نشریه علمی - پژوهشی مرتع و آبخیزداری

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 استادیار دانشکدة کویرشناسی، دانشگاه سمنان

2 استاد دانشکدة منابع طبیعی، دانشگاه تهران

3 دانشیار دانشکدة منابع طبیعی، دانشگاه تهران

چکیده

مبارزه با بیابان‌زایی، که امروزه تهدیدی جدی برای محیط و رفاه انسان به‌شمار می‌رود، نیازمند درک مسائل پیچیدة این پدیده از طریق ارزیابی، آگاهی از شدت عمل فرایند‌ها، و مشخص‌نمودن عوامل آن است. بنابراین، در این بررسی، پس از مطالعة شرایط حاکم بر منطقة دامغان، که نشان‌دهندة وجود بیابان‌زایی است، شدت و وضعیت فعلی بیابان‌زایی با تکیه بر معیارهای اقلیم، آب، زمین‌شناسی- ژئومورفولوژی، خاک، و فرسایش بادی، به عنوان مهم‌ترین معیارهای بیابان‌زایی، ارزیابی شد. با توجه به اعتبار بیشتر مدل‌های منطقه‌ای و مدل‌های دارای قابلیت بازنگری و اصلاح، در اینجا از مدل ایرانی ارزیابی پتانسیل بیابان‌زایی (IMDPA)، که برای استفاده در مناطق خشک واسنجی شده است، برای ارزیابی بیابان‌زایی استفاده شد. نخست شاخص فصلی‌بودن بارش، با توجه به ویژگی‌های خاص اقلیمی منطقه، به مدل اضافه شد. سپس، ارزیابی اولیة بیابان‌زایی انجام شد. سپس، با توجه به نتایج ارزیابی اولیه، شرایط منطقه، و مسائل مطرح‌شده در مراحل مختلف ارزیابی، اصلاحات لازم در مدل انجام شد و ارزیابی نهایی بیابان‌زایی و ارائة نقشة آن صورت گرفت. نتایج به‌دست‌آمده نشان داد که شدت بیابان‌زایی در 94/33 درصد از سطح منطقه شدید و در 06/66 درصد از سطح آن متوسط است. همچنین، اقلیم، شورشدن منابع آب و خاک، کاربری نامناسب اراضی، بهره‌برداری بی‌رویه از منابع آب زیرزمینی، شیوة نامناسب آبیاری، و چرای مفرط مهم‌ترین عوامل بیابان‌زایی در منطقه است.
 

کلیدواژه‌ها

عنوان مقاله [English]

Assessment of Current Desertification Status using IMDPA and Determination of Effective Factors of Land Degradation (Case Study: Damghan region)

نویسندگان [English]

  • shima nikoo 1
  • Hossein Azarnivand 2
  • Gholam Reza Zehtabiyan 2
  • Hasan Ahmadi 2
  • Mohammad Ali Zare Chahouki 3

1 scientific board member of/ Semnan University

2 scientific board member / University of Tehran

3 scientific board member/University of Tehran

چکیده [English]

Combating desertification which is a serious threat for the environment and human welfare requires understanding complex issues of this phenomenon using evaluation, awareness of severity of it's processes and determination of it's factors. So here, after recognizing the characteristics of the region showing existence desertification, we assess its current status with emphasis on climate, water, geology-geomorphology, soil and wind erosion as the most criteria of desertification. According to more consensus on regional model or flexible model to modify, Iranian Model for Desertification Potential Assessment (IMDPA) ,which is calibrated to use in arid area of Iran, was chosen. At first the rainfall seasonality indicator was added to the model as a special climate character. Then primary assessment of desertification was done. At last according to the result of primary assessment, the area environmental conditions and revealed issues during assessment the model was modified, final assessment and mapping of desertification were done. At last according to the result of primary assessment, the area environmental conditions and revealed issues during assessment the model was modified, final assessment and mapping of desertification were done. Based on the results desertification intensity in 33/94% and 66/06% of the area are severe and moderate respectively. Also the major factors affecting desertification across Damghan region are climate, salinization of water and soil resources, improper land use, over exploitation of underground water, over grazing and improper irrigation method.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Desertification assessment
  • Desertification intensity
  • Modified IMDPA
  • Desertification
  • fators
  • Damghan region
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