658.1815

چکیده

از آنجا که بخش عمده ای از منابع آب و دیگر منابع موردنیاز مردم در آبخیزهای مجاور و اراضی حومه قرار دارند اجرای برنامه‌‌های مدیریتی غالباً با منافع و تقاضاهای آبخیزنشینان تزاحم و تداخل پیدا می‌‌کند. رفع این منازعات جز از راه‌های مسالمت آمیز که دربرگیرنده حقوق طرفین و دربرگیرنده پایداری محیط‌زیست باشد امکان پذیر نیست. یکی از ابزارهای مؤثر، همکاری و مشارکت جوامع محلی و ارتقاء سرمایه اجتماعی آبخیزنشینان می‌باشد. سرمایه اجتماعی، بر اساس مشارکت افراد در فعالیت‌های جمعی و ایجاد اعتماد متقابل بین افراد، ترویج فرآیند مشارکت اجتماعی در مدیریت جامع حوزه آبخیز را فراهم می‌کند. این پژوهش با هدف سنجش و تحلیل سرمایه اجتماعی در چهار روستای شهرستان باخرز (اشتیوان، چهارطاق، شهرک شهید بهشتی و قلعه نو شاملو) قبل و بعد از اجرای طرح آبادانی و پیشرفت منظومه‌های روستایی، از رویکرد تحلیل شبکه اجتماعی (SNA) بهره جسته است. داده‌های مورد نیاز از طریق پیمایش و تکمیل پرسشنامه جمع‌آوری و با استفاده از نرم‌افزار UCINET تحلیل شده‌اند. برای اندازه‌گیری سرمایه اجتماعی، شاخص‌های کلیدی تحلیل شبکه شامل تراکم شبکه (به عنوان نشانگری از میزان ارتباطات بین اعضا)، مرکزیت (نفوذ و قدرت افراد در شبکه)، دوسویگی (به عنوان معیاری از روابط متقابل)، انتقال‌پذیری روابط (نسجام و قابلیت انتقال اطلاعات) و میانگین فاصله ژئودزیک (سرعت انتشار اطلاعات) محاسبه شده‌اند. یافته‌ها حاکی از افزایش قابل توجه سرمایه اجتماعی در هر چهار روستا پس از اجرای طرح توسعه محلی است. نتایج این پژوهش بر اهمیت سرمایه اجتماعی در توسعه اجتماعی و دستیابی به توسعه اهداف مدیریت جامع حوزه آبخیز تأکید دارد. لذا، پیشنهاد می‌شود که سیاست‌گذاران و برنامه‌ریزان توسعه، استراتژی‌هایی مبتنی بر تقویت سرمایه اجتماعی، به ویژه از طریق ایجاد و حمایت از نهادهای محلی، را در اولویت قرار دهند.

کلیدواژه‌ها

عنوان مقاله [English]

Evaluation of Social Capital of Local Communities in Line with Integrated Watershed Management of Bakhriz Watershed

نویسندگان [English]

  • Sosan Salajegheh 1
  • Leila Avazpour 2
  • Mehdi Ghorbani 3

1 Planning, Management, and HSE Group, Faculty of Environment, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran

2 Faculty of governance, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran

3 Department of Reclamation of Arid and Mountainous Regions, Faculty of Natural Resources, University of Tehran, Karaj, Iran

چکیده [English]

Since a significant portion of water resources and other essential resources required by communities are located in adjacent watersheds and suburban areas, the implementation of management programs often conflicts with the interests and demands of watershed residents. Resolving these disputes is only achievable through peaceful methods that safeguard the rights of all parties while ensuring environmental sustainability. Among effective approaches, the cooperation and participation of local communities along with strengthening the social capital of watershed inhabitants prove particularly valuable. Social capital, founded upon individual participation in collective activities and the establishment of mutual trust among community members, enhances the process of social engagement in comprehensive watershed management. This study measures and analyzes social capital in four villages of Bakharz County (Eshtivan, Chahar Tagh, Shahrak Shahid Beheshti, and Qaleh Now Shamloo) both before and after implementation of a rural development and improvement project. The research employs Social Network Analysis (SNA) methodology. Required data were collected through survey questionnaires and subsequently analyzed using UCINET software. Key network analysis indicators were calculated to assess social capital, including: network density (indicating connection levels among members), centrality (measuring influence and power within the network), reciprocity (evaluating mutual relationships), transitivity of relationships (showing cohesion and information flow), and average geodesic distance (assessing information dissemination speed). The findings reveal a substantial increase in social capital across all four villages following the local development project's implementation. This improvement appears particularly pronounced in Eshtivan village, where decreased power centralization coincided with increased trust and participation. The reduction in average geodesic distance and enhancement in relationship reciprocity further demonstrate the strengthening of social bonds and local institutions. These results underscore the critical importance of social capital in building social resilience and achieving sustainable rural development. Consequently, we recommend that policymakers and development planners prioritize strategies focused on reinforcing social capital, especially through establishing and supporting local institutions.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Keywords: Social Capital
  • Integrated Watershed management
  • Rural Development
  • Social Networks
  • Social Cohesion
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