نشریه علمی - پژوهشی مرتع و آبخیزداری

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 استادیارگروه علوم باغبانی، دانشکدة کشاورزی، دانشگاه ولی‌عصر(عج) رفسنجان، ایران

2 استادیار گروه علوم باغبانی، دانشکدة کشاورزی، دانشگاه فردوسی مشهد، ایران

3 استادیار گروه علوم باغبانی، پردیس ابوریحان، دانشگاه تهران، پاکدشت، ایران

چکیده

آنغوزة تلخ گیاهی دارویی- مرتعی و متعلق به تیرة چتریان است. ارزش این گیاه به دلیل شیرابه‏ای است که با تیغ‌زدن به رأس ریشة آن به‌دست می‌آید. بارندگی در عملکرد شیرابه و بقای این گیاه تأثیر بسزایی دارد. خشک‌سالی‏های مداوم در مناطق رویش این گیاه تأثیر نامطلوبی در جمعیت آن گذاشته است. تحقیق حاضر در این راستا و به منظور بهره‏برداری بهتر و بررسی تأثیر آبیاری در رشد، نمو، عملکرد شیرابه، و بقای گیاه در شرایط طبیعی در منطقة جنگل قائم کرمان ‌انجام پذیرفت. در این مطالعه تأثیر پنج تیمار آبیاری در طول فصل رشد‌ـ شامل دو بار در هفته، یک بار در هفته، دو هفته یک بار، سه هفته یک بار، و یک بار در ماه‌ـ به همراه شاهد (بدون آبیاری) بر روی صفات فوق در قالب طرح بلوک‏های کامل تصادفی در چهار تکرار و در هر تکرار 20 گیاه مطالعه شد. نتایج تجزیة واریانس نشان داد آبیاری در طول برگ، طول دم‌برگ، طول دورة رشد رویشی، و عملکرد شیرابة گیاه تأثیر معنی‏داری در سطح یک درصد داشت. همچنین، آبیاری باعثِ افزایشِ بقای گیاهان تیغ‌خورده در طول دورة بهره‏برداری و در سال بعد شد. اما آبیاری به طور معنی‏داری باعث کاهش درصد اسانس شیرابه شد. بهترین تیمار برای افزایش عملکرد شیرابهْ آبیاری گیاهان به صورت یک بار در هفته بود که عملکردی معادل 4/81 گرم در هر پایه داشت. کمترین میزان عملکرد نیز مربوط می‌شود به تیمار شاهد و یک بار آبیاری در ماه. به طور کلی، آبیاریِ گیاه آنغوزه پیش از بهره‏برداری و در طول فصل رشد آن توصیه می‏شود.
 
 

کلیدواژه‌ها

عنوان مقاله [English]

The Effect of Different Irrigation Treatments on Resin Yield, Essential Oil Content, Morphological Traits and Survival of Bitter Asafetida (Ferula assa-foetida L.)

نویسندگان [English]

  • Mohammad Reza Pirmoradi 1
  • Mohammad Moghaddam 2
  • Navid Yazdani 3

1 Assistant Professor, Department of Horticulture, Faculty of Agriculture, Vali-e-Asr University of Rafsanjan, Rafsanjan, Iran

2 Assistant Professor, Department of Horticulture, Faculty of Agriculture, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran

3 Assistant Professor, Department of Horticulture, College of Aburaihan, University of Tehran, Pakdasht, Tehran, Iran

چکیده [English]

Bitter asafetida (Ferula assafoetida L.) is one of the medicinal-rangeland plants belonging to Apiaceae family. The resin which is through incision secreted of the root has medicinal properties. The effect of rain on resin yield of this plant is one of problem of natural resources offices. The main aim of this study was to find out the effects of the irrigation on the resin yield, plants survival and some morphological traits of asafetida plants. Five irrigation treatments consisting of two times at week, one time at week, one time at two week, one time at three week, one time at month and without irrigation (control) were employed. The statistical design was a randomized complete block design, with four replications. The results show that irrigation increased resin yield, leaf length, vegetative growth period, survival plants at during of exploitation and next year significantly. But irrigation decrease essential oil percentage of resin significantly. One time irrigation in each week was the best treatment for increasing resin as it had produced 81.4 g resin yield per plant. The lowest resin yield was obtained in control and one time irrigation per month. These treatments had no effect on number of plant leafs. So plants irrigation before exploitation from this plant is recommended.
 
 

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Irrigation
  • Bitter asafetida
  • Plant survival
  • Incision
  • Resin
  • yield
 
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