نشریه علمی - پژوهشی مرتع و آبخیزداری

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 گروه احیای مناطق خشک و کوهستانی، دانشکده منابع طبیعی، دانشگاه تهران، کرج، ایران

2 مرکز تحقیقات بین المللی بیابان، دانشگاه تهران، کرج، ایران

3 گروه مهندسی آبیاری‌ و آبادانی، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه تهران، کرج، ایران

4 گروه مرتع و آبخیزداری، دانشکده منابع طبیعی، دانشگاه محقق اردبیلی، اردبیل، ایران

5 اداره کل منابع طبیعی و آبخیزداری البرز، کرج، ایران

10.22059/jrwm.2025.396554.1838

چکیده

منابع آب حوزه آبخیز رودخانه بالیقلوچای در استان اردبیل سهم به‌سزایی در تأمین آب شرب، کشاورزی، صنعت و نیاز زیست‌محیطی دارد. هدف این پژوهش، بررسی تأثیر فعالیت‌های انسانی و تغییرات اقلیمی بر شاخص‌های هیدرولوژیک جریان رودخانه بالیقلوچای است. هم‌چنین، روند تغییرات اقلیمی و جریان رودخانه طی دوره 30 ساله (1400–1370) با استفاده از آزمون من‌کندال و شیب سن در مقایس ماهانه، فصلی و سالانه ارزیابی شد. نتایج نشان داد که جریان رودخانه تحت تأثیر تغییرات فصلی، وابستگی به منابع زیرزمینی و احداث سد یامچی قرار دارد. در بالادست حوضه، افزایش بارندگی و ذوب برف در فصل بهار موجب افزایش جریان شده، در حالی که در پایین‌دست، میزان جریان کم‌تر و وابستگی به منابع زیرزمینی بیش‌تر است. هم‌چنین، نوسانات بالای جریان در ایستگاه یامچی با انحراف معیار و ضریب تغییرات بالا، بیان‌گر افزایش خطر سیلاب در این منطقه است. نتایج حاصل از آزمون‌های تحلیل روند حاکی از آن است که در دوره آماری 30 ساله، در ایستگاه‌های اردبیل و نیر روند تغییرات بارندگی سالانه کاهش داشته اما از نظر آماری در سطح اطمینان 99 و 95 درصد معنی‌دار نبوده است، در حالی که این روند در ایستگاه سینوپتیک سرعین در سطح اطمینان 99 درصد افزایش داشته است. هم‌چنین‌، افزایش سالانه دما در تمامی ایستگاه‌ها در سطح اطمینان 99 درصد معنی‌دار است. ارزیابی روند تغییرات دبی جریان در مقیاس زمانی سالانه در ایستگاه‌های هیدرومتری نیرچای و سد یامچی حاکی از روند کاهشی معنی‌دار در سطح اطمینان 99 درصد (p-value ≤ 0.01) است. یافته‌ها بر ضرورت به‌کارگیری راهکارهای مدیریتی مؤثر، از جمله بهینه‌سازی بهره‌برداری از منابع آب، اصلاح الگوی مصرف و مدیریت دقیق‌ سد یامچی، به‌منظور کاهش اثرات منفی تغییرات اقلیمی و انسانی بر رژیم جریان رودخانه بالیقلوچای تأکید دارند.

کلیدواژه‌ها

عنوان مقاله [English]

Study on Quantitative Changes in Hydrological Indices of River Flow Under the Influence of Dam Construction and Climate Change

نویسندگان [English]

  • Seyedsaeid Nabavi 1
  • Arash Malekian 1
  • Naser Mashhadi 2
  • Khaled Ahmadaali 3
  • Raoof Mostafazadeh 4
  • Ali Shabazi 5

1 Department of Reclamation of Arid & Mountainous Regions, Faculty of Natural Resources, University of Tehran, Karaj, Iran

2 International Desert Research Center, University of Tehran, Karaj, Iran

3 Department of Irrigation and Reclamation, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Tehran, Karaj, Iran

4 Department of Natural Resources, Faculty of Agriculture and Natural Resources, University of Mohaghegh Ardabili, Ardabil, Iran

5 Natural Resources and Watershed Management Organization of Alborz Province, Karaj, Iran

چکیده [English]

