نشریه علمی - پژوهشی مرتع و آبخیزداری

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 گروه مرتعداری دانشکده منابع طبیعی، دانشگاه علوم کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی ساری، ساری، ایران

2 مرکز تحقیقات کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی کرمانشاه، کرمانشاه، ایران

10.22059/jrwm.2026.403850.1853

چکیده

هدف این پژوهش، ارزیابی تغییرات کیفیت علوفه گونه‌های Bromus tomentellus، Festuca ovina و Stipa lessingiana در مراتع گون‌بان هرسین استان کرمانشاه، در سه مرحله فنولوژیکی (رشد رویشی، گلدهی و بذردهی) بود. برای این منظور، نمونه‌برداری تصادفی از هر گونه در سه تکرار و در هر مرحله رویشی انجام شد. نمونه‌ها پس از خشک‌شدن و آسیاب، به‌وسیله طیف‌سنج مادون قرمز نزدیک برای تعیین مقادیر پروتئین خام، هضم‌پذیری ماده خشک، کربوهیدرات‌های محلول در آب، الیاف نامحلول در شوینده اسیدی و خنثی، خاکستر، ازت، فسفر، پتاسیم و انرژی متابولیسمی آنالیز شدند. داده‌ها با استفاده از آنالیز واریانس یک‌طرفه و آزمون مقایسه میانگین دانکن در نرم‌افزار R تحلیل گردید. نتایج نشان داد که تمامی شاخص‌های کیفیت علوفه گونه‌های گیاهی در طی مراحل فنولوژیکی تغییرات معنی‌دار داشتند (p<0.05 یا p<0.01). با پیشرفت مراحل فنولوژیکی از رویشی به بذردهی، درصد DMD، CP، ME، خاکستر و ازت در هر سه گونه کاهش یافت، در حالی که مقادیر WSC، ADF و NDF افزایش پیدا کرد. در مرحله بذردهی، بیشترین کاهش CP در B. tomentellus (02/68 درصد) و بیشترین کاهش DMD و ME به ترتیب با 73/30 و 75/38 درصد در F. ovina ثبت گردید. در مقابل، WSC در S. lessingiana افزایش 77/17 درصد داشت. مقایسه بین گونه‌ای نشان داد که به‌دلیل مقادیر بالاتر ME، DMD، WSC و میزان دیواره سلولی بدون همی‌سلولز کمتر در گونه B. tomentellus در مراحل فنولوژیکی، این گونه از ارزش غذایی بالاتری برخوردار است. این نتایج تأکید می‌کند که برای دستیابی به بالاترین ارزش غذایی و حفظ پایداری مرتع، مدیریت چرای دام باید بر اساس مرحله فنولوژیکی گونه‌های غالب برنامه‌ریزی شود. بر اساس نتایج، گونه‌ B. tomentellus در مرحله رویشی بیشترین پتانسیل تغذیه‌ای را دارد، در حالی که S. lessingiana، به‌رغم کیفیت پایین‌تر، به‌دلیل مقاومت بالاتر به چرا و نقش حفاظتی در خاک، گونه‌ای ارزشمند برای تثبیت و احیای مراتع است.

کلیدواژه‌ها

عنوان مقاله [English]

Comparison of the forage nutritional value of Bromus tomentellus Boiss., Festuca ovina L., and Stipa lessingiana Trin. & Rupr. at different phenological stages in the Gavanban- rangelands, Harsin, Kermanshah Province.

نویسندگان [English]

  • Mohammaadreza Tatian 1
  • ٍElahe Shayesteh 1
  • Reza Tamartash 1
  • Mohammadreza Shooshtari 2
  • Nateq Lashkari 1

1 Department of Range Management, Faculty of Natural Resources, Sari Agricultural Science and Natural Resources University, Sari, Iran

2 Agriculture and Natural Resources Research Center, Kermanshah, Iran

چکیده [English]

Iran, owing to its diverse climatic conditions, is considered as one of the main centers of genetic diversity in grasses, particularly forage grasses, in the world. This research aimed to evaluate the variations in forage quality of Bromus tomentellus, Festuca ovina, and Stipa lessingiana in Gavanban rangelands of Harsin, Kermanshah Province, at vegetative growth, flowering, and seed maturity stages. To achieve this, each species was randomly sampled in three replicates at each phenological stage. Samples were dried, ground, and assessed using Near-Infrared Reflectance Spectroscopy (NIRS) for the determination of their nutritive value, including CP, DMD, WSC, ADF, NDF, ash, N, P, K, and ME. ANOVA followed by Duncan’s multiple range test for mean comparisons were performed in R software. The results indicated that forage quality traits differed significantly during the phenological stages. During the transition from vegetative to seed maturity stages, all three species showed a reduction in DMD, CP, ME, ash, and nitrogen content, while WSC, ADF, and NDF levels increased. At the seed maturity stage, CP decreased most significantly in B. tomentellus (68.02%), while DMD and ME showed their highest decreases in F. ovina, at 30.73% and 38.75%, respectively. In contrast, S. lessingiana revealed a 17.77% increase in WSC. The interspecific comparison demonstrated that B. tomentellus maintained higher nutritional value across phenological stages, which can be attributed to its elevated ME, DMD, and WSC levels and lower ADF content. These findings highlight that optimizing forage nutritive value and ensuring rangeland sustainability require grazing management to be aligned with the phenological stages of dominant species. According to the results, B. tomentellus has the greatest nutritional potential at the vegetative stage, whereas S. lessingiana, despite its lower forage quality, is valuable for rangeland stabilization and restoration due to its strong grazing tolerance and soil-protective role.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Gavanban rangelands
  • Grasses
  • Grazing management
  • Rangeland restoration
  • Nutritive value
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