نشریه علمی - پژوهشی مرتع و آبخیزداری

ارزیابی برخی ویژگی‌های اکولوژیکی عرصه‌های بذرپاشی‌شده و همجوار در مراتع سپیدار، شهرستان بویراحمد

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

گروه مهندسی طبیعت، دانشکده کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی، دانشگاه یاسوج، یاسوج، ایران

10.22059/jrwm.2026.417319.1881
چکیده
تخریب پوشش گیاهی و افت کیفیت خاک از مهم‌ترین پیامدهای چرای مفرط، خشکسالی‌های مکرر و بهره‌برداری ناپایدار در اکوسیستم‌های مرتعی است. بذرپاشی به‌عنوان یکی از روش‌های احیای بیولوژیکی مراتع، با هدف بهبود پوشش گیاهی و ارتقای کیفیت خاک به‌کار گرفته می‌شود. پژوهش حاضر با هدف مقایسه عرصه بذرپاشی‌شده با گونه‌های مرتعی ‌Beauv .‌Agropyron elongatum (Host.) و .‌‌Prangos ferulacea (L.) Lindl و عرصه شاهد مجاور از نظر ویژگی‌های اکولوژیکی در مراتع سپیدار شهرستان بویراحمد در سال 1405 انجام شد. بدین‌منظور خصوصیات پوشش گیاهی، وضعیت سطحی و ویژگی‌های شیمیایی و بیولوژیکی خاک دو عمق 15-0 و 30-15 سانتی‌متر اندازه‌گیری شدند. داده‌ها با استفاده از آزمون t مستقل مورد تجزیه و تحلیل قرار گرفتند. نتایج نشان داد که بذرپاشی موجب افزایش معنی‌دار پوشش گیاهی و لاشبرگ و کاهش معنی‌دار خاک لخت در مقایسه با عرصه شاهد شد (01/0>p). از نظر ویژگی‌های شیمیایی، مقادیر ماده آلی، ظرفیت تبادل کاتیونی، فسفر و پتاسیم در عرصه بذرپاشی به‌طور معنی‌داری بیشتر از عرصه شاهد بود (01/0>p)، اما هدایت الکتریکی، اسیدیته و شاخص جذب سدیم تفاوت معنی‌داری نشان ندادند. همچنین شاخص‌های بیولوژیکی شامل تنفس میکروبی، کربن و نیتروژن زیست‌توده میکروبی و نسبت کربن به نیتروژن زیست‌توده میکروبی در عرصه بذرپاشی به‌طور معنی‌داری افزایش یافتند (01/0>p). اثر عمق خاک عمدتاً بر برخی ویژگی‌های شیمیایی مشاهده شد، اما بر بیشتر شاخص‌های بیولوژیکی معنی‌دار نبود. به‌طور کلی، عرصه بذرپاشی‌شده همزمان با افزایش پوشش گیاهی و ورودی بقایای آلی، از وضعیت شیمیایی و بیولوژیکی مطلوب‌تری نسبت به عرصه شاهد برخوردار بود. این یافته‌ها نشان‌دهنده ارتباط استقرار پوشش گیاهی با بهبود برخی ویژگی‌های خاک و فرآیندهای اکولوژیکی است. بنابراین بذرپاشی می‌تواند به‌عنوان یکی از گزینه‌های مناسب برای احیای مراتع تخریب‌شده مناطق سردسیری زاگرس مورد توجه قرار گیرد.

کلیدواژه‌ها


عنوان مقاله English

Evaluation of Some Ecological Characteristics of Seeded and Adjacent Rangelands in the Sepidar, Boyer-Ahmad County

نویسندگان English

Vahid Karimian
Mohsen Farzin
Ruhollah Rahimi
Department of Nature Engineering, Faculty of Agriculture and Natural Resources, Yasouj University, Yasouj, Iran
چکیده English

Vegetation degradation and declining soil quality are among the most significant consequences of overgrazing, recurrent droughts, and unsustainable land-use practices in rangeland ecosystems. Seeding is widely recognized as an effective biological restoration technique aimed at enhancing vegetation establishment and improving soil quality. This study was conducted to compare ecological characteristics between a seeded rangeland with the rangeland species Agropyron elongatum (Host.) Beauv. and Prangos ferulacea (L.) Lindl. and an adjacent untreated (control) rangeland in the Sepidar rangelands of Boyer-Ahmad County in 2025.Vegetation attributes, soil surface characteristics, soil chemical, and biological properties were evaluated. Soil samples were collected from two depths (0–15 and 15–30 cm), and the data were analyzed using an independent samples t-test. The results indicated that seeding significantly increased vegetation cover and litter cover while significantly reducing bare soil compared with the control site (p<0.01). Soil chemical analyses revealed significantly higher levels of organic matter, cation exchange capacity (CEC), phosphorus, and potassium in the seeded rangeland than in the control area (p<0.01). In contrast, electrical conductivity (EC), soil pH, and sodium adsorption ratio (SAR) did not differ significantly between treatments. Furthermore, biological indicators, including basal respiration, substrate-induced respiration, microbial biomass carbon (MBC), microbial biomass nitrogen (MBN), and the microbial biomass C:N ratio, were significantly greater in the seeded rangeland (p<0.01). Soil depth primarily influenced several chemical properties, whereas most biological indicators showed no significant response to depth. Overall, the seeded rangeland demonstrated markedly improved chemical and biological soil conditions relative to the adjacent control, a difference that can be linked to enhanced vegetation cover and greater organic matter inputs. The observed improvements in soil properties and ecological processes were positively correlated with vegetation establishment. Consequently, seeding represents a viable and practicable option for the restoration of degraded rangelands across the cold-climate zones of the Zagros region.

کلیدواژه‌ها English

Boyer-Ahmad County
Microbial Biomass
Seeding
Sepidar Rangelands
Vegetation Cover
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دوره 79، شماره 3
پاییز 1405
صفحه 345-359

  • تاریخ دریافت 04 تیر 1405
  • تاریخ بازنگری 08 شهریور 1405
  • تاریخ پذیرش 10 شهریور 1405
  • تاریخ انتشار 09 مهر 1405