نشریه علمی - پژوهشی مرتع و آبخیزداری

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 دانشجوی دکتری بیابان‌زدایی، دانشکدۀ کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی، دانشگاه هرمزگان، ایران.

2 دانشیار گروه مهندسی منابع طبیعی، دانشکدۀ کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی، دانشگاه هرمزگان، ایران.

3 دانشیار گروه جغرافیا، دانشگاه هرمزگان، ایران.

4 دانشیار گروه علوم زمین، دانشگاه تولسا، اوکلاهاما.

چکیده

در این مطالعه برای بررسی تخریب اراضی در استان فارس از تأثیر شاخص خشکسالی SPI بر شاخص کارایی مصرف آب (WUE) استفاده گردید. برای محاسبۀ WUE از محصولات تولید ناخالص اولیه (GPP) و تبخیر و تعرق (ET) حاصل از سنجندۀ مودیس استفاده شد و از داده‌های بارندگی ایستگاه‌های هواشناسی، شاخص خشکسالی SPI محاسبه گردید. سپس روند تغییرات شاخص GPP، ET، WUE و SPI در بازۀ زمانی 2017-2001 با استفاده از رگرسیون خطی محاسبه و به‌دنبال آن، از عکس‌العمل شاخص WUE به خشکسالی، تخریب اراضی و بیابان‌زایی در کاربری‌های مختلف، با استفاده از آنالیز همبستگی مورد ارزیابی قرار گرفت. نتایج نشان داد که شاخص‌های ET، GPP، WUE و خشکسالی در این بازۀ زمانی 17 ساله به ترتیب 25/75 ،9/29، 51/78 و 23/67 درصد افزایش یافته‌اند. بررسی تأثیر خشکسالی بر WUE در کاربری‌های اراضی کشاورزی و گراسلند نشان داد که رابطۀ مثبت بین این دو شاخص به ترتیب در 9/75 و 87 درصد از این کاربری‌ها دیده می‌شود که از این مقادیر به‌ترتیب 7/4 و 6/7 درصد رابطۀ معنی‌داری را نشان می‌‌دهد، این درحالی است که در مابقی مساحت این کاربری‌ها این اثرگذاری منفی می‌باشد. اثرپذیری WUE از خشکسالی در بوته‌زار‌ نشان دهندۀ رابطۀ مثبت در 9/40 درصد از مساحت این کاربری است که تنها 9/0 درصد آن، رابطۀ معنی‌دار است. رابطۀ منفی این کاربری در حدود 1/59 درصد از مساحت آن دیده شد، که از این مقدار تنها 6/1 درصد معنی‌دار می‌باشد. بررسی این رابطه در کاربری ساوانا نشان داد که 75 درصد از این کاربری رابطۀ منفی با خشکسالی داشته و مساحت باقی مانده رابطۀ مثبت با خشکسالی نشان داده است. شرایط اقلیمی خاص اکوسیستم‌های‌خشک و نیمه‌خشک باعث واکنش سریع تولید گیاهان به خشکسالی می‌شوند. بنابراین با بررسی و تجزیه و تحلیل واکنش تولید گیاهان به خشکسالی در این اکوسیستم‌ها، می‌توان تخریب اراضی و بیابان‌زایی را به خوبی مورد بررسی قرار داد.

کلیدواژه‌ها

عنوان مقاله [English]

Assessing the land degradation using water use efficiency (WUE) and drought indices (case study: Fars province)

نویسندگان [English]

  • Hadi Eskandari Damaneh 1
  • Hamid Gholami 2
  • Rasool Mahdavi 2
  • Asad Khoorani 3
  • Junran Li 4

1 Department of Agricultural and Natural Resources, University of Hormozgan, Iran

2 Department of Natural Resources Engineering, University of Hormozgan, Bandar-Abbas, Hormozgan, Iran.

3 Associate Professor, Department of geography, University of Hormozgan, Iran

4 Associate Professor, Department of Geosciences, The University of Tulsa, Tulsa-Oklahoma

چکیده [English]

In this study, water use efficiency index (WUE) was used to assessing the effect of drought on the carbon and water cycle. To calculate this index, we used the gross primary product (GPP) and evapotranspiration (ET) products obtained from the MODIS sensor, and the trend of their changes and reaction of this index to drought were calculated for the period 2017-2001 in Fars province. Finally, we assessed the land degradation and desertification in different land uses for study area. The results showed that the indices of evapotranspiration, GPP, water use efficiency, and drought increased by 75.25%, 29.9%, 78.51%, and 67.23%, respectively. The effects of drought on evapotranspiration in agricultural lands and grasslands showed more than 67% positive relationship and also, in these land uses, we observed a significant positive relationship (33.4% and 12.5% for the agricultural lands and grassland, respectively). However, in shrubs lands, and savannas, it is more than 66.6% and 87.5%. The effect of drought on water use efficiency in grassland showed that more than 87% of these areas have a positive relationship. The effectiveness of water use efficiency in plants shows a positive relationship in 40.9% in this area, of which only 0.9% has a significant positive relationship. The negative relationship of this land use is about 59.1% of it. Of this negative amount, only 1.6% of the area had a significant negative relationship. The study of this relationship in the use of savannas shows 75% of this area, which includes 1.5 square kilometers.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Land degradation
  • Fars province
  • MODIS sensor
  • Gross primary production
  • Evapotranspiration
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