نشریه علمی - پژوهشی مرتع و آبخیزداری

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 عضو هیئت‌علمی، بخش منابع طبیعی و محیط زیست، دانشکدة کشاورزی، دانشگاه شیراز

2 کارشناس‌‌ارشد مدیریت مناطق بیابانی، دانشکدة کشاورزی، دانشگاه شیراز

چکیده

در این پژوهش، بوم‌شناسی فردی گیاه بوته‏ای و انحصاری ایران با نام ریش‌پهن Platychaete aucheri Boiss. در بخش‏های جنوبی استان فارس، که متعلق به ناحیة رویشی خلیج- عمانی است، مطالعه شد. اطلاعات اقلیمی، پستی و بلندی، خاک‌شناسی و ویژگی‏های تیپ گیاهی (تراکم به روش نزدیک‌ترین همسایه، تاج پوشش به روش ترانسکت نقطه‌ای) و فنولوژی گونه بررسی شد. همچنین، کیفیت علوفه در سه مرحلة مهم رشد گیاه‌ـ شامل رویشی، گل‌دهی و بذردهی‌ـ در آزمایشگاه تعیین شد. نتایج نشان داد گیاه P.auchri قادر به رویش در شرایط بارندگی اندک (بیشینة 285 میلی‏متر) و دمای زیاد (بیشینة 6/49 درجة سانتی‌گراد) است؛ البته، اندکی در مقابل سرما و یخبندان تحمل دارد. این گیاه محدودة ارتفاعی از 543 تا 1120 متر از سطح دریا، جهات دامنه رو به جنوب و جنوب شرقی و شیب‏های 7 تا 80 درصد را ترجیح می‏دهد. متوسط تاج پوشش این گونه از 8/15 تا 29 درصد متغیر است. خاک رویشگاه‏های مورد بررسی دارای بافت شنی- لومی و غیر شور و از نظر مواد آلی و عناصر غذایی فقیر است. با افزایش سن گیاه، میزان پروتئین موجود در اندام هوایی روندِ کاهشی را نشان می‏دهد و در بهترین حالت (53/4 درصد پروتئین در مرحلة گل‏دهی) نیز پروتئین موردِ نیازِ دام را برآورده نمی‏سازد. این گیاه، به دلیل دارابودن اسانس، سیستم ریشه‏ای عمیق، اندام‏های هوایی چوبی و کرک در سطح برگ و ساقه، به‌خوبی فشار چرای دام را تحمل می‌کند. به طور کلی، گیاه ریش‏پهن، به دلیل سازگاری با محیط گرم و خشک جنوب فارس (در محدودة مراتع شهرستان‏های لار، لامرد، جهرم و داراب)، شکل رویشی بوته‏ای مقاوم به چرای دام، جذابیت در پرورش زنبور عسل، کاربردهای دارویی در طب سنتی و دارابودنِ نقشی باارزش در کنترل فرسایش آبی و بادی، گونه‏ای چندمنظوره است و در طرح‏های مقابله با بیابان‏زایی و احیای مراتع قشلاقی نواحی جنوب کشور می‌توان از آن استفاده کرد. آگاهی از روش‏های بهینة تکثیر و استقرار این گونة انحصاریِ ایران نیازمند پژوهش‏های تکمیلی است.

کلیدواژه‌ها

عنوان مقاله [English]

Autecology study of Platychaete aucheri Boiss. in arid ecosystems, south of Fars province

نویسندگان [English]

  • Gholam Abbas Ghanbarian 1
  • Zahra Yazdanpanah 2

1 Assistant Professor, Department of Natural Resources and Environment, Faculty of Agriculture, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran

2 MSc in Desert Management, Faculty of Agriculture, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran

چکیده [English]

َAutecology of Platychaete aucheri Boiss. was studies in south parts of Fars. Climatic data, topography and soil characteristics , vegetation attributes and phenology of desire species were studies. The nutritive value in three major stages was determined. The results showed the plant is able to grow under conditions of low rainfall and high temperature , but has little tolerance to cold and frost . The habitat altitude ranges from 543 to 1120 meters above sea level, slope aspect of south and southeast and 7 to 80 percent slope. Average canopy cover of species is between 8.15 to 29 percent. The soils of habitats were neutral to alkaline, non-saline, poor in organic matter and nutrients and the texture is sandy loam. The protein content (%) decreases during phonological stages (at high level 4.53% in flowering stage), also this protein content alone do not satisfy the livestock requirements. Due to the essential oils, the deep root system, woody aerial parts and as well as hairy leaf and stem, grazing pressure can be tolerated. Generally, P.aucheri has several benefits such as adaptation to hot and dry habitats of southern Fars, grazing resistant of life form, attractiveness of beekeeping, uses in traditional medicine and valuable role in controlling water and wind erosion may be introducing and considering as a multiple use species in combat desertification projects and reclamation of winter south rangelands of the country. Knowing of best methods to propagation and successful establishment of this endemic species requires further research.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Autecology
  • Platychaete aucheri Boiss
  • endemic species
  • Khalij-Omani region
  • Fars province
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