نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی
نویسنده
مربی پژوهشی مرکز تحقیقات آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی مازندران، ایران.
چکیده
حفظ و نگهداری از مراتع نیازمند فنون مدیریت علمی است. شناخت واکنشهای گیاهان به چرا و رفتار دام ها هنگام چرا از عوامل مدیریت بهینه و پایدار مراتع است. برای مدیریت بهینه مراتع کوهستانی، پژوهشی در چراگاه گردنه لاوش انجام شد. این مرتع در منطقۀ حفاظت شدۀ البرز مرکزی، واقع شده است، و توسط گاو دورگ بومی تعلیف میشود. شاخصهای پوشش گیاهی در طی سالهای 1397تا 1398 با 30 پلات 1 در 1 متر، در 3 نوار ترانسکت موازی با طول 100 متر و فاصلۀ 50 متر از یکدیگر، در عرصۀ قرق و عرصۀ تحت تعلیف دام اندازهگیری شد. نتایج نشان داد مقدار مصرف علوفۀ گاوها، تقریباً دو برابر ظرفیت مرتع بود. ارزش رجحانی اکثر گونههای مورد مطالعه به روش مصرف علوفهای، بین32 تا 35 درصد ارزیابی شد. طبقۀ خوشخوراکی و درصد زمان چرای گونهها به روش زمان سنجی با استفاده از دوربین فیلمبرداری تعیین شد. پراکنش و درصد پوشش در ماه آخر فصل چرا بر مدت زمان تعلیف از گونه مؤثر بود. گاوهای دورگ این مرتع اشتیاق یکسان برای تعلیف اغلب گونهها داشتند. بهجز سه گونه از گندمیان، Bromus tomentellus، Alopecurus textilis و Hordeum brevisubulatum که در مرحلۀ رشد رویشی خوشخوراکتر بودند. مدیر مرتع برای محاسبۀ میانگین وزنی درصد ارزش رجحانی هر تیپ گیاهی، دامنهای از انتخاب تصمیمگیری دربارۀ هر یک از شاخصهای تولید گونههای گیاهی، درصد پوشش و تراکم را با توجه به نوع تیپ پوشش گیاهی، اهمیت نقش هر گونۀ گیاهی و سایر شرایط محیطی را دارد.
کلیدواژه‌ها
عنوان مقاله [English]
Preference value of forage plants for cattle grazing in pasture of Lavash mountainous rangelands
نویسنده [English]
- ّFarhad Azhir
Faculty member of Mazandaran Agricultural and Natural Resources Research and Education Center
چکیده [English]
Knowledge of livestock grazing behavior is one of factors of optimal and sustainable rangeland management. For optimal management of mountain rangelands, a study was conducted in the rangelands of Lavash. This is located in the Central Alborz Protected Area, and grazed by native hybrid cows. Measuring the vegetation characteristics of the rangelands those areas with 30 plots of 1 × 1 square meter, in three survey strips parallel transects with a distance of 50 meters from each other's, and a length of 100 meters in 2018 and 2019. According to the obtained results, the amount of forage consumption was almost twice of what was range capacity. The preference value of most of the studied species was estimated between 32 and 35% by weighing usage forage method. Palatability category and grazed time percent of each plant species was determined by using camera recording. Plant distribution on rangeland and plant cover percent effected on grazed time percent in the last month during grazing season. Hybrid cattle had unique desire to breed most of the species except for three species belong to Poaceae, Bromus tomentellus, Alopecurus textilis and Hordeum brevisubulantum which were considered more palatable. To calculate the weighted average percentage of preference value of each plant type, rangeland manager could be choose a range of decisions about each of the plant species indices include: range production, plant coverage percentage, and plant density, according to the type of vegetation type, the importance of the role of each plant species and other environmental conditions.
کلیدواژه‌ها [English]
- Forage
- Preference value
- Cattle
- Mountain rangelands
- Lavash
- Mazandaran
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