نشریه علمی - پژوهشی مرتع و آبخیزداری

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 گروه مهندسی طبیعت، دانشکده منابع طبیعی و محیط زیست، دانشگاه ملایر، ملایر، ایران

2 گروه محیط زیست، دانشکده منابع طبیعی و محیط زیست، دانشگاه ملایر، ملایر، ایران

3 گروه احیا مناطق خشک و کوهستانی، دانشکده منابع طبیعی، دانشگاه تهران، کرج، ایران

10.22059/jrwm.2025.394639.1826

چکیده

اکوتوریسم یا گردشگری در طبیعت از گونه‌های مهم گردشگری است که بیشترین سازگاری را با معیشت پایدار دارد. اکوتوریسم یا گردشگری در طبیعت، نقش مهمی در توسعه پایدار روستایی و معیشت پایدار دارد. هدف این پژوهش، مقایسه دیدگاه عشایر و کارشناسان درباره اثرات اکوتوریسم بر معیشت پایدار ایل ترکاشوند در استان همدان است. جامعه آماری شامل ۴۵ نفر عشایر بود که ۴۰ نفر طبق جدول کرجسی و مورگان انتخاب شدند و از ۲۲ نفر کارشناسان اداره امور عشایر استان همدان، ۱۰ نفر به روش سرشماری مشارکت داشتند. داده‌ها به‌وسیله پرسشنامه با پایایی (آلفای کرونباخ: عشایر 81/0، کارشناسان 84/0) گردآوری شد. نتایج نشان داد دیدگاه عشایر و کارشناسان در اغلب شاخص‌های معیشت پایدار تفاوت معناداری دارد. این تفاوت در شاخص‌های مالی و اقتصادی، طبیعی و اکولوژیکی واضح‌تر بود. در سرمایه انسانی، شاخص نیروی کار خانوادگی و در سرمایه اجتماعی سه گویه «اتحاد و انسجام در سطح سامان عرفی»، «مشارکت» و «اعتماد عشایر به یکدیگر» فاقد اختلاف معنی‌دار بودند. اختلاف دیدگاه به تفاوت در برداشت‌ها و انتظارات دو گروه نسبت به اثرات اکوتوریسم نسبت داده می‌شود. بطورمثال انتظارات عشایر از اکوتوریسم عملی و کوتاه‌مدت است درحالی که کارشناسان دیدی بلندمدت و کلان‌تر دارند. به منظور بهره‌برداری از ظرفیت‌های اکوتوریسم در بهبود معیشت پایدار، مشارکت هم‌زمان بهره‌برداران و کارشناسان در فرآیند برنامه‌ریزی توصیه می‌شود.

کلیدواژه‌ها

عنوان مقاله [English]

Comparative analysis of expert and nomadic perspectives on the effects of ecotourism on sustainable livelihood components in the Turkashvand tribe

نویسندگان [English]

  • Behnaz Attaeian 1
  • Arash Samavati 1
  • Kamran Shayesteh 2
  • Hamidreza Saeidi Graghani 3

1 Department of Nature Engineering, Faculty of Natural Resources and Environment, Malayer University, Malayer, Iran

2 Department of Environment, Faculty of Natural Resources and Environment, Malayer University, Malayer, Iran

3 Department of Reclamation of Arid and Mountainous Regions, Faculty of Natural Resources, Karaj, Iran

چکیده [English]

Ecotourism, or nature-based tourism, is one of the most important forms of tourism that shows the highest compatibility with sustainable livelihoods. It plays a key role in rural sustainable development and livelihood sustainability. The aim of this study is to compare the views of nomads and experts regarding the impacts of ecotourism on the sustainable livelihood of the Turkashvand tribe in Hamadan Province. The statistical population consisted of 45 nomads, of whom 40 were selected using the Krejcie and Morgan table, and 10 experts from the General Office of Nomadic Affairs in Hamadan were selected through a census method. Data were collected using a questionnaire with acceptable reliability (Cronbach’s alpha: 0.81 for nomads and 0.84 for experts). The results indicated significant differences between the two groups in most of the sustainable livelihood indicators, especially in financial-economic and natural-ecological capitals. However, there was no significant difference regarding the “household labor force” in human capital, and the indicators of “unity and cohesion within customary structures,” “participation,” and “mutual trust among nomads” in social capital. The divergence in viewpoints is attributed to differing perceptions and expectations; for instance, nomads often have short-term and practical expectations, while experts tend to adopt a more strategic and long-term perspective. It is recommended that both groups participate simultaneously in planning processes to effectively utilize ecotourism potential for sustainable livelihood improvement.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Livelihood Capitals
  • Nomadic Communities
  • Sustainability Indicators
  • Nature-Based Tourism
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