نشریه علمی - پژوهشی مرتع و آبخیزداری

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 استاد گروه آبخیزداری، دانشکدۀ منابع طبیعی، دانشگاه تربیت مدرس، ایران

2 دانش‌آموختگان کارشناسی ارشد آبخیزداری، دانشکدۀ منابع طبیعی، دانشگاه تربیت مدرس، ایران

چکیده

بررسی تغییرات زمانی و مکانی فرسایش خاک و عوامل مؤثر بر آن برای ارائۀ راه‌کارهای مناسب برای برنامه‌‌ریزی درست استفاده از منابع آبخیز اهمیت به‌سزایی دارد. حال آن‌که مطالعات کمّی به ‌بررسی تغییرات زمانی فرسایش خاک و تغییرات مکانی آن پرداخته‌اند. در این پژوهش تغییرپذیری زمانی مشارکت مکانی فرسایش خاک در حوزه‌های آبخیز شاهد و نمونه گنبد، استان همدان با مساحت 300 هکتار، بررسی شده است. برای این منظور نقشه‌های کاربری اراضی، بافت خاک و تندی شیب، تلفیق و واحد‌های‌کاری حوزۀ آبخیز مورد مطالعه به‌دست آمد. سپس در هر واحد‌کاری اقدام به اندازه‌گیری رسوب با استفاده از شبیه‌ساز باران با شدت 50 میلی‌متر بر ساعت با تداوم 30 دقیقه طی فصل بارش منطقه در دو ماه آبان و آذر 1393 شد. سپس سه نقطه با خصوصیات نسبی مشابه و معرف هر واحد‌کاری واقع در رئوس مثلث متساوی‌الاضلاع مشخص شد. در طول مدت اعمال بارش، مقادیر رسوب در هر پنج دقیقه یک بار پس از شروع تا خاتمة آن اندازه‌گیری شد. تجزیه و تحلیل‌های آماری با استفاده از تحلیل آنالیز واریانس نشان داد که اختلاف بین واحد‌های کاری مختلف در آبخیزهای نمونه و شاهد از نظر مقدار فرسایش خاک در سطح اطمینان یک درصد معنی‌دار و مؤید تغییرات مکانی فرسایش خاک و متعاقباً تولید رسوب در بخش‌های مختلف حوزة آبخیز بود. حال آن‌که، اختلاف فرسایش خاک در واحدهای کاری مورد مطالعه برای ماه‌های آبان و آذر با استفاده از آزمون t معنی‌دار ارزیابی نشد.

کلیدواژه‌ها

عنوان مقاله [English]

Comparison of Spatial Variations of Soil Erosion at Gonbad Representative and Treated Watersheds in Hamadan Province

نویسندگان [English]

  • Seyed Hamidreza Sadeghi 1
  • Zahra Hashemi Ariyan 2
  • Mehdi Vafakhah 2
  • Zeinab Karimi 2

1 Tarbiat Modares University, Professor

2 Tarbiat Modares University

چکیده [English]

Studying temporal and spatial variations of soil erosion and the effective factors is very important for providing appropriate solutions to properly plan the utilization of watershed resources. However, few studies have attempted to examine temporal and spatial variations of soil erosion. In this study, the temporal variability of spatial participation of soil erosion has therefore been investigated in the Gonbad representative and treated watersheds in Hamedan Province with an area of 300 ha. For this purpose, the work units were designated through overlaying land cover type, soil texture, and slope maps. The soil erosion was then measured in each work unit using rainfall simulator with intensity of 50 mmh-1 during 30 minute in two main rainy months of November and October 2014. Then, three points with relatively similar characteristics and representing each work unit were determined in the specific outlines of the equilateral triangle. The soil erosion was consequently measured with five minutes interval after the beginning and ending of rainfall simulation. The results of analysis of variance verified a significant difference (P<0.01) among different work units in soil erosion in both representative and control watersheds verifying spatial variation of different parts of the watersheds in soil erosion and consequent sediment yield. While, no significant difference was found using t-test between soil erosion during November and October 2014.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Rainfall simulation
  • Soil erosion dynamics
  • Spatial sediment yield contribution
  • Temporal variations of sediment yield
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