نشریه علمی - پژوهشی مرتع و آبخیزداری

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 استادیار دانشکدۀ کشاورزی، دانشگاه فسا، فسا، ایران.

2 دانشیار دانشکدۀ کشاورزی، دانشگاه فسا، فسا، ایران.

3 استادیار دانشکدۀ کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی، دانشگاه یاسوج، یاسوج، ایران.

چکیده

مطالعۀ ویژگی­های مهم خاک و پوشش گیاهی می­تواند پتانسیل بالقوۀ مرتع را نشان دهد و تعیین وضعیت آن را میسر می­سازد. از طرفی تأثیر گونه­های گیاهی مختلف بر ویژگی­های سطح خاک از جمله فرسایش، رسوب، رواناب، نفوذپذیری و سایر عوامل، متفاوت است. در همین راستا، تحقیق حاضر با هدف بررسی ویژگی­های ساختاری و عملکرد فرم­های رویشی مختلف بر شاخص­های سطح خاک در حوزۀ آبخیز میان­جنگل فسا انجام گردید. پس از اندازه­گیری 11 عامل سطح خاک در سه ترانسکت 100متری، پتانسیل­های عملکردی (پایداری، نفوذپذیری، چرخۀ ریزمغذی) با استفاده از روش تحلیل عملکرد چشم­انداز، طبقه­بندی شدند. همچنین خصوصیات ساختاری شامل تعداد لکه­های گیاهی، طول و عرض لکه­ها، درصد طول لکه در ترانسکت، شاخص سطح لکه­ها و شاخص سازمان یافتگی ثبت گردید. نتایج نشان داد چهار لکۀ­ اکولوژیک درختچه­، بوته­، گندمی و علفی و فضای بین لکه­ای خاک لخت و لاشبرگ در منطقۀ مورد مطالعه مستقر است. شاخص سازمان یافتگی و  شاخص سطح لکه در منطقۀ مورد مطالعه به­ترتیب 40/0 و 03/0 می­باشد. لکه­های گیاهی با فرم­های مختلف رویشی اثر متفاوتی بر عملکرد اکوسیستم منطقه دارند. فرم رویشی درختچه­ای دارای بیش­ترین پایداری است که تفاوت معنی­داری با سایر فرم­های رویشی دارد. از نظر شاخص نفوذپذیری در منطقۀ مورد مطالعه، اختلاف معنی­داری بین لکه­های اکولوژیک با فرم­های رویشی درختچه­ای و گندمی وجود ندارد. در عناصر ریزمغذی خاک، بین لکه­های اکولوژیک و میان لکه، اختلاف معنی­دار وجود دارد. فرم رویشی درختچه­ای دارای بیش­ترین مقدار چرخۀ عناصر ریزمغذی است. به­طور کلی، فرم رویشی شاخص گیاهان لکۀ اکولوژیک منطقۀ مورد بررسی، درختچه­ای است. از این رو، به منظور کنترل بیولوژیک و اصلاح مراتع در منطقۀ میان­جنگل فسا، کاشت پوشش گیاهی با فرم رویشی درختچه­ای پیشنهاد می­گردد.

کلیدواژه‌ها

عنوان مقاله [English]

Investigating soil qualitative properties affected by plant patches with different growth forms in Fasa Mianjangal region

نویسندگان [English]

  • Esfandiar Jahantab 1
  • Maryam Zahedifar 2
  • Mohsen Farzin 3

1 Department of Range and Watershed Management, Faculty of Agriculture, Fasa University, Fasa, Iran

2 Department of Range and Watershed Management, Faculty of Agriculture, Fasa University, Fasa, Iran

3 Department of Range and Watershed Management, Faculty of Agriculture and Natural Recourses, Yasooj University, Yasooj, Iran

چکیده [English]

Study of important soil properties and vegetation attributes can give us awareness of the potential of rangelands and make it possible to determine their condition. O In this regard, the present study was carried out with the aim of studying the structural and functional attributes of different growth forms on soil surface indices in the Mianjangal Catchment, Fasa. Eleven soil surface indicators were measured along three 100-meter transects using Landscape Function Analysis. The measured factors were classified to assess functional potentials (stability, infiltration, nutrient cycle). Structural attributes including number of patches, length and width of patches, the percentage of patch length to the transect length, patch area index and organization index were investigated. In general, four ecological patches including shrub, bush, grass and forb and the space between the patches (bare and litter) were identified in the study area. The organization index of patch area index were 0.41 and 0.03 in the study area respectively. The results showed that plant patches with different growth forms had different effects on ecosystem function. The growth form shrub had the highest stability, which had a significant difference with other growth forms. In terms of infiltration index in the study area, there were no significant differences between ecological patches with shrub and grass growth forms. Soil nutrient cycle also had a significant difference between ecological patches and also inter-patches. The shrub growth form had the highest amount of nutrient cycle.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Landscape Function Analysis
  • Plant patch
  • Water and soil conservation
  • Biological control
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