نشریه علمی - پژوهشی مرتع و آبخیزداری

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 استادیار دانشکده منابع طبیعی، دانشگاه زابل، زابل، ایران.

2 استاد دانشکده منابع طبیعی، دانشگاه تهران، کرج، ایران.

چکیده

پژوهش حاضر با هدف شناسایی مهمترین متغیرهای تأثیرگذار در پراکنش رویشگاه­های مورد مطالعه و تهیۀ نقشه پیش­بینی رویشگاه­ها با استفاده از روش آنتروپی حداکثر انجام شد. بدین منظور، بعد از تعیین واحدهای همگن نمونه­برداری با استفاده از نقشه رقومی ارتفاع و نقشۀ زمین­شناسی با مقیاس 1:25000، نمونه­برداری از پوشش گیاهی به روش تصادفی - سیستماتیک انجام شد. سطح قطعات نمونه با توجه به نوع گونه­های موجود به روش سطح حداقل بین 2 تا 25 متر مربع و تعداد آنها با توجه به تغییرات پوشش گیاهی و خصوصیات مورد­نظر برای اندازه­گیری، با استفاده از روش آماری 60 پلات تعیین شد. برای نمونه­برداری از خاک نیز در هر رویشگاه هشت پروفیل حفر و از دو عمق 30-0 و 80-30 سانتی­متری نمونه گرفته شد و خصوصیات مورد­نظر در آزمایشگاه مورد اندازه­گیری قرار گرفت. برای انجام مدل‌سازی به روش آنتروپی حداکثر، لایه­های مربوط به متغیرهای محیطی با بهره­گیری از روش زمین­آمار و سیستم اطلاعات جغرافیایی تهیه شد و مدلسازی پراکنش رویشگاه­ها با استفاده از نرم­افزار MaxEnt انجام شد. بعد از اجرای مدل، به­منظور ارزیابی دقّت طبقه­بندی مدل­ها و میزان تطابق نقشه­های واقعی و پیش­بینی  ضریب کاپا و آماره سطح زیر منحنی اندازه­گیری شد. بر اساس نتایج، دقّت طبقه­بندی مدل­ها در سطح قابل قبول قرار می­گیرد و متغیرهای ارتفاع از سطح دریا، جهت، شیب، آهک، سنگریزه عمق اول و دوم خاک و سیلت عمق اول و دوم بیشترین تأثیر را در پراکنش رویشگاه­های مورد مطالعه دارند. میزان تطابق بین نقشه­های نقشه­های پیش­بینی و واقعی برای رویشگاه Artemisia aucheri –Astragalus glaucacanthus، در سطح عالی (کاپای 91/0) و برای رویشگاه­های Amygdalus scoparia،  Scariola orientalis- Stipa barbata و Pteropyrum olivieri- Stipa barbata در سطح خیلی­خوب قرار می­گیرد (به‌ترتیب کاپای 8/0، 83/0 و 79/0). این نتایج نشان می­دهد که روش آنتروپی حداکثر یک روش زایا و تولیدی است و مدل­های حاصل از آن می­تواند به آسانی توسط متخصصین مورد تفسیر قرار گیرد که این ویژگی از نظر کاربردی بسیار حائز اهمیّت است.

کلیدواژه‌ها

عنوان مقاله [English]

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نویسندگان [English]

  • Hossein Piry 1
  • Mohammad Ali Zare Chahouki 2
  • Hossein Azarnivand 2

1 Assistant Professor, Faculty of Natural Resources, University of Zabol

2 Professor, Faculty of Natural Resources, University of Tehran

چکیده [English]

؟

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

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