نشریه علمی - پژوهشی مرتع و آبخیزداری

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 شناخت مهم‌ترین تغییر در مؤلفه‌های کمّی و کیفی پوشش گیاهی بر اثر قرق مراتع دشت کالپوش با استفاده از آنالیز چندمتغیره

2 دانشجوی دکتری علوم مرتع، دانشگاه علوم کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی گرگان

3 دانشیار گروه مرتع‌داری دانشگاه علوم کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی گرگان

چکیده

با توجه به اهمیت تغییرات پوشش گیاهی و آگاهی از روند تخریب یا بهبود آن در برنامه‏ریزی و اعمال مدیریت صحیح بهره‏برداری از اراضی، این مطالعه به ‏منظور بررسی اثر چرا بر مؤلفه‏های کمّی و کیفی پوشش گیاهی (شامل شکلِ زیستی، فرم رویشی، کلاس خوش‌خوراکی، خانواده‏های گیاهی، و تنوع گونه‏ای) و شناخت مهم‌ترین آن‌ها از لحاظ تغییرپذیری در دو منطقة قرق و چراشده در دشت کالپوش واقع در استان گلستان انجام گرفته است. بدین منظور، در هر دو منطقه با استفاده از 78 پلات یک مترمربعی به روش سیستماتیک- تصادفی نمونه‌برداری شد. برای مقایسة مؤلفه‏های کمّی و کیفی پوشش گیاهی در دو منطقة قرق و چرا از آزمون تی‌- استیودنت و برای تعیین تغییرپذیرترین مؤلفه‏ها در اثر اعمال مدیریت‏های چرایی از تجزیة مؤلفه‏های اصلی (PCA) با استفاده از نرم‏افزار SPSS بهره‏گیری شد. بر اساس مطالعة پوشش‏ گیاهی در منطقه، 13 گونه به خانوادة Asteraceae و 10 گونه به خانوادة Poaceae تعلق دارد و نیز 69 گونة علفی، 13 گونة گراس، و 5 گونة بوته‏ای و درختچه‏ای وجود دارد. نتایج آزمون تی‌- استیودنت نشا‌ن‌دهندة افزایش تراکم نسبی تروفیت، گیاهان کلاس I و کاهش کریپتوفیت، کلاس خوش‌خوراکی III در سایت قرق نسبت به سایت چراشده است. همچنین، نتایج حاکی از آن است که چرا سبب افزایش تاج پوشش نسبی بوته و کامفیت و کاهش فورب و تروفیت در منطقه شده است. مقایسة تراکم و تاج ‏پوشش نسبی گونه‏های گیاهی در منطقة قرق و چراشده حاکی از اثرگذاری نسبتاً خوب حفاظت در ترمیم و بهبود ترکیب، افزایش تراکم، و تنوع گونه‏ای است. نتایج تجزیة مؤلفه‏های اصلی نیز نشان داد که از بین مؤلفه‏های مختلف بیشترین تغییر بر اثر قرق در محور اصلی اول مربوط به فورب، همی کریپتوفیت، تروفیت، و خانواده‏های گیاهی Appiacea و Brassicacea در جهت مثبت و میزان بوته‏ها در جهت منفی بوده است. در مؤلفة دوم خانواده‏های گیاهی Asteracea و Papaveracea نیز بیشترین تغییر افزایشی را به خود اختصاص دادند.

کلیدواژه‌ها

عنوان مقاله [English]

Recognizing of the most important change in the qualitative and quantitative components of vegetation in consequent of exclusion Kalpush plain rangeland using multivariate analysis

نویسندگان [English]

  • Seyedeh Zohreh Mirdeilami 1
  • Esmaeil Sheidai 2
  • Moosa Akbalou 3

1 pHD Student, Dept. Rangeland management, Gorgan University of Agricultural sciences & Natural Resources, I.R. Iran

2 pHD Student, Dept. Rangeland management, Gorgan University of Agricultural sciences & Natural Resources, I.R. Iran

3 ; Associ. Prof., Dept. Rangeland management, Gorgan University of Agricultural sciences & Natural Resources, Gorgan, Iran

چکیده [English]

Considering the importance of vegetation changes and awareness of its destruction or improvement trends in programming and its proper managing of utilization, this study was conducted in order to survey the effects of grazing on the qualitative and quantitative components of vegetation (including life form, growth form, palatability class, plant families and species diversity) and recognition their most important changes in both grazing and enclosed sites in Kalpush plain, Golestan provience. For this purpose, samples were taken via 78 plot 1 square meter in a randomly- systematic method. Mean comparison of the components and recognition of the most changeable components in consequent implementing grazing management were done with t-student test and principle component analysis (PCA) respectively using Spss software. According to the vegetation study, 13 species belong to Asteraceae family and 10 species to Poaceae family and there are 69 Herbaceous species, 13 Grass species and 5 shrubs species of plants in this region. The results of t-Student test indicate an increase in relative density of Therophytes and class I plants, and decrease in Cryptophytes and class III in the enclosed. Also the results point out that grazing has caused increasing in the relative canopy of Shrubs and Champhyte and decreasing in Therophytes, Forbs in the region. Comparison of relative density and canopy cover of plant species in two sites showed a relatively good effect of rangeland enclosing in increasing of the density, restoration and recovery of species composition and diversity. Principal component analysis also showed that the most changeable components in consequent of rangeland enclosing were Forbs, Hemicryphtophyte, Therophyte, Appiacea and Brassicacea families in positive and Shrubs in negative of first axis. Also the Papaveracea and Asteracea families have the most incremental changes in the second component.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Canopy cover
  • exclusion
  • Palatability
  • Composition
  • Grazing
  • Principal component analysis

 

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