مقایسه برخی عوامل بومشناختی مؤثر در انتشار گونه‌های Dactylis glomerata L. و Thymus kotschyanus Boiss and Hohen. در جنوب استان اردبیل

قربانی, اردوان; پورنعمتی, اردشیر; سادات قاسمی, زهره; شکوهیان, علی اکبر

doi:10.22059/jrwm.2017.222256.1077

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

¹ دانشیار گروه مرتع و آبخیزداری، دانشگاه محقق اردبیلی، اردبیل، ایران.

² دانشجوی دکترای علوم مرتع، گروه مرتعداری، دانشگاه علوم کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی گرگان، ایران.

³ دانش آموختۀ کارشناسی ارشد مرتعداری، دانشگاه محقق اردبیلی، اردبیل، ایران.

⁴ استادیار گروه علوم باغبانی، دانشگاه محقق اردبیلی، اردبیل، ایران.

https://doi.org/10.22059/jrwm.2017.222256.1077

چکیده

هدف این تحقیق شناخت عوامل محیطی مؤثر بر پراکنش دو گونه Dactylis glomerata و Thymus kotschyanus در مراتع شهرستان‌های خلخال و کوثر در بخش جنوبی استان اردبیل بوده است. از 111 مکان تعیین شده با استفاده از 5 پلات 1 متر مربعی در طول ترانسکت 40 متری به روش تصادفی- سیستماتیک نمونهبرداری انجام شد. در تمامی مکانها پارامترهای سطحی مرتع شامل درصد سنگ و سنگریزه، خاک لخت، لاشبرگ، و تراکم گونههای مورد مطالعهثبت شد. نمونهبرداری خاک از عمق 30 سانتیمتری خاک در هر ترانسکت انجام شد. خصوصیات خاک شامل اسیدیته، کربن آلی، پتاسیم، فسفر، هدایت الکتریکی، درصد شن، رس و سیلت اندازهگیری شد. برای بررسی تفاوت معنیداری بین اثرات عوامل محیطی بر حضور و عدم حضور گونههای مورد مطالعه، تجزیه واریانس یکطرفه انجام شد. برای مقایسه میانگین خصوصیات اندازهگیری شده از آزمون دانکن استفاده شد. برای تعیین درجۀ اهمیت متغیرهای اندازهگیری شده در پراکنش گونه‏های مورد مطالعه و تأیید گروهبندی مکانهای نمونهبرداری، از آنالیز تشخیص کانونیک استفاده شد. نتایج حاصل از تجزیه واریانس نشان داد که از لحاظ ارتفاع، شیب، دما، بارندگی، سنگ و سنگریزه، لاشبرگ، هدایت الکتریکی تفاوت معنی‌داری بین حضور و عدم حضور گونه‌ها وجود دارد (01/0P<). گونۀ D.glomerataدر جهت شمالی و در سطوح با شیب، لاشبرگ، رس و مادۀ آلی بیشتر و گونۀ T.kotschyanus در دامنه غربی و در سطوح با شن، سنگ و سنگریزه و سیلت بیشتر رشد بهتری دارد. با توجه به نتایج حاصل از آنالیز تشخیص کانونیک، دو تابع به ترتیب 8/77 و 2/22 درصد و در مجموع 100 درصد از واریانس کل دادهها را توجیه کردند و به طور کلی 4/94 درصد موارد گروهبندی شده، بهدرستی طبقهبندی شدند. در کل نتایج تجزیه تشخیص کانونیک نشان داد که هدایت الکتریکی، لاشبرگ، بارندگی، دما و ارتفاع و همچنین خصوصیات مربوط به خاک مانند پتاسیم، سیلت و خاک لخت مهمترین عوامل مؤثر در پراکنش گونههای مورد مطالعه هستند. با توجه به نتایج می‌توان در پیشنهاد این گونه‌ها برای مدیریت، اصلاح و احیاء مراتع به‌ طور مناسب‌تری تصمیم‌گیری نمود.

کلیدواژه‌ها

عنوان مقاله [English]

Comparison of some effective environmental factors on distribution of Dactylis glomerata L. and Thymus kotschyanus Boiss and Hohen. in South of Ardabil province

نویسندگان [English]

ardavan ghorbani ¹
ardeshir pour nematy ²
zohreh sadat ghasemi ³
aliakbar shokuhian ⁴

چکیده [English]

The aim of this study was identifying the effects of environmental factors on the distribution ofDactylisglomerataand Thymus kotschyanusin rangelands of Khalkhal and Kosar counties in the southern part of Ardabil province. From 111 selected sites, random systematic sampling was done using five 1m² plots along a 40 m transect. In all sites, land cover parameters including stone and gravel percentage, bare soil, litter, and density of selected species were recorded. Soil samples were taken from the 0 to 30 cm of soil surface of each transect. Soil parameters including pH, organic carbon, potassium, phosphorus, electrical conductivity, Sand, Clay, and Silt were measured. One way ANOVA was used to study the significance of relationship between the effective environmental factors on the presence and absence of the selected species.Duncan's test was used to compare the measured factors.To determine the importance of measured variables on the distribution of selected species and grouping of sampling sites, canonical discriminant analysis was used. Results showed that variables of elevation, slope, temperature, rainfall, stone, gravel, litter, electrical conductivity are significantly different when species exist in contrast to the time that it does not exist (p<0.01). D. glomerata is mostly distributed on north aspect, and on sloppy areas, and the areas with the high litter, clay and organic matter, and T. kotschyanus is mostly distributed on west aspect, and on the areas with the high amount of sand, stone and gravel, and silt that create a good condition for the growth of this species. According to the results of canonical discriminant analysis, two functions with 77.8 and 22.2% and they explained totally 100% of the variance of data, and generally 94/4% of grouped cases, were correctly classified. Overall, the results of canonical discriminant analysis show that electrical conductivity, litter, precipitation, temperature, elevation, potassium, silt and bare soil are the most important variables in the distribution of D. glomerata and T. kotschyanus. Considering these results, better decisions can be made about management, restoration, and reclamation of rangelands.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

environmental factors
Species Distribution
Discriminant Analysis
Khalkhal
Kosar
Dactylisglomerata
Thymus kotschyanus

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نشریه علمی - پژوهشی مرتع و آبخیزداری

مقایسه برخی عوامل بومشناختی مؤثر در انتشار گونه‌های Dactylis glomerata L. و Thymus kotschyanus Boiss and Hohen. در جنوب استان اردبیل

مراجع

مراجع

دوره 70، شماره 2
مرداد 1396
صفحه 449-464

مقایسه برخی عوامل بومشناختی مؤثر در انتشار گونه‌های Dactylis glomerata L. و Thymus kotschyanus Boiss and Hohen. در جنوب استان اردبیل

مراجع

مراجع

دوره 70، شماره 2مرداد 1396صفحه 449-464

دوره 70، شماره 2
مرداد 1396
صفحه 449-464