نشریه علمی - پژوهشی مرتع و آبخیزداری

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 بخش تحقیقات علوم زراعی-باغی، مرکز تحقیقات و آموزش کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی استان کردستان، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، سنندج، ایران

2 بخش تحقیقات خاک و آب، مرکز تحقیقات و آموزش کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی استان کرمانشاه، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، کرمانشاه، ایران

3 موسسه تحقیقات خاک و آب، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، کرج، ایران

10.22059/jrwm.2025.389821.1803

چکیده

استفاده بهینه از عوامل تولید، یکی از ارکان اساسی توسعه پایدار محسوب می‌شود. فشار روز افزون بر منابع خاک ناشی از افزایش جمعیت، توسعه مناطق صنعتی و محدود شدن اراضی کشاورزی، نیاز به استفاده بهینه و پایدار از خاک را ضروری می‌نماید. استان کردستان به‌‌عنوان یکی از قطب-های کشاورزی، مستعد توسعه باغات است. هدف این پژوهش، ارزیابی تناسب اراضی برای توسعه باغات گردو، بادام، سیب، گلابی، انگور و گیلاس در 3000 هکتار از اراضی پایاب سد آزاد به‌منظور تعیین الگوی کشت بهینه می‌باشد. برای این منظور، از روش استاندارد فائو برای ارزیابی تناسب سرزمین استفاده شد. ویژگی‌های اقلیمی، شیب، سیلگیری، زهکشی، بافت و ساختمان خاک، سنگ و سنگریزه، عمق خاک، کربنات کلسیم، واکنش خاک، قابلیت هدایت الکتریکی و کربن آلی در این مطالعه مورد استفاده قرار گرفته است. براساس نتایج به‌دست آمده، در کلاس تناسب نسبتا مناسب (S2)، بادام با 4/561 هکتار، در کلاس تناسب بحرانی (S3)، گردو با 4/679 هکتار و در کلاس نامناسب (N)، گلابی با 1/2751 هکتار بیشترین سطح را به خود اختصاص داده‎اند. این محصولات از لحاظ شوری و قلیائیت محدودیتی ندارند. حداقل و حداکثر محدودیت‌های اقلیمی به ترتیب مربوط به بادام و گلابی است. مهمترین ویژگی‎های محدودکننده برای اکثر محصولات در این اراضی شامل شیب، عمق خاک و بافت می‌باشد. در اراضی شیب‌دار منطقه به شرط عمق مناسب خاک و اجرای اصول حفاظت خاک، امکان کاهش محدودیت‌های ناشی از شیب و بهبود کلاس تناسب اراضی وجود دارد.

کلیدواژه‌ها

عنوان مقاله [English]

Feasibility Study for Developing Orchards in the Downstream Hilly lands of the Azad Dam in Kurdistan

نویسندگان [English]

  • Maryam Osat 1
  • Shahrokh Fatehi 2
  • Javad Seyed Mohamadi 3

1 . Horticulture Crops Research Department, Kordestan Agricultural and Natural Resources Research and Education Center, AREEO, Sanandaj, Iran

2 Soil and Water Research Department, Kermanshah agricultural and natural resources research and education center, AREEO, Kermanshah, Iran

3 Soil and Water Research Institute, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Karaj, Iran

چکیده [English]

Optimal utilization of production factors is considered one of the fundamental pillars of sustainable development. The increasing pressure on soil resources due to the population growth, industrial development, and the limitation of agricultural lands makes the optimal and sustainable use of soil essential. Kurdistan Province, as one of the agricultural hub, is suitable for the development of orchard. The aim of this research is to determine the land suitability for the development of walnut, almond, apple, pear, grape, and cherry orchards in 3,000 hectares of the downstream lands of the Azad Dam to establish the optimal planting patterns. This study seeks to establish optimal planting patterns using the FAO standard method for land suitability assessment. Climatic characteristics, slope, flooding, drainage, texture/structure, coarse fragment, soil depth, CaCO3, pH, EC and organic carbon were examined in this study. Results show that in the relatively suitable class (S2), almond occupy the largest area with 561.4 hectares; in the critical suitability class (S3), walnut cover 679.4 hectares; and in the unsuitable class (N), pear account for 1,275.1 hectares representing the most significant area. This crops have no limitations in terms of salinity and alkalinity. The minimum and maximum climatic limitations correspond to almond and pear, respectively. The most important limiting factors for these crops include slope, soil depth, and texture. In steep land with deep soil, following soil conservation principles can enhance effective utilization and improve the land's suitability class. In steep lands of the region, if there is appropriate soil depth and the principles of soil conservation are implemented, it is possible to reduce the limitations of slope and improve land suitability classes.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Almond
  • Grape
  • land suitability
  • soil conservation
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