نشریه علمی - پژوهشی مرتع و آبخیزداری

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 دانشجوی دکتری آبخیزداری، دانشکدة منابع طبیعی دانشگاه تهران

2 استاد دانشکدة منابع طبیعی دانشگاه تهران

3 استادیار پژوهشکدة حفاظت خاک و آبخیزداری کشور

چکیده

لس‌ها یکی از نهشته‎های مهم کواترنری در شمال شرق ایران‌اند و از میزان فرسایش بالایی برخوردارند. تحقیق حاضر با استفاده از یک دستگاه شبیه‌ساز بارانِ قابلِ حمل با پلات یک متر مربع با هدف تعیین عوامل مهم مؤثر بر رسوب‌زایی لس‎ها در محدودة حوضة آبخیز گرگانرود انجام شد. برای تهیة نقشة واحدهای کاری، نقشه‎های کاربری اراضی، شیب، و اَشکال فرسایش با استفاده از امکانات GIS تلفیق شد. سپس، در مجموع، طی 69 آزمایش در 23 واحد کاری با شبیه‌ساز باران میزان رواناب و رسوب به‌دست‌آمده اندازه‌گیری شد. برای تعیین خصوصیات فیزیکی و شیمیایی و نوع کانی رسی و وزن مخصوص ظاهری در مجاورت هر پلات از مواد سطحی نمونه‌برداری شد. در محل استقرار شبیه‌ساز باران جدول اطلاعات توصیفی‌ـ شاملِ مختصات جغرافیایی، درصد شیب، ارتفاع، عمق افق A‌ـ و دیگر اطلاعات ضروری تکمیل شد. برای تعیین ارتباط منطقی میان متغیرهای مختلفْ از همبستگی و تحلیل رگرسیون استفاده شد. هرچند به‌نظر می‌رسید عوامل بسیاری در تولید رواناب و رسوب در لس‌ها مؤثرند، نتایج نشان داد شمارِ معدودی عامل کلیدی در این منطقه نقش تعیین‌کننده‌تری دارند؛ به طوری که شیبْ مهم‌ترین عاملِ کنترل میزان رسوب‌زایی در لس‌هاست و پس از آن میزان سیلت نمونه قرار دارد. نتایج رگرسیون چندگانه مدلی ایجاد کرد که 80 درصد تغییرات رسوب را مشخص می‌کند. در مدل به‌دست‌آمده شیب، میزان سیلت، و ظرفیت تبادل کاتیونی ارتباطی مثبت و میزان کاتیون کلسیم ارتباطی منفی با میزان رسوب‌زایی دارد.

کلیدواژه‌ها

عنوان مقاله [English]

Study Of Effective Factors On Sediment Yield of Loess Deposits Using Rainfall Simulator

نویسندگان [English]

  • Mohammad Nohtani 1
  • Sadat Feiznia 2
  • Hasan Ahmadi 2
  • Hamidreza Peirovan 3

1 Ph. D. Student, Watershed Management, Faculty of Natural Resources, University of Tehran, I. R. Iran

2 Professor, Faculty of Natural Resources, University of Tehran, I. R. Iran

3 Assistant Professor in Soil Conservation and Watershed Management Research Center, Tehran, I. R. Iran

چکیده [English]

Loess Deposit is one of the most important Quaternary Deposits of northeastern parts of Iran which have high erosion rate. This study was performed with field- Rainfall- Simulator which has a plot area of 1 m2 in Gorganrood Drainage Basin to determine the effective factors on sediment yield. Landuse, slope and erosion feature maps were overlaid in GIS to obtain land unit map. Then on work units, rainfall simulator analyses were performed. The produced runoff and sediment in 69 points on work units were collected and were measured. Adjacent to each rainfall simulator plot, samples of surface material were collected in the field to analyze for physical and chemical characteristics. In the field, descriptive tables were prepared for different work units in which locality, slope percentage, elevation, depth of A horizon of the soil and other necessary informations were recorded. In order to determine logical relationship between different variables, regression and correlation analyses were performed. In statistical analyses, it was found that slope percentage has the highest correlation coefficient and has the highest direct relationship with sediment yield and sediment production and silt amount is the second factor. The investigation of multiple regression analyses generated a model which shows %80 of sediment production variations. In this model slope percentage, cation exchange capacity and silt have possitive relationship and Calcium cation has negetive relationship with sediment yield.
 

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • loess
  • Sediment yield
  • Rainfall simulator
  • Gorganrood Drainage Basin

 

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