ارزیابی اثربخشی اقدامات حفاظتی و احیایی بر بهبود پوشش گیاهی و تولید علوفه در مراتع نیمه‌خشک (مطالعه موردی: حوزه آبخیز وردیج، استان تهران)

مرادی, حسین; جعفری, محمد; طویلی, علی; آذرنیوند, حسین; طهمورث, محمد; علیزاده, اسماعیل

doi:10.22059/jrwm.2025.396695.1840

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

¹ گروه احیا مناطق خشک و کوهستانی، دانشکده منابع طبیعی، دانشکدگان کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی، دانشگاه تهران، کرج، ایران

² گروه حفاظت آب و خاک، پژوهشکده حفاظت خاک و آبخیزداری، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، تهران، ایران

10.22059/jrwm.2025.396695.1840

چکیده

مدیریت جامع اکوسیستم مراتع، یکی از راهکارهای مؤثر برای بهبود پوشش گیاهی، تولید علوفه و ارتقای پایداری در مناطق خشک و نیمه‌خشک به‌شمار می‌رود. در این پژوهش، تأثیر مجموعه‌ای از اقدامات حفاظتی و بهبود اکوسیستم شامل بذرپاشی، نهال‌کاری، تراس+نهال‌کاری، کنتورباندینگ+نهال‌کاری، پیتینگ+بذرپاشی و کنتورفارو+نهال‌کاری بر ویژگی‌های پوشش گیاهی و تولید علوفه در مراتع روستای وردیج استان تهران بررسی شد. نمونه‌برداری به روش سیستماتیک-تصادفی در فصل رویش و با استفاده از پلات‌های ۴ مترمربعی در امتداد ترانسکت‌های ۱۰۰ متری انجام گرفت. ویژگی‌های پوشش گیاهی با دقت ثبت و داده‌های مربوطه تحلیل شد. نتایج نشان داد که اقدامات حفاظتی مذکور، تأثیر معنی‌داری بر متغیرهای پوشش گیاهی دارند و به طور چشمگیری سبب افزایش تاج پوشش گیاهی و کاهش خاک لخت شدند. بیشترین میانگین درصد تاج پوشش (59/97 درصد) و کمترین درصد خاک لخت (7/93 درصد) مربوط به نهال‌کاری بود، در حالی‌که مراتع شاهد کمترین میزان تاج پوشش (23/2 درصد) و بالاترین درصد خاک لخت (29/2 درصد) را نشان دادند. سایر روش‌ها مانند بذرپاشی و تراس-نهال‌کاری نیز نتایج مطلوبی در بهبود پوشش گیاهی داشتند. از نظر تولید علوفه، پروژه نهال‌کاری با میانگین 423 کیلوگرم در هکتار، بیشترین تولید را به همراه داشت و پس از آن بذرپاشی و تراس+نهال‌کاری به‌ترتیب با 367 و 388 کیلوگرم در هکتار قرار گرفتند. مراتع شاهد کمترین عملکرد را نشان دادند. این یافته‌ها بر نقش کلیدی اقدامات حفاظتی و بهبود اکوسیستم در ارتقای پوشش گیاهی و پایداری مراتع تأکید دارد. بر این اساس، پیشنهاد می‌شود در برنامه‌های مدیریتی آینده، از ترکیب روش‌های مختلف از جمله نهال‌کاری و بذرپاشی به‌منظور بهبود کیفیت و پایداری اکوسیستم مرتعی استفاده شود.

کلیدواژه‌ها

عنوان مقاله [English]

Evaluating the Effectiveness of Conservation and Restoration Measures on Vegetation Cover Improvement and Forage Production in Semi-Arid Rangelands

نویسندگان [English]

Hossein Moradi ¹
Mohammad Jafari ¹
ِAli Tavili ¹
Hossein Azarnivand ¹
Mohammad Tahmoures ²
Esmaeil Alizadeh ¹

¹ Department of Reclamation of Arid & Mountain Regions, Faculty of Natural Resources, University of Tehran, Karaj, Iran

² Water and Soil Conservation Engineering Department, Soil Conservation and Watershed Management Research Institute (SCWMRI), Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Tehran, Iran

چکیده [English]

Integrated rangeland ecosystem management is recognized as an effective strategy for improving vegetation cover, forage production, and enhancing sustainability in arid and semi-arid regions. In this study, the effects of various conservation and ecosystem restoration measures (including seeding, Transplanting, terracing combined with transplanting, contour banding with transplanting, pitting with seeding, and contour furrowing with transplanting) were investigated on vegetation characteristics and forage production in the rangelands of Vardij village, Tehran Province. Sampling was conducted systematically and randomly during the growing season using 4 m² plots along 100-meter transects. Vegetation characteristics were precisely recorded and the related data were analyzed. The results indicated that the aforementioned conservation measures had significant effects on vegetation variables, leading to a remarkable increase in vegetation canopy cover and a reduction in bare soil. The highest mean canopy cover (59.97%) and the lowest percentage of bare soil (7.93%) were observed in the transplanting treatment, whereas the control rangelands had the lowest canopy cover (23.2%) and the highest bare soil percentage (29.2%). Other methods, such as seeding and terrace transplanting, also showed positive effects on vegetation cover improvement. Regarding forage production, the transplanting treatment yielded the highest mean production (423 kg/ha), followed by seeding (367 kg/ha) and terrace transplanting (388 kg/ha). The control rangelands exhibited the lowest forage yield. These findings highlight the crucial role of conservation and restoration measures in enhancing vegetation cover and rangeland sustainability. Accordingly, it is recommended that future management plans utilize a combination of methods, including transplanting and seeding, to improve the quality and sustainability of rangeland ecosystems.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

Ecological Restoration
Effectiveness Evaluation
Management Techniques
Sustainable Rangeland Management
Varakbad Watershed

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نشریه علمی - پژوهشی مرتع و آبخیزداری

ارزیابی اثربخشی اقدامات حفاظتی و احیایی بر بهبود پوشش گیاهی و تولید علوفه در مراتع نیمه‌خشک (مطالعه موردی: حوزه آبخیز وردیج، استان تهران)

مراجع

مراجع

دوره 78، شماره 4
دی 1404
صفحه 547-565

ارزیابی اثربخشی اقدامات حفاظتی و احیایی بر بهبود پوشش گیاهی و تولید علوفه در مراتع نیمه‌خشک (مطالعه موردی: حوزه آبخیز وردیج، استان تهران)

مراجع

مراجع

دوره 78، شماره 4دی 1404صفحه 547-565

دوره 78، شماره 4
دی 1404
صفحه 547-565