نشریه علمی - پژوهشی مرتع و آبخیزداری

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 دانشجوی کارشناسی ارشد آبخیزداری، دانشکدة منابع طبیعی و محیط زیست دانشگاه فردوسی مشهد

2 استادیار دانشکدة منابع طبیعی و محیط زیست دانشگاه فردوسی مشهد

3 کارشناس‌ارشد زمین‏شناسی، دانشکدة منابع طبیعی و محیط زیست دانشگاه فردوسی مشهد

چکیده

سازه‏های اصلاحی بند‏های کوچکی هستند که در حوضه‏های آبخیز، به‌ویژه حوضه‏های حساس به فرسایش واقع در بالادست سدهای مخزنی، به منظور کاهش سرعت جریان، کاهش فرسایش، مهار رسوب، و کنترل سیلاب در آبراهه‏ها با استفاده از مصالحی مانند چوب، سنگ، سنگ و ملات، و توریسنگ ساخته می‏شوند. این سازه‏ها با کاهش سرعت جریان آب و شیب آبراهه و ذخیرة جریان باعث تغییرِ واکنش هیدرولوژیک حوضه‏های آبخیز می‏‌شوند. تجزیه و تحلیل آثار احداث این سازه‏ها پیش از احداث در تصمیم‏گیری صحیح و اجرای بهینة این طرح‏ها و همچنین مدیریت بهتر به منظور نیل به اهداف مختلف مؤثر است. از آنجا که احداث این سازه‏ها بر رفتار سیل مؤثر است، این تحقیق با هدف تأثیر احداث سدهای اصلاحی بر زمان تمرکز و کاهش دبی اوج سیل در حوضة آبخیز گاش صورت گرفت. در این تحقیق به منظور بررسی تأثیر این سازه‏ها روندیابی سیل در مخزن به روش پالس و روندیابی رودخانه به روش ماسکینگام انجام گرفت و هیدروگراف سیل با دورة بازگشت‏های 25 تا 100 ساله در وضعیت قبل و بعد از احداث سازه‏ها شبیه‏سازی شد. نتایج نشان‏ داد با احداث سازه‏های پیش‏بینی‌شده بین 75 تا 97 درصد دبی اوج و 73 تا 98 درصد حجم سیل کاهش می‏یابد؛ این نتیجه بیانگر تأثیر مثبت احداث این سازه‏ها در کاهش دبی اوج و حجم سیل است. به‏ علاوه، در دورة‏ بازگشت‏های مختلف با افزایش دبی اوج و حجم سیل ورودی، نقش مخازن در کاهش دبی اوج سیلاب و حجم سیل کاهش می‌‏یابد. همچنین، در اثر احداث سازه‏های مذکور، زمان تمرکز در محل خروجی حوضه بین 26/0 تا 98/0 ساعت افزایش خواهد یافت.

کلیدواژه‌ها

عنوان مقاله [English]

Effect of check dams on time of concentration and reduction of flood peak (Case study: Gash watershed)

نویسندگان [English]

  • Bita Shiravi 1
  • Ali Golkarian 2
  • Ali Abotalebi pirnaeemi 3

1 M. Sc. Student, Faculty of Natural Resources and Environment, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Iran.

2 Assistant prof, Faculty of Natural Resources and Environment, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad,Iran.

3 M. Sc., Faculty of Natural Resources and Environment, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad,Iran

چکیده [English]

Check dams, are small dams in the watershed. These dams are constructed in susceptible areas to erosion due to reduce of flow velocity and erosion, control of sediment and flood in upstream of reservoir dams. These structures are made using wood, stone and cement, and Gabion. These structures change the hydrological response of the watershed by reducing flow velocity, the channel slope and storage of flow.
Analyzed the effects of these dams before making can be deciding on the correct and efficient implementation of the project as well as better management in order to achieve various objectives effectively. Since the constructions of these dams are effective on flood behavior, this research aims to impact of check dams on time of concentration and reduction of flood peak discharge in the Gash watershed. In this research are used from Puls method for flood routing in reservoir and Muskingum method for flood routing in river due to evaluate the impact of dams, and also flood hydrograph with 25 to 100 year return period was simulated the situation before and after construction of dams. The results showed that the proposed check dams are reduced peak of flow between 75 to 97 percent and flood volume from 73 to 98 percent that shows the positive effects of the construction of these dams in reducing the peak of flow and flood volume. In addition, in different return period with increasing peak of flow and flood volume, reservoir role in reducing peak of flood discharge and flood volume will be decreased. Also time of concentration will be increased between 0.26 to 0.98 hours by Construction of check dams.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • flood routing in reservoir
  • flood routing in rivers
  • flood peak flow
  • Check dams
  • hydrologic reaction
  • Gash watershed

 

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