نشریه علمی - پژوهشی مرتع و آبخیزداری

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 دانشجوی دکتری، دانشکدۀ اقتصاد و توسعه، دانشگاه تهران، کرج، ایران؛ عضو هیئت علمی دانشکدۀ کشاورزی، دانشگاه جیرفت، کرمان، ایران.

2 استاد دانشکدۀ اقتصاد و توسعه، دانشگاه تهران، کرج، ایران.

3 استادیار دانشکدۀ اقتصاد و توسعه، دانشگاه تهران، کرج، ایران.

4 دانشیار دانشکدۀ منابع طبیعی، دانشگاه تهران، کرج، ایران.

چکیده

بررسی روند توسعۀ کشت محصولات بر اساس نیاز آبی در کنار آشکار سازی و پیش‌بینی تغییرات کاربری اراضی تصویر روشنی از وضعیت منابع آبی و تغییرات کاربری اراضی در اختیار برنامه‌ریزان قرار می‌دهد تا آگاهانه‌تر بتوانند در راستای حفظ منابع آب و خاک برنامه‌ریزی نمایند. از این­رو، تحقیق حاضر با دو هدف کلی صورت پذیرفت. هدف اول، بررسی تغییرات کاربری اراضی در گذشته و پیش‌بینی آن در آینده با استفاده از مدل‌ساز تغییر زمین (LCM) و روش رگرسیون لجستیک بود. آشکارسازی تغییرات کاربری اراضی با به­کارگیری تصاویر ماهواره Landsat و سنجنده‌های TM (تصویر سال 1369)، ETM+ (تصویر سال 1382) و OLI (تصویر سال 1398) انجام شد. هدف دوم مطالعه، بررسی روند توسعۀ محصولات کشاورزی از منظر نیاز آبی در سه دهۀ گذشته بود که بر اساس آمار و اطلاعات سازمان جهاد کشاورزی مورد بررسی قرار گرفت. مدل‌سازی نیروی انتقال براساس روش رگرسیون لجستیک و متغیرهای مدل رقومی ارتفاع (DEM)، شیب، جهت، زمین شناسی، فاصله از گسل، فاصله از جاده، فاصله از رودخانه، فاصله از شهر، شاخص NDVI انجام گرفت و جهت پیش‌بینی تغییرات کاربری اراضی در دورۀ آتی، از زنجیرۀ مارکوف استفاده گردید. همچنین با استفاده از آمار و اطلاعات سه دهۀ گذشته و اطلاعات سند ملی آبیاری کشور، روند تغییرات سطح زیر کشت محصولات زراعی عمده بر اساس نیاز آبی در دشت جیرفت مورد مطالعه قرار گرفت. نتایج تغییرات کاربری اراضی حاکی از آن بود که بیشترین افزایش مساحت مربوط به اراضی کشاورزی با 444 کیلومتر مربع و بیشترین کاهش مساحت مربوط به اراضی مرتعی (404 کیلومترمربع) بوده است و تخریب اراضی مرتعی و بایر بیشتر در راستای تبدیل این اراضی به اراضی کشاورزی و اراضی مسکونی بوده است. همچنین نتایج حاصل از پیش‌بینی کاربری آینده 1410 با استفاده از مدل LCM نشان داد که در دورۀ زمانی مورد مطالعه (1410- 1369) مساحت اراضی مسکونی و کشاورزی به ترتیب 9/54 و 69/667 کیلومتر مربع افزایش خواهند یافت. نتایج حاکی از آن بود که در سه دهۀ گذشته کشت محصولات زراعی با نیاز آبی بالا در دشت جیرفت توسعۀ بیشتری داشته است که با توجه به وضعیت بحرانی منابع آب در دشت جیرفت می‌تواند اثرات منفی برای اکوسیستم این دشت داشته باشد.

کلیدواژه‌ها

عنوان مقاله [English]

Investigating land-use changes in Jiroft plain in the present and future period with a look at agricultural land-use suitability

نویسندگان [English]

  • Mohsen Adeli Sardooei 1
  • Ali Asadi 2
  • Khalil Khalil 2
  • Ali Akbar Barati 3
  • Hassan Khosravi 4

1 Department of agricultural development and management, University of Tehran: ّFaculty member,, University of Jiroft, Jiroft, Iran

2 Department of agricultural development and management, University of Tehran

3 Dept. Agricultural Management and development, University of Tehran

4 Associate Professor, Faculty of Natural Resources, University of Tehran

چکیده [English]

Evaluating of the development of crops based on water needs along with detecting and predicting land use changes will provide a clear picture of changes in water resources and anthropogenic effects of the agricultural sector for environmental planners to plan more consciously in the field of water and soil conservation, Therefore, the current study was conducted with two general objectives. The first goal was to examine land use in the past and predict land use in the future using the Land Change Modeler (LCM) and logistic regression method. Detecting land use changes was performed using Landsat satellite images including sensors of TM (1990), ETM+ (2001) and OLI (2019). The second object of the study was to examine the development trend of agricultural products in terms of water needs in the last three decades, which was examined based on databases of the Agricultural Jihad Organization (AJO). The transition potential modelling was performed based on logistic regression method and variables of digital elevation model (DEM), slope, aspect, geology, the distance from fault, the distance from road, the distance from river, distance from residential lands, NDVI and land use was predicted using Markov chain in future. Also, the trend of changes in the area under cultivation of major crops based on water needs in Jiroft plain was studied based on the data of the last three decades and the data of the National Irrigation Document, which has been less considered by researchers in land use change studies.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Land use change
  • cultivation development
  • Jiroft plain
  • crops
  • water requirement
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