The Baliqlu Chay River watershed in Ardabil Province is a key water source for regional demands. In this study, the role of climate change and human activities on streamflow is examined by using hydrological indices and trend analysis over the period 1991-2021. Monthly, seasonal, and annual climatic and discharge variables were assessed for trends using the Mann-Kendall trend test and Sen's slope estimator. Results indicate streamflow is controlled by seasonal snowmelt, groundwater reliance, and the controlling impact of the Yamchi Dam. Moreover, the high flow variability observed at the Yamchi Station, as indicated by elevated standard deviation and coefficient of variation values, suggests an increased risk of flooding in this area. Trend analysis results over the 30-year statistical period reveal a decreasing trend in annual precipitation at the Ardabil and Nir stations, although these trends are not statistically significant at the 99% and 95% confidence levels. In contrast, a statistically significant increasing trend in annual precipitation was detected at the synoptic station in Sareyn at the 99% confidence level. Additionally, the annual temperature increase at all stations was found to be statistically significant at the 99% confidence level. The assessment of streamflow trends on an annual scale at the Nirchay and Yamchi Dam hydrometric stations indicates a statistically significant decreasing trend at the 1% level (p-value ≤ 0.01). These results emphasize the urgent need for sustainable water management strategies, including optimization of resource use, revised consumption patterns, and improved operation of the Yamchi Dam. Such interventions are essential to reduce the negative impacts of climate change and anthropogenic pressures on the river’s hydrological regime.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Baliqlu Chay River
  • Climate Change
  • Hydrological Indices
  • Trend Analysis
  • Water Resource Management
Amini, G., RabieiFar, H., Mohammadi, G. & Hosseinii, S. A. (2022). Using the WEAP model to evaluate the consumption management of Ayushan dam for different uses. Water and Soil Management and Modelling, 3(4), 44-59. doi: 10.22098/mmws.2022.11450.1135. [In Persian]
Asiabi Hir, R., Mostafazadeh, R., Raoof, M. & Esmali Ouri, A. (2017). Multi-criteria evaluation of water poverty index spatial variations in some watersheds of Ardabil Province. Journal of Ecohydrology, 4(4), 997-1009. doi: 10.22059/ije.2017.63231. [In Persian]
Belhassan, K. (2022). Managing drought and water stress in Northern Africa. In Arid Environment-Perspectives, Challenges and Management. IntechOpen.
Ben-Zvi, A., & Azmon, B. (2010). Direct relationships of discharges to the mean and standard deviation of the intervals between their exceedences. Hydrological Sciences Journal–Journal des Sciences Hydrologiques, 55(4), 565-577.
Bloomfield, J. P., Allen, D. J., & Griffiths, K. J. (2009). Examining geological controls on baseflow index (BFI) using regression analysis: An illustration from the Thames Basin, UK. Journal of Hydrology, 373(1-2), 164-176.
Chen, M., Vernon, C. R., Graham, N. T., Hejazi, M., Huang, M., Cheng, Y., & Calvin, K. (2020). Global land use for 2015–2100 at 0.05 resolution under diverse socioeconomic and climate scenarios. Scientific Data, 7(1), 320.
Döll, P., Fiedler, K., & Zhang, J. (2009). Global-scale analysis of river flow alterations due to water withdrawals and reservoirs. Hydrology and Earth System Sciences, 13(12), 2413-2432.
Frotan, M. & Salahi, B. (2023). Climatic zoning of Ardabil province using multivariate methods. Journal of Environmental Science Studies, 8(1), 6238-6247. doi: 10.22034/jess.2022.369206.1903. [In Persian]
Gedefaw, M., & Denghua, Y. (2023). Simulation of stream flows and climate trend detections using WEAP model in awash river basin. Cogent Engineering, 10(1), 2211365.
Getahun, Y. S., Li, M. H., & Pun, I. F. (2021). Trend and change-point detection analyses of rainfall and temperature over the Awash River basin of Ethiopia. Heliyon, 7(9).
Gocic, M. and Trajkovic, S., (2013). Analysis of changes in meteorological variables using Mann-Kendall and Sen's slope estimator statistical tests in Serbia. Global and pLanetary change, 100, pp.172-182.
Gordon, N.D., McMahon, T.A., Finlayson, B.L., Gippel, C.J. and Nathan, R.J., (2004). Stream hydrology: an introduction for ecologists. John Wiley and Sons.
Grill, G., Lehner, B., Lumsdon, A. E., MacDonald, G. K., Zarfl, C., & Liermann, C. R. (2015). An index-based framework for assessing patterns and trends in river fragmentation and flow regulation by global dams at multiple scales. Environmental Research Letters, 10(1), 015001.
Karmaoui, A., Minucci, G., Messouli, M., Khebiza, M. Y., Ifaadassan, I., & Babqiqi, A. (2019). Climate change impacts on water supply system of the Middle Draa Valley in South Morocco. Climate change, food security and natural resource management: Regional case studies from three continents, 163-178.
Kim, B.S. and Kim, H.S., (2014). Evaluation of flash flood severity in K orea using the modified flash flood index (MFFI). Journal of Flood Risk Management, 7(4), pp.344-356.
Le Mouël, C., Forslund, A., Marty, P., Manceron, S., Marajo-Petitzon, E., Caillaud, M. A., ... & Schmitt, B. (2023). Can the Middle East-North Africa region mitigate the rise of its food import dependency under climate change? Regional Environmental Change, 23(2), 52.
Lu, W., Lei, H., Yang, D., Tang, L., & Miao, Q. (2018). Quantifying the impacts of small dam construction on hydrological alterations in the Jiulong River basin of Southeast China. Journal of Hydrology, 567, 382-392.
Mahmudi, N., & Abghari, H. (2025). Investigating the effect of increasing cultivated area and population growth on surface water resources of Mahabad using WEAP model. Journal of Geography and Environmental Hazards, 14(1). [In Persian]
Malkian, A., mirdashtvan, M. & Ghadimi, M. (2019). Investigating the impacts of climate change on some hydrological characteristics of water resources in Ardebil province. Journal of Ecohydrology, 6(3), 695-705. doi: 10.22059/ije.2019.282033.1120. [In Persian]
Minaei, M., & Irannezhad, M. (2018). Spatio-temporal trend analysis of precipitation, temperature, and river discharge in the northeast of Iran in recent decades. Theoretical and applied climatology, 131, 167-179.
Mohammadirad, L., Esfandyari Darabad, F. and Mstafazadeh, R., (2018). Comparing the hydrological indicators of strem flow under the effects of dam construction (case study: Yamchi and Sabalan Dams Ardabil province) (Doctoral dissertation, University of Mohaghegh Ardabili). [In Persian]
Mostafazadeh, R., Esfandiyari Darabad, F., Mohammadirad, L., & Haji, K. (2020). Quantitative changes and statistical comparison of river flow hydrological indicators after the construction of Yamchi Dam, Ardabil, Iran. Environment and Water Engineering, 6(2), 107-121.
Mostafazadeh, R., Zabihi Silabi, M., Azizi Mobaser, J., & Moezzipour, B. (2024). Index-based alteration of long-term river flow regimes influenced by land use change and dam regulation. Earth, 5(3), 404-419.
Naderi, M., Sheikh, V., Bahrehmand, A., Komaki, C. B., & Ghangermeh, A. (2023). Analysis of river flow regime changes using the indicators of hydrologic alteration (case study: Hableroud watershed). [In Persian]
Norouzzadeh, H., Hasanpour Kashani, M. and Rasoulzadeh, A. (2023). Estimating the contribution of climate change and human activities on river discharge variations (Case Study: GharehSoo River). Water and Soil Management and Modelling, 3(4), 168-180.
Pelletier, P. M. (1988). Uncertainties in the single determination of river discharge: a literature review. Canadian Journal of Civil Engineering, 15(5), 834-850.
Qaddoumi, A., Sultan, Y., Wahbe, A., Zayed, N., Zaatreh, M., Alani, R., Edilbi, A. and Sultan, I., (2025). The Burden of Blindness and Vision Impairment in the Middle East and North Africa: A Global Burden of Disease 2019 Perspective. Ophthalmic Epidemiology, pp.1-10.
Raoof, M. & Alioghli, S. (2020). Estimation of environmental flow of the Balikhlochai River and evaluation impact of Yamchi dam operation on hydrological and environmental regime of the river. Journal of Natural Environment, 73(2), 299-312. doi: 10.22059/jne.2020.295047.1880. [In Persian]
Rezayan, A. & Rezayan, A. H. (2016). Future studies of water crisis in Iran based on processing scenario. Journal of Ecohydrology, 3(1), 1-17. doi: 10.22059/ije.2016.59185. [In Persian]
Rutkowska, A., Osuch, M., Żelazny, M., Banasik, K., & Klimek, M. (2023). Climatic and anthropogenic drivers of zero-flow events in intermittent rivers in Poland. Journal of Water and Land Development, (57), 52-61.
Saedi, F., Ahmadi, A., & Abbaspour, K. C. (2021). Optimal water allocation of the Zayandeh-Roud Reservoir in Iran based on inflow projection under climate change scenarios. Journal of Water and Climate Change, 12(5), 2068-2081.
Salahi, B., Nohegar, A. & Behrouzi, M. (2019). Estimation of future temperature and precipitation fluctuations in Ardebil plain in order to manage and planning the beginning of cultivation and the length of wheat growth period. Geography (Regional Planning), 9(36), 277-288. [In Persian]
Wang, J., Sheng, Y., Gleason, C. J., & Wada, Y. (2013). Downstream Yangtze River levels impacted by three Gorges dam. Environmental Research Letters, 8(4), 044012.
Zuo, Q., & Liang, S. (2015). Effects of dams on river flow regime based on IHA/RVA. Proceedings of the International Association of Hydrological Sciences, 368, 275-280.